Neustadt an der Aisch

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 35 '  N , 10 ° 37'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Middle Franconia
County :	Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim
Height :	290 m above sea level NHN
Area :	61.23 km 2
Residents:	13,259 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	217 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	91413
Area code :	09161
License plate :	NEA, SEF, UFF
Community key :	09 5 75 153
City structure:	21 districts
City administration address :	Marktplatz 5 91413 Neustadt an der Aisch
Website :	www.neustadt-aisch.de
First Mayor :	Klaus Meier ( SPD )
Location of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch in the district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim

View of Neustadt an der Aisch (left) and Diespeck (right) from the aircraft

Neustadt an der Aisch from the north

Neustadt an der Aisch - Nürnberger Tor and northern city center

Neustadt an der Aisch (officially Neustadt adAisch ) is the district town in the Aisch Valley and, along with Bad Windsheim, one of the two centers of the Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim district in Central Franconia . It is one of 13 efficient municipalities in Bavaria. Historically, Neustadt (first named around 1285) emerged in the 13th century as a "new city" created by the Nuremberg burgraves from the southern part of the former Königshof Riedfeld , which has been verifiable since around 741 and is now a district of Neustadt.

geography

geology

See also : District Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim # Geology

In Neustadt, the soil mainly consists of different layers of Keuper that are pushed together. There are Lehrbergton (especially in the area of ​​the train station) and bubble sandstone (whose border against the Lehrberg level forms a rich water horizon) as well as mixed and alluvial deposits called "Aulehme".

topography

The Aisch flows through Neustadt . It lead there as left tributaries of Rengelsbach , and as the right tributaries of the former brown trout (also carp , tench and ide ) beheimatende Schweinachbach and covered in the 19th century jet stream . Several springs, which have their source in the Löblerin , were taken in 1575 by Margrave Georg Friedrich for the New Palace . The Pfalzbach (named after the Pfalz , a former Saalhof in Riedfeld) also flows in the Riedfeld district . Approx. 1 km northwest of the village rises the Stübacher Berg ( 361  m above sea level ), approx. 1.5 km west of the Eichelberg ( 366  m above sea level ) and south-west of the Hutsberg , where the train station was built in the 19th century. Neustadt has grown together structurally with Kleinerlbach and Diespeck. Neustadt ad Aisch is part of the southern part of Windsheim Bay .

City structure

Neustadt an der Aisch has 21 officially named districts:

Birch field Chausseehaus (formerly in the Eggensee community) The stream Eggensee Hasenlohe (formerly with the community of Schauerheim) Herrneuses Hohenwürzburg (formerly part of the Herrnneuses community)

Kleinerlbach Neustadt adAisch Obernesselbach Oberschweinach Oberstrahlbach (formerly in the municipality of Herrnneuses) Powder mill Schauerheim

Schellert Stöckach (formerly at the community of Unterschweinach) Unteresselbach Unterschweinach Unterstrahlbach Virnsbergerhaag (formerly at the community of Schauerheim) Weiherhof (formerly at the municipality of Birkenfeld)

No officially named districts are:

Am Ellenberg (formerly at the municipality of Birkenfeld) Fall mastery Klausberg (formerly at the municipality of Birkenfeld) Coal mill Wage Mill

Riedfeld Roessleinsdorf Stöckachermühle (formerly at the community of Unterschweinach) Wasenmühle

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are (starting from the north clockwise): Baudenbach , Diespeck , Emskirchen , Markt Erlbach , Dietersheim , Ipsheim , Sugenheim , Langenfeld .

climate

• 

  Diagram of precipitation mean values ​​in Neustadt ad Aisch for the period from 1961 to 1990

• 

  Precipitation diagram for Neustadt ad Aisch (blue curve) in front of the mean values ( quantiles ) for Germany (gray)

In Neustadt ad Aisch, the average annual rainfall is 690 mm and 701 mm.

history

→ Main article : History of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch

Billy goat saga

In 1461, at the time of the margrave and elector Albrecht Achilles , the city was besieged by enemies (the allied Bavaria, Würzburg and Bamberg had conquered Neustadt that year and after eleven weeks, on November 25th, the city became with the participation of the residents and personal leadership of Albrecht Achilles again exempted ). The food inside the city walls was running out quickly and there was no other option but to surrender to the enemy. According to legend, it was then that a tailor had an idea: He sewed himself into the skin of a billy goat , put on its head and hopped along the city wall, moaning. The enemy saw the well-fed “billy goat” and gave up the siege in the belief that the people of Neustadt had more than enough food. To commemorate this old folk tale, since the beginning of the 1950s (after the reconstruction of the town hall, which was destroyed by fire in 1947), the Neustädter billy goat has been making its rounds complaining every day at twelve noon in the clock of the Neustädter town hall on the market square. Students from Neustädter Mittelschule perform the billy goat dance every year at the church fair on the market square, during which the billy goat legend is musically recounted.

In keeping with the legend, in the pedestrian passage at the Nürnberger Tor there is a billy goat picture walled in as a blacksmith's window grille, which is probably an old bricklayer's mark (As in other cities, goat husbandry was of economic importance in Neustadt up to the Thirty Years War - and it was again from the middle of the 19th century). The billy goat as the “protector of the city” - even if Neustadt an der Aisch (in contrast to Neustadt am Kulm ) may not have been attacked by the Bavarians in 1460/1461 - has nevertheless become the city's landmark.

Incorporations

On July 1, 1969, the previously independent communities of Diebach and Unterschweinach were incorporated. On July 1, 1970, parts of the dissolved Eggensee community followed. Birkenfeld, Herrnneuses, Schauerheim and Schellert were added on January 1, 1972. Unteresselbach was incorporated with Obernesselbach, which was incorporated on July 1, 1972 (from the dissolved district of Uffenheim ). On May 1, 1978, parts of the neighboring community of Diespeck were added. The series of incorporations was completed on January 1, 1980 with the incorporation of Unteresselbach.

Population development since the 18th century

Population development between 1752 and 2017 according to the tables opposite

City of Neustadt

year Residents Houses source 1752 1759 1818 2364 340 1836 3360 1840 3775 432 1852 3435 1861 3512 1867 3583 1871 3709 448 1875 3841 1880 4114 1885 4053 507 1890 3748 1895 3757 1900 3870 533 1905 4124 1910 4494

year Residents Houses source 1919 4554 1925 4923 659 1933 5349 1939 5634 1946 8123 1950 8453 866 1961 8924 1260 1970 9188 1987 10903 2671 2005 12397 2010 12165 2015 12805 2016 12875 2017 12941

Neustadt district

year Residents Houses source 1818 1943 271 1840 3242 358 1861 2946 1871 2994 1885 3094 360 1900 2937 381

year Residents Houses source 1925 4773 637 1950 8351 849 1961 8851 1248 1970 8751 1987 8150 1925

The current district of Riedfeld consisted of 28 houses and the upper mill in 1629 .

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population increased from 11,060 to 13,121 by 2,061 inhabitants or 18.6%.

politics

City council election 2014

Turnout: 58.69% (2008: 63.50%)

 %

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

29.22%

42.45%

13.96%

14.37%

n. k.

CSU

SPD

FWG

Green

FDP

Gains and losses

compared to 2008

 % p

 12

 10

   8th

   6th

   4th

   2

   0

  -2

  -4

  -6

  -8th

-10

-12

-11.31  % p

+ 11.45  % p.p.

-2.27  % p

+4.23  % p.p.

-2.10  % p

CSU

SPD

FWG

Green

FDP

City council

Allocation of seats in the city council       A total of 24 seats Left : 1 SPD : 8 Greens : 4 FW : 3 CSU : 8

Mayor is Klaus Meier ( SPD ). In a runoff election in 2008, he beat incumbent Claudia Platzöder ( CSU ), who had held the office since 2002. In the mayoral election in 2014 Klaus Meier prevailed against his challenger Gerd Scheuenstuhl ( CSU ) with 83.4%.

The seats on the city council are distributed as follows in the 2014–2020 electoral period:

• CSU : Election 2014: 7 seats | 2008 election: 10 seats
• SPD : Election 2014: 10 seats | 2008 election: 8 seats
• FWG : Election 2014: 3 seats | 2008 election: 4 seats
• GREEN : Election 2014: 4 seats | 2008 election: 2 seats

The interests of the individual districts are represented by nine local spokespersons.

Coat of arms and city seal

The arms description of the resulting in the 14th century old New Town coat of arms is: In a green reclined, of silver and black quartered shield , on a silver helmet; The crest is decorated with a red -tongued golden brackish head (bracken head) with a red ear, extended below to form a golden and red helmet cover.

The corresponding municipal seal also shows on a green background to black and white quartered Hohenzollern shield , what a great helm with brackish head (head of Bracke -called hunting dog) can be seen as a crest. The legend of the old town hall from 1317, which was found in the rubble of the Thirty Years War in July 1632 (after a fire that started in the house of Hofbüttner Hammerschmid near the former Diespecker Tor), reads Sigillum Nove Civitatis Juxta Eysch (“Siegel der Neue Stadt an der Aisch "). The city coat of arms can be found, among other things, above the main gate of the town hall (originally the sovereign coat of arms was above the portal on the market, and it was provided with an astronomical clock by Johann Michael Vogler (1670–1731) from Herrieden in 1715, and the city coat of arms on the one facing Kirchgasse ).

Town twinning

Working group Neustadt in Europe

• The city is a member of the Neustadt in Europa working group , in which 37 cities (as of March 2014) from Germany, Austria, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Netherlands have come together under the name Neustadt .

It also maintains partnerships with the following cities:

• Montespertoli ( Italy ), since 1992
• Hino ( Japan ), since 1997
• Hluboká nad Vltavou (Frauenberg, Czech Republic ), since 1997
• Lipik ( Croatia ), since 1998

In Hino there is the Frankenpark Blumenhügel, in which there is a replica of the Neptune fountain on the market square as well as a local history museum supervised by the city of Neustadt.

Mayor (selection)

• Jakob Schönleben
• Georg Götz
• Johan Rodtamer
• Leonhard Heusner (1563)
• Lorenz or Georg Ulsenheimer († May 4, 1593)
• Georg Kolb
• Johann Eichler
• Hans Wust
• Georg Meder Sr.
• Georg Sandrock (1583), immigrated from Dettelbach in 1564
• Karl Göbel (expelled from Würzburg in 1588, member of the inner council in 1604, second mayor in Neustadt in 1604, who directed the construction of the church tower)
• Leonhard Hartung (1611)
• Georg Blik (1621–1698)
• Müller (17th century), mayor and chronicler of Neustadt
• Erasmus Ulsenheimer, mayor, town clerk from around 1641 to 1646

Wendelinus Streicher 's house

• Wendel (in) and Wendelinus Streicher (around 1670), a baker's family (including the white bread baker Burkhard Streicher) belonging to the mayor (the former bakery was in a still existing half-timbered house on Bamberger Straße).
• Leonhard S. Schneider, called "Baderwirt", son of a Neustädter Bader or surgeon, founder of the Gasthaus zur Sonne and landlord in the Gasthaus zumgrün Baum, elected mayor on June 22nd, 1668
• Sebastian Friedrich Weiß (man), latinized Albinus, pharmacist from Windsheim, second mayor and hospital nurse as well as host of the Goldener Hirschen . As mayor, Weissmann prevented the Huguenots who had fled from France from settling there for personal and business reasons
• Johann Georg Weißmann, mayor in charge of construction during the construction of the town hall, which began in 1711
• Leonhard Kirchmeyer, co-responsible mayor during the construction of the town hall from 1711
• Rößler, third (second?) Mayor (of four) from 1736, city assessor, court painter and fraudulent hospital attendant around 1740
• Penance (around 1805)
• Johann Georg Engelhardt, September 1818 to 1830
• Johann Kaspar (or Caspar) Engelhardt, 1839 or 1840 to 1860
  • Haßler, 1830 to 1834
  • Leonhard Thirdler, 1834 to 1860
• Ammon, legally qualified mayor from 1858 to 1862
• Johann Nikolaus Ludwig Beer, from 1863 or January 26, 1864 to 1869
• Jakob Ex, City Treasurer, Mayor from January 4, 1870 to July 16, 1874
• Georg Nikolaus Stein, from December 7, 1874 to May 8, 1888
• Andreas Bräuninger, from December 16, 1888 to November 22, 1897
• Georg Vogel, from January 25, 1898 to December 31, 1912
• Andreas Schildknecht, honorary mayor from (20 or) 28 January 1913 to 23 August 1917
• Heinrich Hummel, October 27, 1917 to July 1, 1919
• Karl Edelmann, July 1, 1919 to 1921
• Leonhard Bankel, from April 25 or June 1, 1921 to May 17, 1945 First Mayor (NSDAP)
• Andreas Beyer, from April 25, 1921 Second Mayor (NSDAP)
• Richard Dollinger, from December 7, 1929 Second Mayor (economic bloc)
• Fritz Erlwein, Second Mayor (NSDAP) from 1931
• Heinrich Sperber, May 18, 1945 to May 25, 1948
• Leonhard Bankel, First Mayor from May 26, 1948 to April 30, 1960 (SPD)
• Karl Ströbel, from May 1, 1960 to May 30, 1972 (SPD)
• Horst Erny, from July 1, 1972 to April 30, 1990 (CSU)
• Wolfgang Mück, from May 1, 1990 to April 30, 2002 (SPD)
• Claudia Platzöder, from May 1, 2002 to April 30, 2008 (CSU), Neustadt's first female mayor
• Klaus Meier, from May 1, 2008 (SPD)

Culture and sights

Gates and rock cellars

Nuremberg Gate (from the inside). To the left of it is a house replacing the box floor that was demolished in 1924

One of the landmarks of Neustadt is the Nürnberger Tor with a gatehouse (formerly also called "Upper Gate", at the beginning of the "Upper Gasse"). The single-lane gate was built in the 14th century. A gatehouse was added in 1523 and a southern porch was added in 1660 (the second floor of the gatehouse may have been added between 1703 and 1708). The furnishing of the city with these final gate wings dragged on after the Thirty Years War until 1656. A billy goat relief can be found under the ceiling of the porch from 1660. The gate was given a roof in 1689, a clock and a bell in 1695. In 1938 the gate opening was increased.

Until 1825, after larger parts had been drained in 1698, the water-filled part of the city moat from the Nürnberger Tor to the Windsheimer Tor (demolished in 1871) and to the Diespecker located at the New Palace and the Palace Square at the beginning of the former "Dispecker Gasse" Gate has been converted into garden area. In the middle of the 19th century, a professional horticultural industry emerged, mainly southwest of the city wall, whose facilities and greenhouses were later also grown on the Herrenbergen (where, like on the Pfalzbach from the late Middle Ages to 1882, vines originally from Kitzingen were also grown) and above the Strahlbach to the Catholic Church consecrated in 1883. The Windsheimer Tor was located at the “Plärrer” or at the beginning of the former “Windsheimer Gasse” and was demolished in 1871, as was the Riedfelder Tor and the Langenfelder Tor redesigned in 1788 (demolished in 1871) at the beginning of the “Unteren Gasse” (A rope house with a cable car was set up between Windsheimer Tor and Pulverturm in 1820. ). In the Diespecker Tor (demolished in 1872) and Riedfelder Tor there were poor houses, whose dilapidated condition and the costs were also arguments for demolishing these gates.

The Nuremberg goal was after 1870-71 the demolition of the other Goals was decided due to the opposition of Eggensee , not demolished, which had allegedly received Läuterecht (right to the bell-ringing of the door). Below (within the city wall) next to the gate, the “Princely Grain Box” was set up in the 17th century (In this box floor, at Nürnberger Strasse 35, where there is a large vaulted cellar, an urban grain store was again housed in 1853 ). Next to and above (to protect against epidemics outside the former city wall) of the Nürnberger Tor , the “Upper Gate”, was the “Hospital” in the 19th century (a hospital initially from 1801 for the garrison of the Prussian hussars (including some Inhabitants of Neustädter belonged to the built military hospital, which then became the “poor house” or “poor sanctuary”). This oldest hospital in Neustadt in front of the Upper Gate on the right of the former road to Emskirchen has existed as an infirmary or infirmary since the Middle Ages and was probably intended around 1300 to isolate people with contagious diseases such as leprosy . Certificates for this were burned in 1553, a year 1561, which can be read earlier on the building, indicates a new building in the 16th century. The oldest illustration can be found in 1708 in Schnizzer's city chronicle. Since the 18th century at the latest, this "poor infirmary" has been used primarily as a poor house. In 1790 "the beggar, the Gänshirt and poor Leuth" lived there (a little above the "Gänshügel", today Max-Döllner-Platz). The last hospital room was closed in 1826. After the city fathers rejected an application from the magistrate for the construction of a hospital on June 4, 1829, the "poor house", which continued to exist as a (makeshift) military hospital until 1887, was used as a hospital (with three sick rooms) for one in view of the risk of cholera "Hospital" (a compulsory insurance for domestic servants and journeymen) established on November 4, 1831. After the city had acquired the Schönau excursion restaurant, which had been in the area in front of the Diespecker Tor since 1832, from Johann Leonhard Engelhardt in 1850 , it set up a hospital there (opposite what would later become the Burkart brewery) - in the event of impending cholera - (sold again in 1904). In autumn 1852 the old "Siechhaus" was demolished.

The "hospital"

Today the youth center hospital is located there . Diagonally across from it, a rock cellar built in 1704 was uncovered in December 2015.

There are more rock cellars on the Herrenbergen, where the Neustädter Beautification Association planted chestnuts in 1875. The cellar taverns “on the Wasen” have been important for May festivals, parades, folk festivals, events such as the rifle club and, above all, at church fairs.

Town hall and market square

Town hall and market square

The billy goat can be seen and heard on the tower of the town hall every day at 12 noon. Before the baroque town hall commissioned by Friedrich von Obernitz (governor from 1557 to 1566; died in Neustadt in 1569) was built in 1567/1568 with six commercial vaults (“benches”) for various trades and the pillory facing Kirchgasse on the north side Until the devastating city fire of 1553, a department store belonging to the margrave (“Kauff- und Gewerbshaus”) was located on its place (the “Old Town Hall” was located across from it on the other side of the central market square fountain, although it was no longer used in the end) red sandstone. The stately building from 1567 was “deliberately infected by the soldiers” on June 11, 1632 during a fire that also affected 70 houses during the Thirty Years War, and in 1698 it was only in ruins.

From 1710 to 1780 there was a lot of building activity in Neustadt. The town hall building, which still shapes the cityscape today, was also built during this time. The foundation stone for this was laid on April 23, 1711 at the corner of Marktplatz and Bamberger Strasse. The mayors Johann Georg Weißmann and Leonhard Kirchmeyer were entrusted with building supervision, and Johann Georg Kannhäuser from Frauenaurach was entrusted with the masonry and sculpting work. The stones for the construction were supplied by the municipal quarry "in the Hardtschmieden am Pestweg" or Postweg, the bricks by the brickworks in Unterstrahlbach and the lime by the pit in the hedge forest. In the town hall on the traffic-calmed market square, on the roof of which a pair of storks often nests (until 1860 the roof bay window had a domed roof), the town again had seven vaults and open “benches”, for example meat banks in the lower floor of the town hall for butchers until 1881 ("Metzelbeke"), furnished. Since the end of 1832 there has been a weekly food market (“Viktualien”, “Farmer's Market”) every Saturday. In addition to the Viktualienmarkt, there are also some annual markets (since 1682) in Neustadt.

In the 19th century, the rooms on the north side of the town hall served as prison cells for shorter incarcerations, with the detention cells for Neustadt citizens being heated from 1830 onwards.

Neptune fountain with Easter decorations

One of the city's landmarks is the "Gabelmann" on the market square, a limestone first created in 1734 by the sculptor Johann Friedrich Maucher (a sculptor from the Teutonic Order Castle Ellingen ) and newly created on the market fountain after it was destroyed by the weather in 1925 by the sculptor and town churchman Georg Gebhardt Located Neptune figure. A drawing well that had previously existed there (1534) was replaced in 1679 by a tubular well with excellent water quality or a fountain created by master bricklayer Beck . The well basin of the "Gabelmannnbrunnen", formerly also used as a cattle trough, was renewed in 1902 and given the city coat of arms.

In April 1947 a town hall fire broke out. From 1948 to 1951, the town hall was rebuilt with some innovations such as the redesign of the round arches on the ground floor to make arcades and the addition of the town hall tower with the billy goat.

The Locks

Old castle

Gatehouse of the Old Castle seen from the courtyard. On the right the small courtyard garden laid out for Friederike , to which a bridge led over the city moat

Old castle with courtyard and artist studios

Situated at the Bamberg street Old or inside castle (with the later as " Maschikeles -Turm" designated Round Tower) was built in the 1430s as a moated castle (after the mountain fortress Neustadt second "Castle") on the north corner of the city under Margrave Albrecht Achilles built , Completed in 1448 and inhabited by him since 1451. After his death (1486) it was the widow's seat of his second wife, Margravine and Electress Anna , Duchess of Saxony (1437–1512), who held court there for a quarter of a century from 1486, arranged the wedding of two of her daughters and Neustadt became the spiritual center of the Franconian Zollernland made. The round tower at the castle was expanded into a battery stand by Casimir in 1526. After the completion of the New Palace in 1626, the Old Palace was degraded to an auxiliary building, including as the official and residence of the governor ( Vicedom , also known as Oberamtmann and "Obervogt", who as Vogt not only for the city, but rather for "the office") , ie the district was responsible and belonged to the nobility) and with the “chancellery” seat of the governorate established in 1612 under Wolf Philipp Groß von Trockau in the northern annex . The complex, which has been rebuilt several times, includes the round tower, a small palace garden, the gate building (the west building on the round tower) and the polygonal- closing core building, which is made up of irregular, younger additions (for example with the northern transverse building in the palace courtyard, formerly known as the "cavalier building") Court staff, then the castle administrator's apartment between the New Castle and Diespecker Tor) was expanded in a horseshoe shape. When rent offices were set up in 1811 for the administration of the sovereign income , the rooms of the old (inner) castle, which the city bought for 10,450 Marks and which initially cost 12,000 Marks, served as the Bavarian rent office that administered the former caste offices Neustadt and Emskirchen.

From October 1, 1894 to 1958, the “City Hospital” in the Old Castle consisted of, among other things, operating rooms, an obstetrics department and an infection department only equipped with a disinfection device in 1924 (a new building of a hospital requested by the magistrate had been rejected by the local authority in 1829 and was only Decided in 1834. A building of a district hospital in Riedwiesen , suggested by the city in 1886 , remained unrealized). Initially, the hospital was solely provided by the district doctor (introduced in 1862 - before there was a regional court physician or regional court doctor), then a second independent doctor provided medical care. The post-mortem examination, which was legally introduced in Bavaria in 1831, was only transferred to licensed doctors around 1900.

From October 26, 1911, the hospital was looked after by deaconesses from Augsburg. The entrance area (the gatehouse built in 1740, now housing a small stage) was purchased in 1926. Around 1932/33, the expenses of the hospital, which had movables worth 30,758 marks and assets of 31,906 marks, contrasted with this exceeding income of 46,954 marks.

In the last third of the 19th century, the pointed roof of the Maschikeles tower ( Massiculi tower : tower with gun emplacement) was removed to provide hospital beds . However, this berth, which turned out to be unsuitable, only existed for some time. Classrooms were later set up there, and in 1960 the local history museum. Since 2008 it has housed the Aischgründer Carp Museum .

The massive Maschikelesturm (also called Massikuliturm or Round Tower) of the "Albrechtsschloss" is essentially late medieval. Only the two lower floors are preserved in the original. The upper end with ( boarded ) half-timbered structure, conical roof and lantern has been reconstructed. The arched windows on the first floor date from the 19th century, when, following a decision by King Max II in 1852, the round tower (with the building wing adjoining it to the north) of the old castle, which was then used as a rent office, served as a Roman Catholic chapel . The Catholic community bought the round tower with the north wing of the old castle in 1860 and turned it into a church and the house into an apartment for the clergy (on August 24, 1860, the chaplain of the parish Ullstadt, FX Böhm, moved in first) November 6, 1862 when parish curatus received all rights of a pastor.

New lock

New castle with octagonal stair tower and Welscher dome

New Castle (elementary and secondary school)

The construction of the New Castle at the "Diespecker Tor" (at the later Gasthaus zum (golden) Engel in Bambergerstraße 20, from where a big fire started in 1632) on the place of the outer bailey of the old moated castle was under Margrave Georg Friedrich (son of also in Neustadt area, grandson Albrecht Achilles' Georg who was responsible for a reorganization ). The master builder or probably the last of the plans (already completed before 1575) to carry out the work was Peter Fahrenschon, who was married to a native of Neustadt and came from Meßkirch in Württemberg, presumably with the influence of Thomas Martinotus. Fahrenschon did not receive a fee because the margrave was dissatisfied with his builder and even threatened him with death, so that Fahrenschon fled Neustadt to his Swabian homeland. Under Margrave Georg Friedrich (died in April 1603) construction had progressed so far that the wedding ceremony of a Freiherr von Seckendorff (a godchild of the Margrave) was held in it as early as 1600. The new building was not completed until 1626 under Margrave Christian , the margrave of the Principality of Bayreuth. With its floor plan, it represented an important step in the development history of German palace construction. As a residential palace without actual fortifications, which even uses part of the city wall as a house wall, it is one of the first residential complexes of this type in Europe. The "Princely Castle" was a three-story stately building with eleven or fourteen axes with the tower. The ground floor opened up with ten basket arches on pillars. In the middle of the façade stood the octagonal stair tower (with riding stairs ) on a sloping base with a round arched entrance. He wore a verschieferte cupola dome with lantern and button. A stepped gable still in place in 1610 (of originally two) is no longer there. The building withstood an attempted arson attack in 1634 when a Forchheim garrison had penetrated. Opposite the New Palace were the house of the superintendent and the houses of the deacon in the 17th century (the deacon or archdeacon was established in 1570 with the deacon's apartment opposite the choir of the town church).

From 1655 to 1702 the New Palace served as the seat of widowed margravineesses. Guests (sometimes only staying overnight) in the castle were among others in 1658 Emperor Leopold , 1664 the Elector and Archbishop of Mainz Johann Philipp von Schönborn , 1700 the Queen of Poland Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth , 1701 the Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria and 1702 Emperor Joseph , shot a particularly strong stag on July 16, 1702 near Hoheneck. Emperor Charles VI. stayed in Neustadt in 1712 on the return journey from the coronation ceremony in Frankfurt am Main. The castle also served as a starting point for hunting events in the 17th and 18th centuries. Margrave Christian came to Neustadt to hunt deer in 1654 and his successor Christian Ernst came several times from 1662 to 1668.

From 1731 to 1741, Margrave Friedrich Christian , known as "the Prince of Neustadt an der Aisch", who was connected to Pietism , resided most of the time in the New Palace, where he shot his wife's lover, who had been caught inflagranti, and then his ruling brother, Margrave Karl , was imprisoned at the Plassenburg. The princess had fled to Bernburg. After the death of Margrave Karl, the new ruler and uncle of Friedrich Christian set him free so that he could return to Neustadt before moving to Denmark for the next time. Separatism and Pietism, and thus also the Neustädter Moravian Group , were banned on July 17, 1743 for the entire Margraviate. Grenadiers were transferred from Bayreuth to Neustadt as castle guards. From 1794–1886, the New Palace served as a hussar barracks (before 1794 the Prussian hussar squadron was housed in citizens' quarters). From 1810 the Bavarian cavalry (first Cheveauxlegers, later Uhlans) was located in this barracks. The cavalry barracks in the castle were closed in 1887 and the castle was sold to the city. After it had been designated as a reserve hospital in case of war in 1896, rooms were made available in the former castle barracks. On October 16, 1906, the palace barracks burned down completely, except for the stair tower. In place of the castle building, the new elementary school (as the successor to the “German or elementary school” opened in 1815), later called the “central school”, was built until 1915, only the stair tower remained in a slightly modified form (the windows, which were originally inclined to follow the staircase, were horizontal aligned).

Evangelical Lutheran parish church of St. John the Baptist

St. John the Baptist

Stadkirchenturm with the Welschen dome replacing the old pointed roof in 1614

History of the town church

Today's town church at Kirchplatz 14 was built between 1432 and 1439, as indicated by the year “1438” on the south side of the choir above the Mount of Olives which was destroyed in the “Iconoclasm” of 1820 . This oldest surviving church in the "New City" was originally consecrated as St. Laurentius to St. Lorenz and was (possibly based on a confusion between Lorenz / Laurentius and Leonhard / Leonhardus) also as the "Statt-Kirche zu S. Leonhard" (like it was still called in 1698) named after St. Leonhard . The former city patron St. Lorenz is depicted with his torture device, the rust, also on the field cross called Red Torture in the Pfalzbach in Riedfeld.

The current name comes from the older (1945 destroyed) Spitalkirche or Hospitalkirche (the oldest, around 1400 - allegedly 1391 or 1392 - mentioned as Johanniskirche , parish church of Riedfeld – Neustadt) at the "Riedfelder Tor", which was previously consecrated to St. Martin as such it was already designated as the parish church of the diocese of Würzburg (the hospital church received its tower in 1595).

After the first castle was built in “Nuwenstat” in 1287, a parish church was built around 1300 at the foot of the castle count's festivals, which was separated from the old St. Martin's Church in Riedfeld, but nothing remains of it. However, a document dated June 15, 1400 mentions an anniversary donated to the Newenstat 1333 to the parish church of St. Johannes Baptista (Saint John the Baptist), the legal predecessor of the hospital church, and a "Salve" donated in 1372 ( English greeting , probably represented as a carving of the Mary altars). The singing of praise Salve Regina before the former Marie altar of St. John the Baptist was to the parish by the Junker Heinz von Seckendorf to Rossbach and his wife Margaret of memories Wilhelmßdorf surrendered meadow in marriage arranged.

In the vicinity of the later hospital church was a hospital foundation Sancti Spiritus ("to the Holy Spirit"; St. Spiritus was the title of the. ) In 1419 at the latest (with the confirmation of Margrave Friedrich I) founded by the city and the vice-dominate family von Seckendorff who lived there benefices established for the hospital chaplain). The foundation took care of the hospital (founded before 1319 and mentioned by Burgrave Friedrich IV ), which was primarily intended to be inhabited by "old people who were honest in their lives". But not only inmates of the hospital, but also “house arms” living in their families or families receiving them were supported up to the 20th century. The hospital foundation also owned (until 1813) forest ownership with its own hospital forester in Klausaurach and (1541) seven farms and numerous fields. Around 1400 a schoolmaster paid from the Seckendorffsche Salve Foundation took care of the church singing. In 1434 (the year the foundation's purpose was repeated in a letter of freedom ), the hospital was relocated to the church and parish buildings of the old St. John's Church that had become vacant and became the property of the new St. John's Church. The "Vordere Haus" (Neustadts oldest Seelhaus ) of the old rectory on the left at the entrance of the hospital was rebuilt in 1598 (after being destroyed in 1553) after the move to the square near the new town church and rebuilt in 1795 by order of the government in Ansbach demolished and rebuilt in 1802. The “ Seelhaus” originally referred to a building that was donated for the healing of a certain soul and was intended to accommodate people in need; later also a house that was built with funds from such a foundation. In Neustadt, the term was also used generally for buildings for charitable purposes (as in 1828 for the hospital). There were Seelhäuser or "Seelenhäuser" in Neustadt across from the Spital ( burned down in 1553 as a result of a fire set by federal estates with all the documents, books and the church, but rebuilt after the Nuremberg residents withdrew in 1557), from 1717 as "Neues Seelhaus" (three, by the second mayor and hospital nurse Seb. Friedr. Albinus / Weißmann, the host of the Goldener Hirschen (first mentioned in 1701), building created as a construction manager as a capital investment of the hospital) on the upper Bleichgasse (“Oberes Bleichgäßlein”), 1802 a third “Neues Seelhaus “on the first place, on the corner of Langenfelder (Würzburger) Straße. There has been no Seelhaus in Neustadt since 1836.

The core of today's building was erected at the end of the 14th / beginning of the 15th century as a three-aisled basilica with a retracted, arched choir and expanded in 1532. It was set on fire in 1553 during the Federal War by the federal authorities and the city in the Second Margrave War on June 9th. It could be quickly rebuilt on the remaining surrounding walls and rededicated in 1557 (a new baptismal font erected in 1567 was moved to the hospital church in 1670, where it disintegrated in 1702). The twelve-o'clock bell "Monika" that crashed in the fire, the large twelve o'clock bell that Margrave Kasimar brought from the empty Münchsteinach monastery to Neustadt in 1527 , was preserved and in 1562 was moved back to its place in a bell cage that was newly installed in the church tower and still exists today. In order to increase the number of seats and to celebrate only one Sunday service, the side aisles were raised with half-timbered structures and double galleries were drawn in in 1594 , whereby the basilica character of the building was lost. In addition, the church received a simple organ. In 1604 the almost 47 meter high tower, which had been occupied by a tower keeper since 1434, was supplemented with the clock floor. This brought its proportions into line with the raised aisles. After a renovation in 1614, a fourth floor and today's "Welsche" hood with a small lantern was added.

After the Thirty Years' War, which the church survived largely unscathed (devices and church decorations were donated by benefactors), the town church received a small new organ in 1670 and a large church organ was purchased in 1671. The choir was built in 1695.

Life-size stone apostle figures in front of the central nave columns were removed during a renovation in 1676.

In 1670, according to Döllner, the body of the margrave's wife Erdmuthe Sophie von Sachsen was buried in the princely crypt (in 1702 the remains of the margravine Sophie Luise von Württemberg, the wife of Christian Ernst (Brandenburg-Bayreuth ) followed.

In 1812 the princely crypt was removed (the family crypt in front of the high altar of the town church, which was filled in in 1820 or 1821 and whose figurines depict the “cleaning mania”) with 22 members of the Hohenzollern family , most recently the daughter of Friedrich Christian, the nephew of the since 1685 in Neustadt (at the top Gate at the site of the later Schmeißer brewery restaurant and where Prince Karl August von Brandenburg-Kulmbach (half-brother of Georg Albrecht ) was buried in the family crypt in 1731 , and the rest of the crypts during the remodeling of 1819/1820. A "Mount of Olives" at the church, probably created in 1438, was destroyed around 1820 as part of the redesign, along with grave monuments and - apart from an epitaph of the Seckendorff family - memorial plaques and a sacrament house at the Hospital Church. The original painted glass window panes fell, like donated glass paintings from other churches and the grammar school, probably art-hostile iconoclasts in 1820 as well as figures on the altar and a coat of arms of the superintendent Räthel and his wife and defective specimens that were put back were sent to Munich for repair in 1830 but not back again and investigations into the whereabouts made in 1938/39 were unsuccessful. The half-timbered floors were replaced by sandstone masonry and the side aisle windows were raised. Further renovations took place in 1923, 1932 and 1971/72. The last interior renovation - with the pulpit being moved to the left - took place in 1978–1980 under the direction of the Ansbach government building director Helmut Thaller. A new church organ was added in 1982 .

The late Gothic winged altar of the church, made around 1495 in Nuremberg, shows a three-part carving with a scene from the Mount of Olives , a crucifixion group and a representation of the resurrection of Jesus Christ . The predella underneath shows, among other things, the Hohenzollern coat of arms (of Frederick the Old or Frederick II of Saxony and Albrecht Achilles) and the Saxon coat of arms of Anna of Brandenburg-Saxony , who with her son Friedrich V or her husband Albrecht Achilles Had donated the altar. The high altar of the parish church was created by master Veit Wirsberger, who was also active in Eichstätt. The collapsible blind wings of the altar were restored after the looting and destruction in 1553, but have been lost since the "Restoration" in 1874. The neo-Gothic pulpit, which was attached in 1882, comes from the workshop of the Nuremberg builder Georg Eberlein , who had already carried out an order from Dean Linde in 1873 to restore the high altar in the town church. The pulpit is carried by a figure of Moses from an earlier pulpit donated by Councilor Eisen, which was carved in 1616 by the Windsheim artist Georg Brenck (father and / or son).

On October 7, 1850, following a suggestion and violent resistance in 1821, a presbyterial constitution was introduced for the parish.

In the 19th century the citizens of Neustadt were obliged to carry out a guard duty on the tower of the city church. Originally, these urban guards, some of whom were also required to be on guard duty in the suburbs, had to sound a horn every two hours during the night watch and then sing "Listen, sir, and let me tell you [...]" (Already in the Middle Ages there was a mandatory guard duty for citizens, from which, however, the members of the inner council were exempt from 1460). A night policeman was hired in 1903 and it was not until 1906 that the fire station was finally transferred to city employees.

The church library

The Protestant community in Neustadt has a church library that has existed since 1525. The basis of the Neustädter church library was originally the library of the Franciscan monastery of St. Wolfgang in Riedfeld, where Elias Levita introduced the humanist Konrad Pellikan, who had come from Pforzheim, to the Hebrew language and literature after Pellikan had stayed at the monastery of St. Wolfgang with his provincial. The Neustädter Library was built during the Peasants' War, after monks from the Riedfeld Monastery of St. Wolfgang, which burned out on May 16, 1525 (according to the Julian calendar), fled to Würzburg for fear of rebellious peasants and had previously moved their valuable writings to Neustadt to one of Parish priest Lang had brought safe space above the sacristy of the city church. The Franciscans did not return to Neustadt and after the city had joined the Reformation in 1528, there was no Catholic clergy there and until 1769 there was also no Catholic worship and the church was reorganized in 1533. The book inventory was then supplemented by old missals (missals) and rituals (custom books) as well as homilies (sermon instructions) from the town church, hospital church, palace chapel, cemetery chapel and St. Michaels -Kärnter ( ossuary ). The virtually abandoned Riedfeld collection of scriptures was built up as a library through the work of the deacon Friedrich Weigel, who went to school in Neustadt until 1540 and trained in Heilsbronn , and the pastor Magister Caspar Hubmeier (who played a key role in the restoration of the church and was then transferred to Gerhardshofen in 1564 was) as well as the "first librarian" Georg Leutner, who came from Ansbach and was the first dean from 1564. Leutner had made donations for the library through relationships with scholars he had previously met in Ansbach, some of which came from monastery libraries (e.g. from St. Gumbert in Ansbach , St. Wunibald in Heidenheim and St. Augustin in Langenzenn ). Under Leutner, a stately deanery building (formerly superintendent) was built on Schlossplatz in 1589. Leutner's successors were Hagen, Gröller, Menzel and from 1612 to 1626 the dean and "second father of the church library" Landes, who rearranged the library and expanded it by almost 1,000 volumes.

Until 1679, Dean Martin (or Johann Caspar) Schneider (* 1636; † 1680 in Ipsheim; Dean in Neustadt from 1670), who was pastor in Altheim (Dietersheim) before his time in Neustadt, expanded the library from his own collections and among other things with foreign-language literature (After a dispute with the archdeacon Wagner, who had been active since 1672, Schneider was dismissed from service by margrave commissioners in 1679 due to a "sharp inquisition" that took place in 1678 - in 1678 the " iconoclast " Schneider had some apostles in the town church removed was dismissed from his service in 1682 and dismissed and expelled from the country the following year). Writings by Elias Levita along with other Hebrew works have also been added to the church library by Schneider.

Neustadt's HA Stockfleht took over the library for four years as the first superintendent for the merged deaneries Neustadt and Baiersdorf (after the hospital pastor Johann (es) Ritter, who became superattendens in 1528), in 1679, but in no way successfully before he was transferred away. The holdings of the church library were cataloged in 1690 on behalf of Stockfleth's successor, the dean or superintendent Johann Georg Layritz , by archdeacon Matthias Salomon Schnizzer - among other things, under Stockfleth's supervision, to identify valuable documents that had "disappeared" and to prevent future misappropriation. Thanks to the Dean of Land, who developed the library from 1612 to 1626, the library had around 2000 numbers. Most of the holdings acquired under Landes came from the legal scholar and Kastner (Georg) Ludwig Leuchsner (born on February 24, 1578 in Markt Bibart, son of a Leuchsner who worked as a caste administrator in Neustadt from 1587 to 1593, on his mother's side a grandson of the Neustadt Kastner Johann Weickersreuther) , the Kastner (box office man) and councilor Johannes Kammerer, who gave his library in 1617 (as a representative of the governor in 1598 he participated in the city council election and as a lawyer he supported the captain von Groß, who was also chairman of the imperial district court in Ansbach, at the permanent Reichstag in Regensburg), who donated his large library to the school in July 1617 (whose library was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War, but remains of which are said to have reached the church library), and to the doctor Hieronymus Fabritius. After Stockfleth there were only about 1000 numbers.

Later, the collection of manuscripts, books and pictures from Matthias Salomon's grandson Georg Matthäus Schnizzer (1717–1806), who had studied theology in Erlangen, Wittenberg and Bayreuth from 1747 to 1755 and was superintendent from 1766 or 1768 to 1805, became extremely popular committed care. Like his grandfather, he complained that "many of the monks' manuscripts had been misappropriated". From his own holdings, he expanded the library extensively (for example with the Schnizzer family records, a valuable Franciscan district and an edition of the Schedel Chronicle). In addition, a church history of Eusebius, which was initially missing and was donated to the monastery of St. Wolfgang von Ellwanger in 1519, and other valuable manuscripts and incunabula, including a "Koburg Book of the Dead", came to the church library. A bookcase set up by Georg Matthäus Schnizzer in 1780 could be preserved and used well into the 21st century.

As Max Döllner warned in 1950 at the latest, a scholarly study of the valuable library holdings is still pending. In addition to classics and authors such as Mohammed , Felix Hemmerlin and Hans von Gersdorff, as well as a Low German devotional book and an edition of the “ Witch's Hammer ”, the inventory of the Protestant parish includes more than 5000 numbers, as well as three letters written by Martin Luther himself, which, however, are sent to the regional church archive in Nuremberg were spent, as well as about 240 manuscripts.

Evangelical Lutheran deanery

Superintendents and deans

• Johannes Ritter, Superattendens hospital pastor from 1528
• Georg Leutner, from 1564 dean for the middle Aischgrund
• Landes, dean from 1612 to 1626, reorganizer of the church library, who also sent his own stock of books; also botanists and gardeners
• Friedrich Schirmer, dean around 1632
• Rhau, dean, patron of the school and Caesareus poeta laureatus ("laurel-crowned imperial poet")
  • Hellmaier († 1652), monk from Bavaria, syndiacon or deacon
• Martin Schneider (1636–1680), superintendent, successor to Rhaus from 1674 to 1679
• Heinrich Arnold Stockfleth (1643–1708), from February 15, 1679 to August 19, 1683 superintendent of the superintendent of the Unterland in Neustadt established for him by amalgamating the Neustadt and Baiersdorf deaneries
• Braunwald or Brauwald, of the Margravine Sophie Luise von Württemberg (lived from 1671 to 1702 in Neustädter Schloss) superintendent from 1683 until he was transferred to one due to "negligence" (and "infidelity with the church estate"), however Post-Easter office rejected by Braunwald (and then accepted by the Neustädter Archidiakon Richter) after Easter 1688
• Matthias Salomon Schnizzer, archdeacon 1686 to 1734, opponent of Pietism and chronicler of Neustadt
• Johann Georg Layritz (1647–1716), superintendent from 1688 to 1698 (in 1697 or 1698 he was appointed to the court in Weimar)
• Wolfgang Chr. Räthel (or Raethel), 1698 to 1729, court and field preacher of Margrave Christian Ernst (Brandenburg-Bayreuth) and accompanying him in the war in 1704 and 1707 , opponent of pietism, superintendent (since 1701) and operator of a parish widow and -Orphanage in Langenfelder Gasse, which was used for school purposes from 1729 and in whose new building Räthel suffered an accident that gradually led to his death
• Johann Adam Steinmetz (1689–1762), 1730 to autumn 1732 superintendent
• Joh. Chr. Lerche, 1733 to 1768, superintendent, brother of the Russian councilor Lerche
• Laur. Weidner, 1734 to 1744, senior chapter, deacon and archdeacon
• Georg Matthäus Schnizzer (1717–1806), 1766/1768 to 1805/1806 superintendent, grandson of Matthias Salomon
• Georg Sam. Schmidt, 1806 to 1820 (dean from December 7, 1810)
• Chr. E. Prinzing, dean from 1821 to 1854 (board member of the Liedertafel 1835 to 1837?)
• Me. Schaufler, syndiacon
• Johann Friedrich Christoph Bauer (1803–1873), dean from 1855 to 1873
• Joh. Friedrich Linde, 1873 to 1886
• Max Herold, church councilor and writer, dean from 1903 to 1920
• Richard Pfeiffer (1867–1943), church councilor and writer, dean from 1920 to 1934
• Max Herold, 1934 to 1938
• Adolf Müller, 1980 to 1995
• Matthias Ewelt, 2010 to 2017
• Ursula Brecht, from 2017

Catholic parish church of St. Johannis Beheading

St. John's beheading

In the first half of the 19th century, the Neustädter Catholics held their services in a room of the castle barracks and, after 1829, according to a proposal by Dean Prinzing and an agreement of the, which was valid until 1845 (and which was demonstrably practiced until 1842), parsons from Ullstadt Hospital church used jointly with the Protestants. Around 1870 there were 159 (civil) Catholics in 37 families in the city. Since only 27 of their 38 children went to school in Neustadt, an application for a separate Catholic school was rejected by the city council on April 13, 1871. The Catholic Church at Ansbacher Strasse 3 was built in Gothic style from July 1881 on the property bought by the Catholic parish of the city on August 11, 1874, diagonally opposite the Zieglerschen Schäferei and on October 20, 1883 by Archbishop Friedrich von Schreiber from Bamberg, inaugurated primarily with musical support from Protestant fellow citizens. The curate Michael Sebald laid the foundation stone. The rectory belonging to the church was completed in 1885. The Pfarrkuratie Neustadt in 1920 for the parish of St. John collected (1942 belonged to the 863 souls comprehensive parish next to the area of the district court Neustadt also Emskirchen with Schauerberg and Wilhelmsdorf and Altheim and Ipsheim). The church has a three-aisled stepped hall with a raised choir, a way of the cross with 14 stations set up in 1890 (as a gift from the Würzburg Cross Brotherhood), a large crucifix made around 1500 and a 37 meter high bell tower. The church building received its stained glass windows with tracery in 1918/19.

City wall and towers

"Bleached Door"

The city wall made of Cadolzburg sandstone used to have 16 towers and a walkway covered with loopholes in the 18th century. Since the 19th century there has been the “bleaching door” in the wall, a walking access to the laundry bleaching facility, where in the 19th century (between the powder tower and the “Terziateck”) the dyers (such as Strotz and Taglauer, whose dye works existed until 1898) used their drying stands had set up. For fear of the approach of the Prussians, the small bleached door was bricked up in 1866 at the behest of the local commandant. The “Bürgerstraf” (Bürgerstraf), a pond that was once also used for fish farming (now the Bleichweiher, formerly the Kugletweiher), is located near the “Naschkorb (Weiher)” and is now a dilapidated tower (incorrectly referred to as the “Torture Tower”) ) to detain citizens. The “peasant punishment” for non-citizens and foreigners, however, was located in a small vault (“vault”) of the former fortress (“Vronfeste”) on the “cellar hill” and was later built into the lower part of the thick tower called “card mixer” been. In addition to those mentioned, a number of other towers were found or can be found in the city: The Obere or Nürnberger Tor, the Säuturm located on the outer city wall path (which served to protect the mill pond, through which the water of the Upper Strahlbach, known as the "Katzenweiher", to the city mill Grabenmühle ), the corridor storm named after its owner (a corridor guard), restored in 1977, the bird storm also named after the owner (now canceled), the corner tower or shepherd's tower (formerly the shepherd's apartment of the town's own (carried out by the hospital until 1869) and from 1844 with a new bull stable south of the Windsheimer Tor until 1871 operated bull keeping), the Windsheimer Tor, the Langenfelder Tor, the tower of the New Castle (later elementary school) and the Diespecker Tor.

Bleach pond

Bleach pond

In the last third of the 19th century, the Kugletweiher (also known as Naschkorbweiher), located between the Powder Tower and Tertiateck, also known as Tertiat (northwest corner of the former Seckendorff Schlösschen), was transformed into a stately complex by the Neustädter Beautification Association and under the direction of Forester Scheuing Bleach and Bleach Pond. After being drained by the city administration in the first half of the 19th century as part of the drainage of forificatory waters in front of the southern city wall, in contrast to the unregulated Kugletweiher, it could be used as an ice rink again.

Evangelical Lutheran cemetery in Neustadt ad Aisch

Cemetery church

The cemetery and the cemetery chapel of the Royal Court Riedfeld located at the site of the former church of St. Martin (popularly the "Käppella" even "little monastery") belonged to the Franciscan Riedfeld with the Church St. Wolfgang on the left Aischufer about (the same time as St. Wolfgang was There is also a chapel of St. Agatha, also located on the banks of the Aisch, which the Franciscans have converted into the main church of their monastery ). On the site of the former Franciscan monastery of St. Wolfgang, operated by around ten Barefoot Franciscans from 1458 to 1525 , which was no longer rebuilt after the fire in 1525 during the Peasants' War, in 1584 on the property given to the city by the margrave (the sovereign) and with his approval, the remains of the convent building were first removed and then today's cemetery was created around the preserved monastery church (which became the property of the Protestant church foundation and was the burial place of all town residents - apart from Jewish residents, who had a cemetery above Diespeck on the way to Dettendorf owned). Before that, burials took place in Neustadt in the "Kirchhof" of the town church, which the Carinthians used as the "Gottesacker Chapel", which was repaired in 1494 . The former small monastery church received a new roof and a small bell tower for its conversion as a cemetery chapel.

In 1725, with the support of Superintendent Räthel, the cemetery chapel was rebuilt. The chamber councilor (from 1714 accountant) Beck (1657–1741) with his wife Sibylla, nee. Weißmann, and his relatives, the widow of Mayor Weißmann (latinized to Albinus by one of his descendants), Mrs. Weißmann, née Hammerschmidt, had been financed. The foundation walls from the Franciscan era were also used. On August 7th, 1725, the new chapel was consecrated under the name of the Ascension of Christ . Shortly after 1810, the cemetery was expanded towards the Aisch; several additional enlargements had subsequently been carried out. From 1831 Catholics could also be buried there. Donated by the Hofmann-Dieckmann family, the cemetery received a new gate and a new funeral hall in 1906. In front of the cemetery is a war memorial for the approximately 200 fallen and missing Neustadt residents of the First World War (1914/18), which was first completed in 1924 and equipped with four steles (corresponding to the four years of the war).

Architectural monuments

→ Main article : List of architectural monuments in Neustadt an der Aisch

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  "Kärnter" (ossuary) , formerly the Michael chapel built into a wall on the north side of the former cemetery around the current city church. Renovated in 1557 and increased by one floor to accommodate the church servant and rebuilt in 1824 by a third floor (for preparatory school and as a teacher's apartment).

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  "Round Tower" or Maschikeles Tower at the Old Castle

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  Tower of the city church

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  Scherzer memorial

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  War memorial on the avenue (for the fallen and missing of the unification war of 1870/71)

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  At the bastion
  The bastion was a fortification that was built in the 16th century and placed in front of the Nuremberg Gate. The attached half-timbered house dates from the 19th century

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  Schauflerturm or Schauflersturm, with loopholes

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  Powder tower (powder storage of the merchants with key notches )

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  Marketplace

Stumbling blocks

Stumbling blocks at the school center

There are some stumbling blocks at the school center at Comeniusstrasse 4 .

→ Main article : List of stumbling blocks in Neustadt an der Aisch

Musical life

• Stadtkapelle Frankenland (musical direction: Matthias Eckart), founded as an orchestra in 1970 on the initiative of Jaroslav “Jarko” List and raised to the status of a city band in 1984. (First chairwoman from 2018: Marion von Poschinger)
• Pro musica sponsorship group
• Neustädter Schlosshofkonzerte in the inner courtyard of the old castle
• Music school in the district of Neustadt ad Aisch-Bad Windsheim
• Clarinet making

Regular events

Every year, two weeks after Pentecost, takes place on the existing since about 1900 fairground known via the Aischgrund addition, "New Town parish fair," the regional, also called "fifth season" fair place (previously, after a long break until 1696 , the market square center of the Neustädter Kirchweih). A little later, the German-Italian Wine Festival, which is intended to deepen the town twinning with Montespertoli in Tuscany, follows in the same place . There is a regular spring and autumn festival. The Heimatfest is celebrated every ten years, most recently in 2010. In the summer months, the Neustädter Schlosshof concerts enrich the cultural life in the city. Every four years (alternating with Bad Windsheim, Uffenheim and Scheinfeld) the Aischgründer Beer Festival on the Aischgründer Bierstraße is celebrated on the market square . Since 2009 takes place at the fairground regularly a nationwide Magirus-Deutz - commercial vehicles meeting place. The annual excursion of the local vintage car interest group, which starts from Neustadt's market square, has enriched the event year since the 1990s.

Neustadthalle (the former municipal gymnasium and former riding school)

One of the main event locations in Neustadt is the Neustadthalle, which emerged from the former riding and gymnasium.

Economy and Infrastructure

Companies

Insemination club

• Background: One located in Ipsheim, emerged from the royal stables in 1827 Beschälstation was initiated by the industrial and Kultuvereins laid in 1837 with a stock of four stallions to Neustadt, where she initially "on the winery", then in the Gasthaus zur Sonne further and Places was housed. In 1848, Neustadt and Uffenheim formed one of the four peeling stations in Middle Franconia. The accommodation spaces the Neustadt station operational built gate before Diespecker and 1842 related as penitentiary brewers Ficht compared to the 1,840 in 1850 Fronfeste under city management. From 1904 onwards there was a “Regiebullenhaltung” merged with the Rößleinsdorf (responsible for the suburbs) in Neustadt (the “Städtische Regie-Bullenhaltung” later continued to promote the collective licensing introduced in the Neustadt district ).
• History: The insemination association was founded in 1948 .

Company building of Franken Brunnen GmbH & Co. KG in Neustadt

Franken Brunnen GmbH & Co. KG

In Bamberger Straße, Franken Brunnen pumps water from artificially drilled mineral springs.

Printing and publishing

Nürnberger Straße 31, part of the building of the Ph. CW Schmidt publishing house

Neustadt's first printer known by name, apart from Sebald Feiel , who emigrated in 1479 , was Christian Redelhammer (or Redelhauer) around 1670, Johann Leonhard Mylius from Nuremberg from 1684 to 1686, followed by Johann Christoph Drechsler, who had a Bible with copperplate engravings, and an equally good one in 1685 executed work on The Kings of Denmark Life printed. Around 1698 there was the printer, draftsman, wood cutter and lawyer Johann Christoph Frisch's book printing, for whom Philipp Jacob Frisch worked as a copperplate engraver. A Hornung book printing company existed until 1722. That of Frisch, as well as the printing house of Drechsler, who moved to Schweinfurt in 1696 , and that built by the Helmhack brothers around 1710, had already disappeared in 1715. Layritz wanted to set up a new one to publish classics in place of the Hornung printing company, but was unable to realize his plan, which was completed by 1740, since his financier, Governor Bergkhofer, died. From 1780 to 1792 the "Commercienkommissär" Riedel had settled in Neustadt as a privileged bookseller with the prerogative of the sole trade in printed works before he moved to Schweinfurt. On February 4, 1828, the printer Georg Friedrich Daniel Heydner , who came from Königsberg in East Prussia and was enrolled there at the university and who came to Neustadt from Nuremberg in 1827, received the concession for an initially in the "Winterung" (basement of the "Schlösschen" in the courtyard, where orange and lemon trees were formerly housed for the winter), then a printing press set up on the market square. The company initially only produced calendars (the entertaining calendar still existed in 1828 ) and from July 4, 1831 also a newspaper ("Wochenblatt", the predecessor of the later "Gazette") for Neustadt. From the Heydner company, who died on September 5, 1837 at the age of 41, the Ph. CW Schmidt printing house, which still exists today, emerged. In 1831 the Schmidt printing plant was established in Neustadt. The later company was named after the book printer owner and occasional poet Philipp Christoph Wilhelm Schmidt, the son and successor of the Bayreuth-born book printer Christoph Wilhelm Schmidt, who married Heydner's widow in 1930 and thus continued his printing business. Important works were, for example, contributions to the history of the war in 1814 and 1815 by Franz von Soden and Geschichtliche Nachrichten by local researcher Georg Ludwig Lehnes as well as epigrammatic experiments by Johann Christian Auernhammer (= Christian Wallis, 1793–1862), a teacher at the Neustädter Latin school. Founded in 1832 by Johann Caspar Engelhardt, who worked as mayor from 1840 to 1860, a representative of the church administration (e.g. at the general synod in 1840) and since 1841 a representative of the liberal dean Bauer (1803–1873), who first worked in Bamberg and later in Neustadt Bookstore Engelhardt (Nürnberger Straße) partly took over the publishing house for printing works of the printing company Ph. CW Schmidt .

Fritz Schmidt (1878-1954) owned the printer and newspaper editor during the Nazi era. Between 1923 and 1932, he opposed the NSDAP's influence in the Neustädter Gazette , although his and other publishers and editors were the main opponents according to Schmidt's wife Else Schmidt certain Schöller ( Julius Streicher's "tool" Fritz Schöller, who wanted to completely eliminate the provincial press) was. Later, however, the announcement sheet increasingly became the mouthpiece of the National Socialists. Until 1933 Fritz and his eldest son Moritz Schmidt had the editorial team together and under their own responsibility. After three days in custody, Schmidt was forced to join the NSDAP to prevent his newspaper from merging with the Nuremberg party press (represented by Max Fink, director of the Nordbayerische Zeitung ). In 1934 Schmidt pointed out that the Neustädter Anzeigeeblatt , which Julius Streicher had wanted to revoke the status of an official gazette since the late summer of 1933, was more widespread with 900 readers than the Franconian daily newspaper (produced by the Nordbayerische Zeitung printer) with 115th from February 1938 the newspaper's content is monitored by a chief editor appointed by the party.

The office building of the Schmidt printing works on Nürnberger Strasse was destroyed by an aerial bomb on April 5, 1945. The reconstruction took place, beginning under Fritz Schmidt, from 1945 to 1948.

The Neustädter Anzeigeeblatt has been the oldest daily newspaper for the Aischgrund and the Steigerwald since the 19th century by Verlag Schmidt and went from the weekly newspaper of the city of Neustadt an der first published on July 4, 1831 on the initiative of Georg Friedrich Daniel Heydner (see above) Aisch out. After Heydner died on September 5, 1837 and his widow had married the book printer Christoph Wilhelm Schmidt from Bayreuth in 1839, the Schmidt family, who now owned the printing and newspaper, developed from the former weekly newspaper in January 1863 into Neustädter, which appeared twice a week Ortsblatt , from which from January 12, 1885 the Neustädter Gazette appeared four times a week . and took on the character of a daily newspaper (in 1885 there was also a Neustädter Tageblatt published by another site for three months ). In addition to the Neustädter announcement sheet , the announcement sheet of the city of Neustadt a. A. , at the same time the official journal of the Kgl. Bazirksamtes Neustadt and the Kgl. District courts Neustadt a. A. and Markt Erlbach . The Neustädter Anzeigeeblatt was then published five times a week from 1892 and six times a week on weekdays from December 9, 1912. The "Official Journal" was included in it from 1912. In 1889 Wilhelm Renz's printing works opened in Ludwigstrasse, named after Ludwig II (in gratitude for his decision to let the Nuremberg-Würzburg railway line run via Neustadt) .

movie theater

From 1907 to 1911, the photographer Ortwein ran a movie theater at Wilhelmstrasse 37. Before that there were only traveling cinemas that offered cinematographic screenings at the parish fair, in Neustadt in 1919 those of the Munich company Oro in the former brewery (that of the owners of the Franconian court became the hall had expanded), established chamber light games with 180 seats and on June 26, 1919 the first screening took place. Since 2011, Neustadt has again had a movie theater in Unteren Waaggasse 1 with the NEA cinema .

Banking

Sparkasse on the market square in Neustadt an der Aisch

Neustadt had an important banking system, since the margravial trade mostly ran via Nuremberg or Hof, not before the 19th century; only a certain plowman is proven to be a banker in 1739. A health insurance scheme for servants and journeymen was established in Neustadt in 1833. A savings bank was opened in 1835. Especially after a redesign carried out in 1906 and under the direction of the later mayor Leonhard Bankel, who was in office from 1921 (from January 10, 1907, he was a savings bank administrator), this developed very successfully (as a savings bank in the district of Neustadt ad Aisch - Bad Windsheim it still has always based in Neustadt). From 1906 the administration of all existing foundations in Neustadt was transferred from the council members to the municipal savings bank treasurer, who carried out this activity on behalf of the mayor from 1919. The Neustädter Sparkasse received a new building in 1935/1936 as the “prototype of the Franconian Sparkasse”.

At the site of the former inn "Green Tree" whose host had operated JG Mengnin 1742-1747 a posting station in Neustadt, stands since April 28, 1845 Branch of 1774 was the first financial institution in francs and Castellsche credit fund established Castell-Bank , which already 1842 (elsewhere in Neustadt) had set up a branch before opening the Neustädter branch of the Kitzinger banking house Joh. Mich. Meyer had bought up. On February 2, 1904, the trade association founded in 1894 had set up its own credit cooperative, but it could not hold up and whose customers were accepted by the Castellsche Creditkasse (a special craftsmen's cooperative was formed on May 28, 1900).

VR bank

On June 26, 1878, a credit association was opened as a registered cooperative , followed on February 19, 1891 by the Raiffeisen Association , which was then called the “Loan Association” (eGmbH) and later the savings and loan association . The loan association from 1878 later went up in the branch of the Munich Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechselbank, which settled in Neustadt in 1923 after it had bought the Bayerische Diskonto-Wechselbank and its branch in Neustadt. A subsidiary of the Bayerische Vereinsbank ran its business for eight years in the rooms of an “advance payment association” that did not actually do any banking. Other credit institutions, above all private companies, also usually only lasted a short time.

Healthcare

The municipal company Kliniken des Neustadt an der Aisch - Bad Windsheim operates the district's clinics and a medical care center in Neustadt ad Aisch and Bad Windsheim.

traffic

Street

In Neustadt the federal highways B 8 towards Nuremberg or Würzburg and B 470 towards Bad Windsheim or Höchstadt an der Aisch meet. The state road 2255 runs south through Schellert to Erlbach . Communal roads lead to Unterschweinach and Unterstrahlbach .

rail

→ Main article: Rail traffic in Neustadt an der Aisch

Route network of the Middle Franconia

Neustadt (Aisch) Mitte stop

The Neustadt (Aisch) train station is located on the western edge of the town and is regularly used by the Mainfrankenbahn and Mittelfrankenbahn . From the Nuremberg – Würzburg railway line branches off to the west of the station, the line to Steinach bei Rothenburg , to the east of the station the former line to Demantsfürth-Uehlfeld (which was built in 1902 for passenger traffic until May 1976 as the Aisch Valley Railway and for goods traffic until 1993) Aischtalbahnbrücke in Neustadt was demolished in 2016). The Neustadt (Aisch) -Mitte stop , which is centrally located in the town and which is only used by the Mainfrankenbahn every hour, is particularly important for school traffic as it is close to the school center. In contrast to the “ Hauptbahnhof ”, it is now barrier-free.

aviation

The Neustadt / Aisch airfield special airfield (EDQN) is located two kilometers west of the town center . A 600 m long runway enables air traffic for aircraft up to 5700 kg takeoff weight.

One of the gliding pioneers in Neustadt since 1931 was the Neustadt-born commercial instructor and later director of the vocational school Sigmund Groh (1896–1954), who was a member of the German Aviation Association (from 1937 National Socialist Aviation Corps ) and from whom the cover of Adolf Meyer's book Mit Adolf Hitler was in the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 List .

education

schools

• Friedrich-Alexander-Gymnasium
• Dietrich Bonhoeffer secondary school
• Comenius elementary school
• Elementary School Neues Schloss (former central school building)
• Middle School at the Tower
• State vocational school Neustadt ad Aisch - Bad Windsheim (existing as a vocational school since 1930, housed in the then new central school building and emerged from the municipal vocational training school founded in 1921 with industrial and commercial departments)
• BVS training center of the Bavarian Administration School in Neustadt ad Aisch
• Volkshochschule Neustadt ad Aisch - Bad Windsheim

Museums and Archives

• Museum area Old Margravial Castle :
  • Margrave Museum
  • Aischgründer Carp Museum
  • Children's play worlds exhibition
• Bavarian State Aerial Photo Center with State Aerial Photo Archive and permanent exhibition

Associations and corporations under public law

• Bund Naturschutz in Bayern
• Bavarian Red Cross
• History and local history association

Sports

In 1907 the Neustadt tennis club was founded. The associated tennis court was located on the sports field (today the fairground on the Herrenbergen) next to the old shooting house on Aischsteg, which was set up in 1829/1834 (in 1838 a new building was built on the northeast corner of the square, which houses both the garrison and the Landwehr as well as the shooting society that still exists today was made available). The Neustädter Waldbad is an open-air swimming pool that is also known beyond the district boundary .

From 1929 a municipal toboggan run was operated. The bleach pond offers opportunities for ice skating and ice shooting.

Personalities

→ Main article : List of personalities from the city of Neustadt an der Aisch

See also

• State administration Neustadt an der Aisch

literature

Monographs

• Matthias Salomon Schnizzer: Chronica of the city of Neustatt an der Aysch. 1708 (and 1938), Ph. CW Schmidt publishing house, Neustadt an der Aisch, 2nd unchanged edition. 1978, ISBN 3-87707-012-4 .
• Max Döllner : Development history of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch up to 1933. Ph. C. W. Schmidt, Neustadt a. d. Aisch 1950, OCLC 42823280 ; New edition to mark the 150th anniversary of the Ph. C. W. Schmidt publishing house, Neustadt an der Aisch 1828–1978. Ibid 1978, ISBN 3-87707-013-2 .
• Max Döllner: On the early history of Riedfeld and Neustadt an der Aisch. The Franconian settlement and Christianization of the Aisch valley and its neighborhood. Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1939.
• Alfons Kalb: History of the high school in Neustadt ad Aisch. 1st part: until the year 1730. 2nd part: beginnings of the Princely School. (= Scientific supplement to the annual report of the Progymnasium Neustadt / Aisch ) Ph.CWSchmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1919–1920 - around 1920, Kalb was the director of studies in Neustadt.
• Karl Ströbel with the participation of Hans Heubeck, Hanns Kügler, Karl Seyboth (annual report 1931), Fritz Schöller (annual report 1932) and Fritz Erlwein: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch. The development of the local group Neustadt ad A. of the NSDAP (further headings and subtitles: Chronicle started in the Third Reich in the sense of our Führer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler. Chronicle of our local group Neustadt an der Aisch. Founded March 16, 1923. ) G. Emmerich, Dresden 1938; Edition in: Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 283–365.
• City of Neustadt ad Aisch, Committee I for the Heimatfest 1980 (ed.): Neustadt an der Aisch. Printing house Ph. C. W. Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1980.
• G. Limbacher: Evang. Luth. Stadtkirche Neustadt ad Aisch (= Little Art Guide. 1488). Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1984.
• Wolfgang Mück: In the middle of Franconia: Neustadt an der Aisch. Political, economic and cultural center in Aischgrund (= publications of the Society for Franconian History eV, Würzburg. Series XIII, New Year's Papers. Issue 42). Degener & Co., Neustadt ad Aisch 1999; 2nd, expanded edition, ibid 2001, ISBN 3-7686-9260-4 .
• Georg Ludwig Lehnes : Neustadt ad Aisch. A memorial to the burn down that happened two hundred years ago. Neustadt an der Aisch 1834 ( scan in Google book search); 2nd edition, ed. by Fritz Schmidt, ibid, 1921.
• Wolfgang Mück: Nazi stronghold in Middle Franconia: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch 1922–1933 (= highlights from local history. Special volume 4). Verlag Philipp Schmidt, 2016, ISBN 978-3-87707-990-4 .

items

• Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Neustadt an der Aisch . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 2 : El-H . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1800, DNB  790364298 , OCLC 833753081 , Sp. 782-783 ( digitized version ).
• Hanns Hubert Hofmann : Neustadt-Windsheim (=  Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Franconia . I, 2). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1953, DNB  452071216 , p. 116 ( digitized version ). Ibid. S.  188 ( digitized version ).
• Enrique Otte, Jakob and Hans Cromberger and Lazarus Nürnberger, the founders of the German American trade in: Mitteilungen des Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg (MGVN) 52, 1963/64, p. 129.
• Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 160-161 .
• Hans Sponholz et al. (Ed.): District Neustadt an der Aisch . Verl. F. Authorities and Economy Hoeppner, Aßling-Pörsdorf / Obb. 1972, DNB  720137675 , p. 60-69 .
• Richard Strobel: District Neustadt an der Aisch (=  Bavarian art monuments . Volume 32 ). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1972, DNB  730125742 , p. 128-148 .
• Pleikard Joseph Stumpf : Neustadt . In: Bavaria: a geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the kingdom; for the Bavarian people . Second part. Munich 1853, p. 743-744 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Neustadt an der Aisch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Neustadt an der Aisch  - Sources and full texts

• Website of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch
• Entry on the coat of arms of Neustadt an der Aisch  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Neustadt an der Aisch in the historical directory of the association for computer genealogy
• Neustadt an der Aisch: Official statistics of the LfStat

Remarks

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm} Max Döllner: Development history of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch until 1933. 1950.
3. ↑ Neustadt an der Aisch in the Bavaria Atlas
4. ^ Neustadt an der Aisch in the local database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bavarian State Library
5. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Chance finds and extensions. ( Online version ).
6. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Local history excursion in and around Neustadt / Aisch. Neustadt an der Aisch with all sights, gates, towers and walls. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 152 ( online version ).
7. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 536 .
8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 724 .
9. ↑ ^{a b c d} Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were designated as fireplaces , in 1840 as houses , and from 1871 to 1987 as residential buildings.
10. ↑ ^{a b} Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkreise according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 64 ( digitized version ). For the community of Neustadt plus the residents and buildings of Fallmeisterei (p. 25), Kohlenmühle (p. 49), Lohmühle (p. 56), Riedfeld (p. 76), Rösleinsdorf (p. 76), Obermühle (p.) , Unterstrahlbach (p. 96) and Waasenmühle (p. 98).
11. ^ ^{A b} Eduard Vetter (Ed.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 194-195 ( digitized version ).
12. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality directory: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 179 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized ).
13. ↑ ^{a b} Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1057-1060 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
14. ↑ ^{a b} Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1222 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digital copy ).
15. ↑ ^{a b} K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1156-1157 ( digitized version ).
16. ↑ ^{a b} K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1229 ( digitized version ).
17. ↑ ^{a b} Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1267 ( digitized version ).
18. ↑ ^{a b} Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1100 ( digitized version ).
19. ↑ ^{a b} Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 807 ( digitized version ).
20. ↑ ^{a b} Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 175 ( digitized version ).
21. ↑ ^{a b} Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 339 ( digitized version ).
22. ^ General local elections on March 16, 2014 in the Neustadt adAisch-Bad Windsheim district. Election of the city council of Neustadt adAisch. ( Memento from March 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: wahlen.kreis-nea.de, accessed on April 25, 2019.
23. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The mayors of the city of Neustadt from 1818-2020. Neustadt an der Aisch ( online version ).
24. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The mayors of the city of Neustadt from 1818-2020. Neustadt an der Aisch ( online version ).
25. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The mayors of the city of Neustadt from 1818-2020. Neustadt an der Aisch ( online version ).
26. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The mayors of the city of Neustadt from 1818-2020. Neustadt an der Aisch ( online version ).
27. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The mayors of the city of Neustadt from 1818-2020. Neustadt an der Aisch ( online version ).
28. ↑ Cf. also Gernot Schmidt: Local history excursion in and around Neustadt / Aisch. Neustadt an der Aisch with all sights, gates, towers and walls. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 139 (watercolor by Valetin Distel, 1920), 140 (painting by Wilhelm Funk, the teacher and drawing teacher at the Progymnasium. Cf. Max Döllner (1950), p. 671.) and 146 (woodcuts by Valentin Fürstenhöfer and Wilhelm Funk) - online version .
29. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Plate Nürnberger Tor.
30. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, p. 14–52 (Das Nürnberger Tor) , here: p. 14 .
31. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, pp. 115–128, here: pp. 115–123 .
32. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Military hospital panel .
33. ↑ On Neustadt's rock cellars, see: Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, pp. 115–128 .
34. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Chance finds and extensions. ( Online version ).
35. ↑ Schnizzer (1708), p. 15.
36. ↑ Insight into the cellar. Under Nürnberger Strasse. In: Fränkische Landeszeitung. No. 289, December 14, 2015.
37. ↑ Friedrich von Lentersheim, who died in 1568, was also named as governor in 1540, 1551 and 1553, as well as Gottfried Lochinger for 1559. Max Döllner (1950), p. 209.
38. ↑ In addition to the pillory with neck iron , neck fiddle and blasphemous stones , there was also the “Dreher” or “Driller” on the market square as well as the “Naschkorb” and the “Bürgerstraf” at the bleach pond. Max Döllner (1950), p. 310.
39. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Local history excursion in and around Neustadt / Aisch (opening credits and introduction). - ( online version ).
40. ↑ The office of a permanent clerk was established in Neustadt in 1461. Cf. Max Döllner (1950), s. 94.
41. ↑ : Geodata Bayern adAisch Neustadt: monuments .
42. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Chance finds and extensions. ( Online version ).
43. ↑ Johannes Hirschlach: The night in which the town hall burned. On April 16, 1947, the siren wailed early in the morning. In: Fränkische Landeszeitung. No. 88, 15. – 17. April 2017.
44. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 85 - online version .
45. ^ The provincial governing body , mostly occupied by counts, in the 17th / 18th centuries. Century: Office teams (Hoheneck, Dachsbach, Baiersdorf and Osternohe ), caste offices (Neustadt, Hoheneck with headquarters in Ipsheim, Dachsbach, Baiersdorf, Windsheim and Emskirchen), administrations (or monastery offices ) in the area of ​​monasteries ( Birkenfeld , Frauenaurach , Münchsteinach, Münchaurach , Frauental , Langenzenn and Heilsbronn ), Vogteien / Vogteiämter (Neustadt, Ipsheim, Lenkersheim (see also Vogtamt Lenkersheim ), Altheim , Liebenau, Hagenbüchach ), administration and jurisdiction leading mayor offices ( Burgbernheim , Markt Bergel and Equarhofen ), seven monasteries, three cities , five large market towns and princely castles. See Max Döllner (1950), pp. 108-110 and 316 f.
46. ^ After the city had set up the Old Castle as a hospital, the Neustädter Hospitalstiftung sold the old hospital on Bamberger Strasse in 1894 for 7,500 marks. See Max Döllner (1950), pp. 553 and 557 f.
47. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The old castle (online version) .
48. ↑ www.neustadt-aisch.de: Map with a stage in the gatehouse .
49. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The old castle (online version) .
50. ↑ Spiral staircase with low steps so that the margravine could ride up to her rooms, which only a few Uhlan officers were able to do
51. ↑ The first organizer of the Pietist movement in Neustadt from around 1700 was the school principal Johann Jakob Schober, who was transferred to Neustadt in 1696 - he died in Neustadt at the age of 50. He and the pietistic ideas were fought in particular by the dean Layritz, supported by the new archdeacon and later city historian Matthias Salomon Schnizzer. Pietism was particularly important up to the middle of the 18th century and, to a very limited extent, as “separatism” up to 1743/1744 also radical pietism in religious life and in the school system of Neustadt and the surrounding area. The Pietist Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf , who was in correspondence with the superintendent Steinmetz by February 1731 at the latest, had also visited Neustadt in April 1733 for a school ceremony. See Max Döllner (1950), pp. 284 f., 287 f. and 348-370.
52. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Panel: New Castle, Elementary School .
53. ↑ The St. Laurentius- patronage of the Prince is in several places Salbuches 1541 detectable.
54. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, pp. 1-9 and 85 f. ( Online version ).
55. ^ Evangelical-Lutheran deanery Neustadt ad Aisch: The history of the deanery Neustadt ad Aisch, by Georg Limbacher from the deanery book of 1986 ( Memento from January 16, 2018 in the Internet Archive ).
56. ↑ ^{a b} Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant town church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, pp. 1 and 85 ( online version ).
57. ↑ The purpose of the foundation, according to the foundation letter, was to support the income and maintenance of poor people on the one hand, and to ensure a quiet retirement age for them and to create a home for them on the other hand, in honor of graying people and citizens who do not manage their own household or live with relatives referred to both hospital residents and “house arms” to be supported. Max Döllner (1950), p. 539 (cited).
58. ↑ Cf. also Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant City Church of St.Johannes der Täufer. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 9 ( online version ).
59. ↑ The history of our bells in the St. Johannis town church . In: Community letter Neustadt ad Aisch. July – September 2017, p. 6 f.
60. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 85 ( online version ).
61. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, pp. 3 and 86 ( online version ).
62. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, pp. 7 and 86 ( online version ).
63. ↑ Christine Schweikert: Brenck. Life and work of a Franconian carving family in the 17th century (= writings and catalogs of the Franconian Open Air Museum. , Volume 38). Bad Windsheim 2002.
64. ^ Helmut Ottmüller (Evangelical parish of Markt Erlbach): The Brenck pulpit from 1621 .
65. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, pp. 1–8 ( online version ), here: pp. 4–7.
66. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, pp. 1 and 8 ( online version ).
67. ^ Fabian: Handbook of the historical book inventory in Germany, Austria and Europe. Church library Neustadt (Aisch) .
68. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 8 ( online version ).
69. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 8 (The historical church library from 1525) - online version .
70. ↑ Cf. Dekanat Neustadt: History of the Dean's Office .
71. ^ Brotherhood of the Holy Cross Würzburg: Website .
72. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Catholic parish church of St. Johannes Beheading. Neustadt an der Aisch ( online version ).
73. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: Panel Bleichtürlein / Bleichürchen .
74. ↑ In the snack basket at Windsheimer Tor, convicts of food theft or mouth theft ("snacking"), as well as fraudulent food dealers, were immersed in a large basket. See Max Döllner (1950), pp. 281 and 310, note 39.
75. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, p. 60 .
76. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: panels Säuturm , Flurersturm , birds one tower and shepherd or corner tower .
77. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Local history excursion in and around Neustadt / Aisch (opening credits and introduction). - ( online version ).
78. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, pp. 97-100 .
79. ↑ Beck was born on November 2, 1657 in Zwernitz, was administrator of the box office in Neustadt in 1668, from 1688 to 1704 box office man in Dachsbach and moved to Neustadt as a pensioner.
80. ↑ The Weißmann family grant administered by the hospital, to which the Gebhardsche Haus in the lower Bleichgasse also belonged, was established in 1739 by the will of Sabina Albinus, née Hammerschmidt, erected.
81. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, pp. 97-99 .
82. ↑ Wolfgang Mück: The war memorial in front of the main entrance to the church cemetery in Neustadt ad Aisch from 1934. In: Streiflichter from the local history. Volume 35, 2011, pp. 119-136.
83. ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 2 (The environment of the Protestant town church) - online version .
84. ↑ The East Frankish-ansbachische name of the former gun turret as "Maschikeles Tower" comes as equivalent machicolations from the French word Machicoulis (for serving to defend in turn angeordentet artillery, Field Gußöffnungen) derived from medium-French / Old French machecol (ice) . Cf. Alain Rey: Dictionnaire Historique de la langue français. 3 volumes. 3rd, increased edition. Le Robert, Paris 2006, ISBN 2-84902-236-5 . On the keyword Mâchicoulis .
85. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, pp. 59–62. . Cf. also Gernot Schmidt: Local history excursion in and around Neustadt / Aisch. Neustadt an der Aisch with all sights, gates, towers and walls. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 140 f. (Paintings and watercolors by Wilhelm Funk) and 149.
86. ↑ See Gernot Schmidt: Local history excursion in and around Neustadt / Aisch. Neustadt an der Aisch with all sights, gates, towers and walls. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 148 ( online version ).
87. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Panel: Powder Tower .
88. ↑ Video group of the Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Realschule in cooperation with the student council history: stumbling blocks. The fate of Jewish children in Neustadt an der Aisch during the National Socialist era .
89. ↑ 40 years of the Stadtkapelle [...] (1.3 MB). In: Neustädter Rathausbote. Volume 28, No. 1, (January) 2011, p. 67.
90. ^ Stadtkapelle Frankenland: Website .
91. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Local history excursion in and around Neustadt / Aisch (opening credits and introduction). - ( online version ).
92. ↑ www.nordbayern.de: “Pro musica” support group sets the course for 2017/18 .
93. ↑ www.nordbayern.de: Neustädter Schlosshofkonzerte celebrate their anniversary .
94. ↑ Music school: website .
95. ↑ Wurlitzer .
96. ↑ Dietz .
97. ^ Leitner & Kraus .
98. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt. Pp. 129-136 , here: p. 130.
99. ↑ In Riedfeld, even after the inauguration of the Neustädter main and city church in association with the old church of St. Johann (later the hospital church), the parish fair took place until 1841 on June 24th, the St. John's Day, and after that, since this day fell into the hay harvest, the Aischufer was often flooded and the hay washed away, a month later. See Max Döllner (1950), pp. 84 and 712.
100. ^ Website of the insemination association Neustadt ad Aisch .
101. ^ Website: Company history .
102. ↑ Between 1918 and 1933 Else Schmidt and a woman from Kress were committed directors of the women’s organization of the Neustädter Red Cross. See Max Döllner (1950), p. 613.
103. ↑ Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 35, 166–171.
104. ↑ So from October 1933 it was initially under the title Jugendwille. Blätter für Deutschen Buben und Mädchen published a four-page, monthly supplement in 1936, replaced by Unser Glaube Deutschland - Blätter der Hitlerjugend . See Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 170 and 182.
105. ↑ Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 165–171.
106. ^ Schmidt publishing house: From 1828 - today. .
107. ↑ Berlin State Library: Neustädter Anzeigeeblatt: Sheets for the Aischgrund and the Steigerwald .
108. ^ Filmtheater.square7.ch: Chamber light plays .
109. ^ Website of the Neustadt cinema .
110. ↑ Wolfgang Mück (2016), p. 195.
111. ↑ website .
112. ↑ website .
113. ↑ Patrick Lauer: The end of an era. Railway bridge demolished. In: Fränkische Landeszeitung. No. 89, April 18, 2016.
114. ^ Gernot Schmidt: Chance finds and extensions. ( Online version ).
115. ↑ Wolfgang Mück (2016), p. 213.
116. ^ FAG: School history .
117. ↑ website .
118. ↑ Harald J. Munzinger: Bavaria from the air: State aerial photo center opens "treasure chamber". In: nordbayern.de . September 21, 2018, accessed January 15, 2019 . 
119. ↑ Royal Privileged Shooting Society: Wehbsite .
120. ^ Waldbad Neustadt: website .