History of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch
The history of the town of Neustadt an der Aisch deals with the development of the Middle Franconian town of Neustadt ad Aisch from its early days.
Early history and the Middle Ages
Königshof Riedfeld
In the area of today's Neustadt were from about 6000 BC. BC (in the "Franconian Mesolithic") first detectable people resident for a long time.
Franconian settlers who had come to Aischgrund from the Rheingau and Wormsgau in the course of the settlement of Eastern Franconia around 625 , established a settlement under the Merovingian Dagobert II in the same century , which was later (prepared by the policy of Karl dem Hammer and Pippin dem Kurzen ) became the Königshof Riedfeld (today a district of Neustadt). Until 741 the area around Riedfeld belonged to the diocese of Worms .
The house Meier Karl Mann gave to 742 the king tithe (tenth of the Royal Court) Riedfeld to the 741 or early 742 of the missionary bishop Winfried (Boniface) , on behalf of the house Meier Pippin and Karl Mann founded diocese Würzburg, where the Rangau and (which is under royal prerogative and Riedfeld, headed by a sub-functionary of the ranks, was assigned as "initial equipment". The Aisch valley, where Bonifatius had stayed once and probably more often before 740, and thus Riedfeld no longer belonged to distant Worms, but (until the Reformation in 1528) to the new diocese of Würzburg. Riedfeld is (like Bergel, Windsheim and Ipsheim) as one of the " original mother churches " in Rangau.
This Carolingian donation was confirmed in a letter from King Arnulf in the year 889 and the royal court Riedfeld was first mentioned by name (as Reotfeld ).
Further donations (20 hubs managed by unfree people ) from the Königshof Riedfeld were made around 780 to the monastery of St. Peter and St. Nazarius in Lorsch an der Bergstrasse , located in Wormsgau, in 764 . Already before (around 775) a sister Eberhild (Ebirhilt, Eberhilt) had given her Riedfeld estates and 30 serfs ( mancipii ) as a gift to the Fulda Monastery, founded in 744 on behalf of Bonifatius . In 805 the monastery in Fulda also received the Riedfeld estate from Countess Reginswind, inherited from her father .
The place name Riedfeld (Middle High German Rietvelt ) for the former ministerial seat is derived from a field name. The basic word is ahd. Field (= plane lowland field), the antiquated determiner riot (= Ried ) with respect to the encountered in marshy land of the first inhabitants of the terrain boiler Ried (= reeds ). During the time of the Merovingian tribal duchies , the place was in the Duchy of Franconia . Around 740 he got a road connection to the royal court of Schwabach .
In 796, Charlemagne settled part of the Saxons he had defeated on the middle Aisch. Thus, in the vicinity of the Riedfeld royal court, the villages of Waldsachsen (a former place that was mapped at the beginning of the 18th century and located southeast of Neustadt), Upper Saxony and Lower Saxony (after 1692, the inhabitants of the Sachsenorte in the area of the former Riedfeld royal court were Christian converted and turned to Diespeck). Charlemagne ordered the Saxons and the settled Slavic servants to build churches. The Würzburg bishop Wolfgar then informed Karl's son Ludwig in 826 that the order had been carried out. The church of St. Martin , which was built with the royal court in Riedfeld, was dedicated to St. Martin of Tours and later also to Kilian and Bonifatius . As Riedfelder Königshuben , the villages of Erlbach and Emskirchen expanded. According to Georg Ludwig Lehnes , the diocese of Bamberg , which was founded in 1007, received the best court of their small estate in Riedfeld from a noble matron named Frenkin in 1150 , whereby the possession of the former royal court belonging to the Regensburg bishop (sovereign from 1036 to officially 1274) from praedium ( Hof) became a praediolum (Höflein).
Riedfeld under the burgraves
From around 1192 (after the Raabser died out ), Riedfeld and the ruling Burgraves of Nuremberg , which had been provided by the Austrian von Raab family until then, passed to the Swabian family of the Hohenzollern . Around 1273, the Hohenzollern family, having expanded their Abenberg holdings from Abenberg , Cadolzburg and above all Roßtal , reached the height of their rule in the Aischgrund. In a fragment of a document from the last quarter of the 13th century, the current place name can be found for the first time, which is supposed to designate the same place or the southern district of Riedfeld ("Rietvelt, nunc Nuwenstatt dictum": 'Riedfeld, now called Neustadt').
After the archbishop and cardinal primate, the passing through Konrad von Mainz near Riedfeld (at that time a fortified place as an oppidum ) suddenly died in October 1200 , he received the church funeral service in the church of the village, which was probably located near the Saalhof .
As Vogt of Riedfeld was a certain Konrad (Cuonrad of Riedfeld) operates, the one who, for the distant bishop of Regensburg since the first half of the 11th century, about 1040, the ownership of Riedfeld of Henry II. Had received, as Vogt (Representative of the sovereign, here the bishop of Regensburg , his relative Gebhard IV. Von Gosham ) held the administration of the place. He was first mentioned in a document in 1130 and 1147. Another Konrad von Riedfeld, the monastery bailiff and "Vogt von Neustadt, knight" (Conradus, dictus praepositus de nova civitate, miles) , was mentioned in documents in 1294 and 1300.
In 1274 Pope Gregory X. endowed indulgences for many days by Pope Gregory X. with indulgences requested by the Nuremberg burgrave and sovereign , and at that time rebuilt from rubble, where pilgrimages also went on the days of indulgence (and with the pilgrimages a trade was established that was fundamental for the later annual fairs in Riedfeld-Neustadt), fell victim to the flames caused by robbery nobles around 1430 (possibly 1426 or 1432).
In 1275, the one on 1245 by Andreas was Hohenlohe built gave away land monastery Birkenfeld as a foundation, which is not the Bishop of Wurzburg, but as bailiwick 1265-1291 the good relations wealthy viscount Pope Friedrich III. of Nuremberg and until 1294 Hartung von Riedfeld was subordinate. In February 1272 Friedrich's daughter Elisabeth was enfeoffed with the Riedfeld market, which had the right to four markets per year as early as 1278, after approval by the sovereign (the bishop of Regensburg Leo (von Tundorf) , the successor to Albert I von Pietengau and Albertus Magnus ) .
From 1272, when the Regensburg bishop assured the Nuremberg burgraves the fiefdom also for inheritance in the female line, the burgraves (who had probably received the dominion of Riedfeld around 1200 as a royal fiefdom of Regensburg) acted as independent sovereigns of the region and after 1274 the Regensburg Bishop also no longer appears in a sovereign function. Riedfeld was now a village with market rights ( villa foralis ) or market ( forum ).
Around 1287, the sovereign Friedrich ordered a castle at the southeast end of Riedfeld in the part of the Riedfeld market south of the Aisch called Neustadt ("Nuwenstat") (except for a wall that was uncovered by the drawing material manufacturer Kraft in 1946) to be built on the heights of the later "winery", which served as a fortress, administrative seat ( vice-dominate ) and again and again as the princely residence of the burgrave and later the margrave. This " veste house ", newly built by Appel von Seckendorff in 1493 as a stone building , of which there are still remnants in today's Hinteren Kellereigasse 15, was taken over by Friedrich's deputy ( Vicedom in 1287) Gutend von Seckendorff (later, starting in 1523 with Veit von Lentersheim, commanded by the noble family Lentersheim ). In 1287, the “New City” of the Nuremberg burgraves received a fortification consisting of walls with towers and brick gates. For most of the places in the area Neustadt was the seat of the Vicedom in the 1280s. Around 1291, under the vice-dominate (state governor) of Gutend von Seckendorff, as (advocatus) Vogt or monastery governor Hartung von Riedfeld is documented.
Neustadt under the burgraves
Neustadt had now become the legal successor to the old town of Riedfeld. After the death of Frederick III, who Döllner called "Father of Neustadt", his other daughter, Adelheid , who was married to Heinrich II zu Castell , received the right of inheritance to the Riedfeld fief with her children through Bishop Leo. From December 1278, Bishop Heinrich II von Rotteneck transferred further inheritance rights to the male and female descendants of the Burgrave Friedrich, so that Regensburg no longer had any significant influence on Riedfeld and the Nuremberg Burgrave no longer had fiefdoms and representatives, but rather rulers in Riedfeld and in the middle Aischtal, who also refused to place the Birkenfeld Monastery under the Bishop of Würzburg .
By Burggraf Friedrich IV. (Nuremberg) of since 1285/87 typically was and his wife Margaret medieval town (with rights that distinguish a royal city of the Middle Ages) "Newstatt" a 1332 by the Viscount John II. Confirmed privilege on freedom of movement of its inhabitants and a limit on taxes is granted. The privilege of “the Neuenstatt” was confirmed again in 1345 by Frederick's son, the Burgrave Albrecht the Beautiful . The first verifiable mayor of Neustadt is also mentioned in a document in 1332. On April 14, 1348 Albrecht put the Fair the "Newenstat at the Eysch" pledge for a jointure to his bride Sophie von Henneberg .
The residents of Neustadt were first granted the right to brew beer and (like wine) in a community brewery in 1332. In the years 1434 (by Friedrich I) and 1577 (by Georg Friedrich) this right or city privilege was confirmed by the margrave, but in the 18th century it was limited to brewing your own house drink.
In 1361 Neustadt (with Langenzenn ) received the right to mint approved by Emperor Charles IV and became the seat of a mint ("N"). Due to its favorable location on the trade route between Würzburg and Nuremberg on the middle course of the Aisch, the Hohenzollern built the "New City" into an economic, political and cultural center and from the burgravial development of part of the old settlement of Riedfeld, today's town of Neustadt developed the Aisch. Around 1370 there was probably an expansion of the city when the wall was built, the "Obere Tor" (today the Nuremberg Gate ) should have been built. Its oldest town center is roughly bounded by the Kirchgasse in the east, the lower Waaggasse (named after the town scales in 1671 and, from 1672, also used for holding council meetings, the Waaghaus on the site of the later tobacco shop Hofmann, where before 1553 the first town hall of Neustadt could have been) in the west, from the market square in the south and from the church square in the north and is crossed by the Würzburger Strasse and the upper Bleichgasse (old Aischtalstrasse, upper Schlossstrasse).
In the 14th century Neustadt was given the right to use the coat of arms and seal (the city seal designed around 1317, lost in the fire of the town hall in the federal state war during the town fire of 1553 and rediscovered in the course of clearing the rubble in the new town hall in 1711), possibly for the first time by Burggrafenstraße Friedrich V. (around 1333-1398), from which reign in "Newenstat" one of the oldest obtained Urbare stems (one primary and tax accounting, applied 1361-1365 and out regularly to 1382). In 1361 Hohholz, Buchen, Kleinerlbach, Stübach, Dietersheim, Diebach and Schauerheim as well as Lower and Upper Saxony and marriage belonged to the “Amt Neustadt”.
On May 19, 1385 Frederick V divided his lands between his sons Johann and Friedrich. Johann received the offices of Neustadt, Dachsbach , Hoheneck , Emskirchen and Erlbach.
In 1386 the burgraves for Neustadt were granted the right to be the seat of the imperial court, which the burgraves arbitrarily extended to all of Franconia. and in 1361 and 1372 the city is a mint (silver coins with the sign "N", gold ducats).
On the "Gänshügel" with the "Weeth" (an open pond, also serving as a fire pond, at what would later become Max-Döllner-Platz), a residential area in 1409 was privileged (freedom of movement, protection against special taxation, separate legal recourse according to Jewish law) Burgrave Friedrich had received a letter of protection with the note "on the goose hill by the castle". But there are also records of Jewish residents for Neustadt from 1374 to 1390, who settled here again after the expansion of Neustadt's fortifications, which included the Gänshügel, in 1370, but had to pay high taxes (plus a protection fee) (Der Nürnberger Burggraf Friedrich V . had issued a privilege in 1373 with regard to the tax burden and freedom of movement in the principality). On June 23, 1298, 71 Jews were slain in Neustadt in the course of the Rintfleisch pogrom and several Jews in Markt Erlbach on the same day. After the Elector Albrecht Achilles, who often stayed in Neustadt for a long time outside of his war raids and raids, had considerably extended a charter granted in 1409 on January 7, 1473, Jews were given the right to trade throughout the country, to move from the cities to the markets and Villages as well as to practice some of their customs such as shafts and ritual bathing. Albrecht, who himself had employed Jewish personal physicians (Michel from Hof, represented in 1478 by Hirs / Hirsch), rejected the pointed hat that characterizes them and a yellow stain on the arm. Albrecht's widow, Anna of Saxony , who held her widow's farm in Neustadt from 1487 to 1512, was also considered a patroness of the Neustadt Jews. Following a request enforced by Neustadt on the state parliament in Baiersdorf, the ruling Prince Casimir (Margrave from 1515 to 1527) and his guardian Georg from April 26, 1515, all Jews were expelled from Neustadt from December 1515 to January 1516; so did the eminent scholar Elija Levita (see below), who never returned to this region afterwards. In 1536, however, the Jew Seligmann Oringer received a settlement permit in Neustadt for six years from the margrave (upon payment of appropriate duties and taxes). In the case of horse theft by mercenary troops in the Thirty Years' War, Jews in Neustadt and the surrounding area were suspected of having been at fault ("[...] and the Jews are said to have been the sole cause of this betrayal and other inconveniences"). By the middle of the 18th century, several measures were taken, including expulsion and settlement permits until 1767 there were finally no more Jews within the city of Neustadt (In 1700 Josel Levi received a margravial privilege to settle, but after a decree of the city of 1736 he was allowed to reside after his family died out, there was no further admission and the last family member was made to leave Neustadt after paying a severance payment). Bavarian Judaism only received a right to religious activity in 1818.
Neustadt under the margraves
In the first half of the 15th century in particular, the area of the city was destroyed by the so-called robbery nobility. The margravial Vicedom or governor of Neustadt was powerless against this. The robbery nobility was stopped by the Margrave Albrecht of Brandenburg (called Albrecht Achilles), who gained influence on the state administration after 1428, with the establishment of a permanent seat of his supreme power. To this end, Albrecht built the Inner Palace (the New Palace ). He gave the place of the castle fortress destroyed by the robbery nobility between 1432 and 1443 (the castle count's fortress on the later "cellar") to Appel von Seckendorff, who had a new building built there. This “New House” was called “Castle” in 1553 by a nun and historian from Bamberg's St. Klarakloster .
Another contribution to the thorough eradication of robber barons was made later (1523) by Albrecht's grandson Casimir with the destruction of 26 robbery castles. There were robber barons' seats on the streets Nuremberg-Frankfurt and Swabia-Bamberg. In the Neustadt area such "predatory nests" were in particular the Grubsberg (Burgstall Kropfsberg) , the Virnsberger Haag ( Burg Wernsberg ), Altschauerberg (owned by Eppelein von Gailingen ) and Brunn (owned by Christoph Schott) as well as the one on the Klausberg , which in 1474 was broken by Albrecht.
A tournament, to which Emperor Siegmund also appeared, was organized by Margrave Albrecht in October 1434 in "the Newenstatt an der Aysch" . King Friedrich III. (later Kaiser) was a prominent overnight guest in Neustadt on June 8, 1442, on his way to the coronation , who also stayed in Neustadt in 1453 and 1492. In 1434, the special city rights granted by Burgrave Friedrich IV of Nuremberg and his wife, Burgravine Margaretha, since September 20, 1318, were once again summarized for the greater part of the city (these, among other things, the freedom letters of 1318, which restrict the official authority of princely servants , 1332 and 1434 were confirmed again in 1577 by the Margrave Georg Friedrich in a "Confirmation").
Power political disputes between the prince-bishopric of Würzburg and the principality of Zoller led between 1436 and 1440 also to military conflicts between the castle and margraves on the one hand and the diocese of Würzburg on the other. Between 1458 and 1462 a Franciscan monastery (St. Wolfgang Monastery) was founded in Riedfeld, which has now become a suburb of Neustadt, whose former parish had already been transferred to the parish of Neustadt in 1434 (the parish of Riedfeld to Neustadt is also documented in 1491).
At the end of the 15th century, Margrave Albrecht Achilles , who from 1437 in addition to and from 1457 in place of his brother Johann (1406–1464), who preferred alchemical studies on the Plassenburg (before Kulmbach and Bayreuth, the seat of sovereignty), had government power over Neustadt , and Electress Anna Neustadt to the fortress location. From 1443 Johann had the relations with Bamberg broken off "with arrogant demands". After Albrecht's brother Friedrich II († 1471 in Neustadt) had resigned as elector, Albrecht took over his office in 1470 and had the castle built in Neustadt, where he also lived occasionally and which he bequeathed to Anna, his second wife, as a widow's residence ( as Wittum together with the area of Neustadt and the surrounding area, which from 1487 to 1516 was provincial governor under governor Heinrich von Seckendorff). In 1487, Electress Anna (1437–1512) had appointed a doctor to Neustadt ( there were four doctors in the entire Margraviate of Plassenburg-Ansbach ), the administration of her income was incumbent on the Kastner Joh. Schmidt, her court marshal was also governor (1292 Philipp von Seckendorff , followed in 1495 by Sebastian von Seckendorff). After the death of Electress Anna in 1512, the loss of her court resulted in economic losses for Neustadt, since afterwards neither Margrave Friedrich V nor his son Casimir used the city as a residence ( Neustadt only became a royal seat under Albrecht Alcibiades (1522–1557) and special regional main team for the " land under the mountains ", i.e. on the Regnitz and Aisch). A city expansion carried out in the 15th century with the fortification belt completed around 1448 shaped the cityscape until 1873 and beyond. The rural population in particular suffered from the military conflicts between Albrecht and the Bishop of Würzburg and the imperial city of Nuremberg.
The school system in Neustadt is documented from 1400 and was promoted from the middle of the 15th century by the sovereign Albrecht Achilles. In 1495 the archdeaconate was built with the "old school" and is considered Neustadt's oldest school building.
Modern times
16th Century
In 1523 the city received the right to levy pavement tariffs and (until March 31, 1924) bridge tariffs and Margrave Kasimir agreed to steer the old Heerstraße (the main street or "old high street" Würzburg-Nuremberg) through the Aischfurt from 1491 to Neustadt parish places Riedfeld and Rößleinsdorf (formerly also after the horse breeding "Rösselsdorf" which has existed there since the 15th century or - for the first time in 1421 in a Salbuch (fief book) - called "Rößelsdorf") to today's Würzburger Straße through the city and across the market square to the Nuremberg Gate. The fishing rights were again formulated in detail by Kasimir this year (the fish prices in cities with little fish were sometimes higher than those for pork or beef due to the many days of fasting and abstinence in the 14th and 15th centuries, so that the numerous ponds in and around Neustadt enabled systematic fish farming with a rich yield of fish and crabs).
Around 1524, Kasimir in Neustadt revived the so-called Siebnerei , which was responsible for defining the boundaries of the field, for example using stone crosses (stone field crosses) as boundary signs, but until 1788 also for assessing disputes of a fundamental nature within the city walls (on compliance the sieving order was monitored by the Obersiebner, whose office was exercised by the bailiff or Kastner). Neustadt's sevens ("field jury"), who have been responsible for this since then, are now a Unesco World Heritage Site. As confirmed by the sieving regulations of 1632, 1643, 1868, 1892 and 1906, they replace the boundary stones they set up for the city and inspect them every seven years. A well-known Siebner was Wendelin Streicher, who was introduced to the office in 1683, who later became the guild master of the bakers, who often worked as a Siebner (The Siebnereiobmann Streicher was also a councilor of the city and later also mayor; he built a beautiful half-timbered house in 1676 at Bamberger Straße 7, which later housed the Beyer bakery ). ( Café Beyer there became a model for Café Bayer in the television series Lindenstrasse ).
The peasant war of 1525 , which was shaped by the revolt of the people against the nobility and clergy, did damage the Riedfeld monastery , but the surrounding farms were largely spared. Neustadt surrendered to the besiegers who had advanced from Gutenstetten on May 8, 1525 . Of these, around 500 farmers invaded the city and some of the citizens joined them. The council, which also lost some members to the freedom fighters, was filled, the princely mayor chased out and looting took place. On May 9th, farmers from Cadolzburg joined the fighters and after the arson attack on Dachsbach Castle on May 13th, the noble women's monastery Birkenfeld was destroyed , and on May 14th Hohen-Kottenheim Castle was looted and burned . On May 16, under Captain Koberer, the small Riedfeld monastery was set on fire and Speckfeld Castle burned down. Between mid-May and mid-June 1525, Neustadt was the headquarters of the rebels from all over Aischgrund. The leaders were the Emskirchener Georg Schütz, the Dachsbach ensign Heinz Hartig and the city commander Claus Heuler. The Neustädter Bernh. Großmann also had a troop from Volkach come to plunder and set fire to Sugenheim Castle (now a toy museum) with Schwarzenbergs and Bibartians on the way to Neustadt . Depressed, especially by Margrave Kasimir, whose soldiers set fire to Gutenstetten, Diespeck, Stübach and other localities on May 26th, the peasant uprising ended at the end of June 1525. A request for mercy, which a delegation from Neustadt addressed to Kasimir in Uffenheim, was ineffective. After Kasimir, who also carried out his "vengeance" in Rothenburg, Würzburg, Henneberg and Bamberg areas, had moved to the gates of Neustadt on the Wasen on June 25th, the next day it happened there on the Stadtwasen (The place "Wasen" became Since the Thirty Years' War it has also been referred to as the shooting range, served in the Hussar and Ulan times between 1774 and 1886/1887 as a parade ground and riding arena and has been today's fairground on the Herrenbergen since around 1900, also for 18 beheadings of "citizens and farmers".
Before the Peasants' War, the margravial Chancellor Vogler proposed a petition to Margrave Casimir to establish the new teaching of the Wittenberg reformer Luther, for example in the form of a German-language mass, was rejected in 1523/1524 (like the ideas of Neustädter that emerged in 1446/1447 Followers of the Hussite preacher Friedrich Müller were suppressed by the margrave and prince-bishop). A "general church visitation" requested on the advice of the Nuremberg council clerk Spengler von Vogler was then accepted by the state parliament. A meeting of the Free City of Nuremberg, which took place in Schwabach from June 14 to 24, 1528, based teaching articles, questions and visits articles on a new “ Brandenburg-Nuremberg church order ”. The pioneers of Lutheran ideas in the Neustadt area were for example Caspar Löner from Markt Erlbach (especially in Unteresselbach and in the Birkenfeld monastery ), Johann Gramann and a Dominikus Seyfried.
The Reformation was carried out in Neustadt and the surrounding area from around June 1528. With this, Neustadt was broken from the connection with the diocese of Würzburg, which had existed since 741/742, and the sovereign church power was given to the margraves, whose executive body (until the deanery and parish was affiliated to the consistory of Ansbach in 1817) was the consistory of Bayreuth. Under Margrave George the Pious, the city received a new church order based on Lutheranism in 1533. Objections by the widow of the previous Margrave Kasimir, Susanna von Bayern , who previously lived in Neustadt , against the implementation of the state parliament's approval of 1528 and against the confiscation of the assets of the early mass in the castle in 1538 were rejected by Margrave Georg through his councilors in Ansbach, the church property in the context of the The Reformation, also known as (princely) secularization (jokingly referred to by Döllner as "bagging the church property"), took hold. The first Protestant pastor in Neustadt was Johannes Lang, sworn in in 1527, who was also appointed advisor to the Ansbach visitation commission at the end of November. Erasmus Hirschberger, who worked as a chaplain in Neustadt in 1528, became a Protestant clergyman in Dachsbach.
At the time of the reign of Kasimir's son Albrecht II, called Alcibiades , who moved his princely seat to Neustadt in 1541 and brought his personal physician Seyfferth († 1543 in Neustadt) to Neustadt, there was a princely bathing room operated by his widowed sister Albrechts in the upper Schlossgasse ( In Neustadt am Kirchplatz and in the upper Schlossgasse two bathing rooms, which were privately owned in the 17th century, are documented as early as 1361. One bathing room in the first quarter of the 19th century was used by him as a surgeon and obstetrician ("Accoucheur") and in treatment "Country doctor" Georg Füchtbauer († 1831) who was employed by hospital inmates and was operated by his successor Weber from Baiersdorf from January 3, 1832 ).
During the Second Margrave War (Federal War of the Federal Republic of Germany) on June 9, 1553, the Neustadt, which Albrecht Alcibiades had equipped with knighthood and armed forces at the end of January, was looted and burned to the ground, with mostly bourgeois buildings being affected. Troops from Nuremberg and Windsheim were involved, according to a Brandenburger Chronicle also Braunschweiger and according to the Würzburg Chronicle also troops of the Würzburg prince-bishop Melchior von Zobel . Most of the town's documents, privileges, protocols and council books were destroyed (copies containing the contents of the burned documents were found in Bad Windsheim and Ansbach).
The city, which was badly damaged in 1553, without any deaths, was taken over by the free imperial city of Nuremberg under the direction of the administrator Michael Faber († 1554), who had come from Nuremberg, as a replacement for the damage inflicted on them. Albrecht Alcibiades was expelled. After a plan to be carried out by the Nuremberg “Palier” Jörg Kunz Jung to demolish the city walls of Neustadt had already been commissioned, Georg Friedrich , the cousin of Albrecht Alcibiades and son of his guardian Georg the Pious , came after Emperor Charles V 1555 had initially claimed the property of Albrecht and thus also Neustadt as a reverted imperial fief, to an agreement and he was sworn back and sworn in on April 9, 1557 by the governor " auf dem Gebirg " von Schaumberg to the Margrave Neustadt "Reunited all the Hohenzollern possessions" in Franconia in his hand. Thus Neustadt and the Aischgrund regained connection to the capital Ansbach. In the same year, the reconstruction of the residential buildings, which was interrupted by a fire in 1590, began until 1601 (restoration of the Riedfelder Tor as a defense system). It was thanks to the new captain Friedrich von Obernitz that the first verifiable town hall in Neustadt was built. One of the first buildings to be rebuilt after the fire was the broad-gabled house at Würzburger Strasse 21, built in 1554, which served as the Stern Gasthaus for over 100 years .
The establishment of a deanery (previously located in Gutenstetten) (responsible for the middle Aischgrund) in Neustadt was carried out in 1564 and the first synod was held there in 1565. The first dean was Georg Leutner, the margravial court preacher who had previously worked in Ansbach.
During a plague epidemic in 1575 there were many deaths in Neustadt (“the great death”).
People who left their homeland because of their beliefs found acceptance in Neustadt and in some cases gained a high reputation. So in 1585/1586 "exiles" from the prince-bishopric of Würzburg settled down and in 1597 those from the prince-bishopric of Bamberg settled down. Georg Sandrock (or "Georg Sandruck"), who immigrated from Dettelbach in 1564, became mayor in 1583, Karl Göbel, who was expelled from Würzburg in 1588, became a councilor in 1603 and second mayor in 1604. Wolf Schnuppenhagen, who came from Kronach, donated a book to the church library in 1597.
According to Matthias Salomon Schnizzer's city chronicle from 1708, the medical professor Georg Marius city physician was in Neustadt an der Aisch around 1597 to 1601 .
From 1576 to 1597, Johann Knappe, who was also councilor of the city, was appointed bailiff. His successor Siegmund Berchtold (previously administrator of the klostermüncharachischen Vogteiamt Altheim-Rüdisbronn) was assigned to the monastery office of Münchaurach in 1601, because of his violent behavior from 1598 onwards by violent behavior that disregarded existing regulations (such as the transcripts of privilege deeds that withstood the destruction of 1553, city book ) moved away, where he died in 1618.
17th century
A quarter of a century after the Reformation , according to Neustadt's first city chronicler Matthias Salomon Schnizzer, the Neustadt pastor Seyfried Marquard had foreseen the burn down in the second Markgräflerkrieg in 1553, a long phase of construction and expansion began, although most of the destruction began at the beginning of the 17th century Was able to repair residential buildings and some defenses again, but only came to an end with the (including seven large) raids that took place between 1631 and 1641, with looting and devastating destruction by Swedish troops in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). The first effects of the city showed the 1618 started the war by train through the upper Aischtal a crowd assisted by the electors and newly elected Calvinist Bohemian King Frederick V of the Palatinate supported Peter Mansfeld guided unionist mercenaries who, despite already resolved Protestant Union , in July 1620 as well as afterwards continued plundering through Germany and also marched through the Franconian margraves, which had been neutral since July 3rd. In October and November 1631 the enemy armies broke into the Steigerwald and the Aischgrund, which also affected Neustadt badly. The monetary system in the Franconian, Swabian and Bavarian districts damaged by "Kipper und Wipper" (deterioration of the coins due to inferior alloy and too low weight) was to be rehabilitated with a coinage convention decided in Würzburg in 1624 (the Erlangen mint master Hans Rentsch operated at the end of 1621 / beginning In 1622 a tipper workshop in the coal mill for two to three weeks and on January 13, 1622 presented the margrave with the coin profit of 1,000 guilders, and in November 1622 Joachim Freund, who had come from Schauenstein, also produced coins in the coal mill, such as the “Rose von Neustadt ”designated tipper hermaphrodite and a 24-crown piece). In addition to the decline in cultural, academic and spiritual life as well as the health-endangering hygienic conditions and the insufficient water supply, there was also the financial damage and the stalling of trade, so that from around 1632 even the livelihood of the clergy was no longer guaranteed (from 1632 to 1635 the parish of Neustadt is supplied by clergy from Unternesselbach, Baudenbach and Schornweisach). In addition, 42 sovereign horsemen, who could have contributed to the defense of the city, were recalled in 1632. An English brigade was also in Neustadt in 1632, where the previous commander John Hepburn said goodbye and Major Robert Monro (e) took over his command. Neustadt was abandoned in November 1631 and in July 1632 by its governor, Colonel Balthasar Jakob von Schlammersdorf zu Plankenfels and Hopffenohe († 1634). Balthasar von Schlammersdorf was at the same time in margravial, Nuremberg and Swedish services (it was not until 1636 that Neustadt received a new governor in the form of JG Güß von Güßenstein). On June 11, 1632, 70 houses and the town hall were set on fire "by the soldiers deliberately". The noblewoman von Lüchau, who lived in Brunn and was in Swedish service as a colonel, had the Neustädter Kastner Moenius and the mayor Meder arrested in 1638 because the contributions imposed by Lüchau were not raised in time, and held them in Brunn until Neustadt the mayor (Moenius, however, had to finance his release from his own resources). In January 1641, further attacks, mistreatment, extortion of ransom and harassment (for example by the governor Güß and his wife) and looting by the Swedes began. In 1648 the population of "Neustadt an der Aschen" standing in front of the ashes was completely drained and impoverished. The Swedish cavalry regiment Kochlitzki lay in town and office Neustadt for six weeks. Gustav Adolf himself was not in Neustadt. After the peace of 1648, another two years passed before the troops were disbanded and evacuated, and Neustadt had 30 years of struggle and hardship before the last bands of robbers and marauders were driven out in 1651.
The overall structural and organizational reconstruction, which lasted until 1715, took place only slowly, was made more difficult by billeting and other burdens and obligations that the Margraviate Bayreuth had to pay to the Swedes under General Carl Gustaf Wrangel in 1644, and dragged on over a hundred years. The numerous Austrian expellees (due to the violent recatholicization of Austrian countries) who found a permanent new home in the area (in Neustadt from 1624) proved to be beneficial. From 1689 to 1708 there was a newly built Aischbrücke, which originally served to transport heavy artillery for the siege of Mainz (on August 26, 1708 this bridge was torn away by a flood and replaced by a new one on September 12).
Prominent guests in the New Castle of Neustadt in 1650 were the Swedish King Karl Gustav (nephew of Gustav Adolf ), who also gave sermons there and in the town church, and on May 18, 1652 the Archbishop of Cologne, Maximilian Heinrich von Bayern . On July 22nd, 1686, the margrave ordered the creation of living space for 40 French families. 21 accommodations were offered in private houses and four in hospitals. Thirteen homeowners refused, however, and the mayor did not support the margravial request. The French emigrants moved to Erlangen , where they built the Neustadt (in the 18th century Christian-Erlang, often also called Christian-Erlangen ) and developed a flourishing industry. According to Döllner, none of the Salzburg emigrants who came to the city of Neustadt an der Aisch in 1733 stayed there.
Despite some alleged suspicions of witchcraft, there were no known tortures, official convictions or executions at the stake at the time of the witch hunts in Neustadt (in contrast to Sugenheim or Windsheim).
Neustadt's first pharmacy can be traced back to 1615, but it only existed for a short time. Margrave Christian von Bayreuth-Kulmbach, who had been ruling since 1603, then had the privilege of building a pharmacy (including the donation of a house "near the castle") to his personal physician, the city and district physicist who has been active in Neustadt since 1612, and medical advisor Hieronymus Fabritius (* 1567 in Augsburg; † 1632 in Windsheim), who in 1620 passed it on to his son-in-law, the pharmacist Joh. Seb, who moved to Neustadt in the same year. Mylius, transmitted. In order to avoid the need for a second pharmacy, the pharmacist and Neustadt mayor Weißmann, who had come from Windsheim, thwarted the settlement of Huguenots in Neustadt. Even the otherwise committed clergy could not enforce a planned settlement of the Huguenots fleeing France in Neustadt against the will of the selfish mayor (the exiles moved on to Erlangen, where they settled and built the Christians-Erlangen district). Joh. Pausback was the owner of the pharmacy in 1640. From 1650 it was occupied again after a long break. In 1841 the pharmacy originally located on the market square was relocated to Nürnberger Straße. The pharmacist K. Ulrich opened a "material goods store" in Bamberger Strasse in 1867, i. H. a drugstore .
In 1617, Margrave Christian had an administrative and judicial department (court of appeal) ordered in 1612 under the aristocratic Wolf Philipp Groß von Trockau, who had been official governor since 1612, as nominal boss, but de facto from the secret who received his doctorate in law in 1606 in Basel Government councilor Ludwig Leuchsner was the first chairman of the Princely Brandenburg Chancellery (“Cantzley”) in the northern annex (side building of the old castle). This "Untergebirgische government" (of the Unterland with the capital Neustadt), created to facilitate court proceedings for the "subjects", was repealed in 1627 and moved to Bayreuth. Criminal proceedings were initiated against a Steinschneider who was active in Neustadt in 1617 because the patient he operated on, a young man, died in the operation.
Margrave Christian donated Alumneum in 1617, suggested by the city fathers as early as 1591 and financially supported by the margrave with a fifth of the Hochbach tithe . For the purpose of the foundation of the hospital (beneficiary and old people's home for poor citizens) it was an affiliated school facility to support less well-off students. The original number of pupils was 12. Their admission criteria, meals, duties, supervision by a school rector and funding were laid down in the school regulations of 1617. The pupils, who were also used as singers at solemn church services and dressed in black coats, were accommodated in their own rooms on the upper floor of the hospital.
From 1658 Neustadt had two communal breweries.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, the individual citizens of Neustadt had certain rights, some of which had existed for a long time, such as the right to take firewood from the city forest (which, however, had been heavily devastated during the Thirty Years' War), which was extensive until the 19th century Sheep hat law or, since 1698, a “citizens' bed” in the kennel .
18th century
From May 14, 1705 to August 26, 1707, Prussian infantry lay in the city, which was marched through by imperial and imperial troops, which was profitable but also spreading disease. In 1707 the Prussian captain Crolov was even appointed city commander.
In addition to already existing brewing rights, Neustadt (the city and "its citizens who sat on their houses") received the right to brew wheat beer in the community brauhaus from the margrave on May 25, 1745 ( wheat beer had previously been produced in private breweries with the permission of the sovereign), such as it is reproduced in the "Landesordnung" ( Corpus Constitutionum Brandenburgico-Culmbacensium ) from 1748. There were two communal brewhouses between what would later become the Fränkischer Hof and the “bleached door” (see below) that was built in the 19th century. The brewery for brown beer burned down on August 5, 1877, the wheat beer brewery, which is closer to the Bleichürlein, still existed in the 20th century. After 1891 there were twelve breweries in Neustadt, but their number quickly declined.
On July 30th, 1730 the ruler laid down the legally effective special regulations for the capital Neustadt for the first time since the Thirty Years' War with the Brandenburg state order. These modern orders were confirmed and supplemented in 1748 in the Corpus Constitutionum Brandenburgico-Culmbacensium, which remained valid until the administrative reform by Hardenberg in 1797.
During the Seven Years' War the Neustadt gates were briefly occupied by Würzburg hussars in 1757 and in 1762 the Prussian general Friedrich von Kleist advanced from Neustadt towards the imperial city of Windsheim and plundered it.
In 1718 the half-blind Peter Kolb became the rector of the Neustädter Latin School, where in February 1718 the Neustädter alumni were also accommodated at the suggestion of the superintendent Räthel . A square in Neustadt is named after Peter Kolb. Kolb's successor was Christian Arzberger from 1727 to 1730. Around 1740, supported by corruption in city and state authorities, there was economic fraud affecting the Alumneum and the hospital in particular.
The pietistic theologian Georg Sarganeck (also Jiří Sarganek or Jerzy Sarganek; * 1703 in Niedersuchau, today Dolní Suchá; † May 27, 1743 on a visit to Neustadt), who from 1726 to 1728 as an adjunct to August Hermann Francke's pedagogy in Halle and afterwards had worked as vice rector in his home town of Teschen , after his exile he became rector of Neustadt at the age of 28 because of his religious views. Pedagogically based on Comenius , he developed the school there, together with superintendent Johann Adam Steinmetz , who was also banned from Teschen and who was in Neustadt from 1730 , an Irish pietist who had proposed Sarganeck as headmaster to Margrave Georg Friedrich , into an important educational institution (a supra-regional The Neustädter Schule had already achieved a good reputation reaching as far as Vienna and Hungary with the rector Joh. Jakob Schober appointed in 1696).
At the request of stonemason to the margrave, the flourishing school, which required more space, was assigned the widow's and orphanage at Langenfelder Tor, which was only inhabited by one inmate, and the margrave's mother, Sophie Christiane von Brandenburg-Kulmbach , contributed financial resources for the renovation . The educational institution was raised to five classes and to the Georg-Friedrichs-Kolleg . The Friedrich-Alexander-Kollegium that emerged from the Georg-Friedrich-Schule (like the later Friedrich-Alexander-Gymnasium - and the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität in Erlangen - named after the Margraves Friedrich von Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Karl Alexander von Brandenburg-Ansbach ) was raised in 1750 by the Pietist Georg Christoph Oertel, who was born in Neustadt in 1715 as the son of a legal secretary and who has been working at the school since 1740, for the second time to the status of “full institution with university entrance qualification” (for the first time the school had the right to “Maturität” in 1730 as “Collegium illustrious " receive). The directorate of the school was given to Rector Oertel in 1768 after the death of his predecessor, the superintendent (head of the superintendent's office completed in 1746 as the forerunner of the Neustadt deanery ), making the school independent and independent of the local clergy. On January 22nd, 1783, the state ministry authorized the Friderico-Alexandria (in addition to teaching institutions in Bayreuth and Hof) by decree, in contrast to other city schools in the Principality of Bayreuth, to continue to issue university entrance qualifications. After that, the rector Georg Sarganeck, vice-chancellor Paul Eugenius Layritz (from December 1733 supported by the Pietist Joh.Balthasar Dörfler from Bayreuth, who was court master of Count Henckell, who attended the school, until his appointment) sank, and from 1749 to 1749 1790 Rector Oertel achieved, partly supra-regional importance of the Neustädter Fürstenschule . The school bordered the site of the former hospital to the north and was completed in 1740 on its new location between the Spitalkirche and Langenfelder Tor. The school had a rich library, as well as one by Sarganek, Layritz and Creutzberger and their successors from 1730 , mainly through donations from its rectors (Layritz and, until 1749, Dörfler) and vice-rectors (Grieshammer and the spiritual son of Sarganeck, Andreas Creutzberger) as well as the superintendent Steinmetz physical and mathematical instrument collection. In addition, there was a geological collection as well as a natural history cabinet , which were sponsored by Lerches brother (Russian court advisor) and Professor Müller from Erlangen. The school (from which the humanistic Progymnasium emerged in 1817) received a collection of ancient Roman coins as well as a collection of domestic and foreign woods from the provost of Würzburg von Franckenstein. In the 18th century the Margrave Friedrich Christian resided in Neustadt, where the daughter of the castle administrator Christine Marstaller ran the household until he took over the government in the Principality of Bayreuth in 1763. After that he continued to promote the school system in his favorite town, Neustadt. From 1769 to June 1, 1791, Margrave Karl Alexander , the last Franconian Hohenzoller, also ruled the Principality of Bayreuth.
A decline in the population, which has not been recorded since the Thirty Years' War, occurred in 1771 due to an epidemic (probably dysentery or typhoid and smallpox at the same time), which killed around a ninth of the Neustadt population with 300 people.
The margravate went to the Prussian crown in 1791. In 1793, a riding arena was built at Riedfelder Tor for the new Prussian garrison (the 180-man "Prussian Hussar Squadron"), which in 1795 became the seat of the Ansbach Hussar Battalion. The building, later known as the Old Riding Hall, near which there was a local train station in addition to the main train station, near the Aischbrücken bridge with a waiting room and counter in a nearby house, was bought by the city after the garrison left, From 1888 to 1890 it was converted into a gymnasium and after a fire on September 9, 1907, it was again expanded into a municipal gym and inaugurated on November 22, 1908. Also in 1793, after he had written his first novel and as a guest of State Governor Alberti, the poet Jean Paul from Wunsiedel stayed in Neustadt, of which Jean-Paul-Allee commemorates.
After the introduction of the Prussian land law, further changes were made in 1797 through the reorganization of the administration carried out by Hardenberg and instructed by the Prussian king. The Neustadt office was also affected by these changes, which were also made in Ansbach-Bayreuth. For example, a police magistrate was set up as an administrative authority, the management of which was taken over by the respective district director (in Neustadt the previous governor of Schlammersdorf ) as the "police and magistrate director" , and in 1800 Neustadt had its own building authority.
Towards the end of the 18th century there were around 230 households in Neustadt. The high court was exercised by the Brandenburg-Bayreuth city bailiff Neustadt an der Aisch . The Neustadt an der Aisch council held city rulership as well as land rulership over all properties.
19th century
From January 16, 1791 to the beginning of October 1806, the entire Franconian Empire , and thus also Neustadt (with almost 3,000 inhabitants) in the Neustädter Kreis district , was under Prussian administration and then from 1806 to 1810 a French military government. Neustadt was officially a "French town" since the Peace of Tilsit on July 9, 1807, through which the Margraviate Bayreuth-Kulmbach was ceded to the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte (in 1810 Napoleon handed over his rights to the Margraviate to the kingdom he established in 1806 Bavaria). On October 12, 1806, Napoleon's division general Claude-Juste-Alexandre Legrand became the commander of the country . The powers of the mayor and magistrate as well as the judiciary and other administrative matters were regulated by a royal ordinance for smaller cities and larger markets of March 30, 1806. On September 24, 1808, the magistrate was dissolved again and replaced by a new one, resulting from the general election of four mayors and eight municipal councilors, whose members received the title of senator . From 1834 to 1856 the garrison stationed in Neustadt made up 1/9 of the local population. Neustadt's political importance waned in 1887 when the last squadron left (the Neustadt Uhlans moved to Bamberg, where a new Uhlan garrison was set up).
After the French ordered a general compulsory vaccination for the newly introduced vaccination against smallpox (in Palatinate-Baiern as early as 1782) on May 5, 1807 , Oertel's successor as school director, Professor Degen, was one of the first to introduce his son to this treatment. This first protective pox vaccination in Neustadt was carried out privately on April 18, 1801 by the general practitioner and city doctor Johann Friedrich Küttlinger .
When Bavaria took possession of it, Neustadt was briefly occupied with a squadron (or squadron ) of the 6th Chevauxleger regiment. From 1817 to 1834 there was a permanent garrison with interruptions and at the instigation of Mayor Haßler (in office from 1830 to 1834) until 1887 there were mostly two royal Bavarian squadrons Chevauxlegers in Neustadt.
As long as such a garrison, which was also important for local trade (and local peace) in the city, was permanently stationed in Neustadt (in the castle barracks), wandering groups of actors performed plays every winter, for example in the Zum Löwen inn, which has existed since 1810 (later at Wilhelmstrasse 16). , occasionally in the Gasthaus Zur Sonne, which has existed since 1568 . The Gasthaus Zur Sonne (originally called "Goldene Sonne"), created by the later mayor Leonhard S. Schneider, is located in a house built in 1568 by the Kastner Johann Weickersreuther and his wife Eva, the daughter of the margravial Kastner Bernbeck, after the federal war. which bears the arms of the married couple.
At the parish fair in July 1831, the host Hummelmann announced the performance of Schiller's Robber on the Prater (now called Plärrer ), which has become the second center of the city next to the market square . The private Dramatic Society was first founded on April 18, 1844, played The School of Life by Ernst Raupach and was launched again in 1870. Among other things, he devoted himself to the performance of works by Friedrich Schiller (such as Wilhelm Tell ) and in 1848 also gave Carl Maria von Weber's opera Preciosa . On November 19, 1848, under the direction of Schütz, a theater season was opened in which plays by Goethe (The Siblings or Love and Renunciation) , Theodor Körner (The Cousin from Braunau or the three schoolmasters) and Karl von Holtei (Leonore) were brought to the stage were. For its 50th anniversary celebration, the association gave the operetta Flotte Burschen von Suppè.
The “ Black Freischar Lützows ”, made famous by Theodor Körner among others , also included people from Neustadt (such as Joh. Schalk and F. Schildknecht) and the surrounding area (such as Friedr. Tischler from Gutenstetten).
Today's (unofficial) district of Lohmühle emerged from the Lohmühle at the "Red Pond" built in 1802 by the Beer brothers near Unterstrahlbach on municipal property . The Beer tannery was the most important of four (before 1870 more) tanneries that benefited from the formerly rich stock of oak forests in the region (the Beer leather factory was established around 1810 and expanded again in 1823). The last tanneries ceased operations in 1911 (Hummel) and 1914 (Geßner).
From October 1806 to 1810 Neustadt was under French administration - until October 20, 1809 under Baron Camille de Tournon (Camille Philippe Casimir Marcellin, comte de Tournon-Simiane, 1778-1833) the French intendant (administrative director) appointed by Napoleon as head of the Civil administration of the conquered province of Bayreuth . A large part of the Neustadt population suffered from high taxes, the obligation to pay natural services and billeting. On the other hand, with French legislation on December 12, 1808, serfdom and compulsory service were abolished.
On June 30, 1810 - according to the Paris Treaty of February 28, 1810 - the Principality of Bayreuth was incorporated into the Kingdom of Bavaria , which was established in 1806 , whereby Neustadt became Bavarian at the latest after it was occupied by Bavarian troops on July 5, 1810. The formerly Electoral Palatinate Bavarian officials, who were then sent from Munich to the now Bayreuth region , were not very popular with the people. The construction supervision in Neustadt was carried out by the state building authority in Windsheim from 1810 to 1933 .
On November 1, 1810 a "royal baierische Post Expedition" with a post manager was established in Neustadt, the 1615 by Count Lamoral of taxis as imperial post created and the following imperial Reich Postmaster General Thurn and Taxis operated until 1808 and in 1807 acquired from France The postal system, which - apart from 1742 to 1747 - had only consisted of a collection of letters anyway. From November 1810 to October 1891 the post office was rented on Windsheimer Straße (today Wilhelmstraße) opposite the Gasthaus zu Post in Wilhelmstraße 43 (afterwards in the municipal scales in the old town hall in Wilhelmstraße, and since May 1912 in a separate building with a telephone exchange and vehicle park on Kastanien-Allee). From 1828 onwards, express and packing vans were operated for connections between Munich and Augsburg to Frankfurt, each via Nuremberg and Neustadt (the taxi riding posts, however, continued to exist until 1836). From then on, customs barriers between Neustadt and its neighboring areas of Bamberg, Nuremberg and, after 1815, Würzburg were also lifted.
As part of the municipal edict of 1808, the Neustadt tax district was formed in 1811 , to which the Obermühle (= Fallmeisterei), Kohlenmühle (today a restaurant and brewery), Lohmühle, Wasenmühle and, as in the year of the constitution given by the King in the new edict of 1818 again stated that the hamlets of Riedfeld, Rößleinsdorf and Unterstrahlbach belonged to. In 1813 the municipal council of Neustadt, led by the mayor and senator (since the renewed Bavarian reorganization of the administration in December 1812) was formed, which was congruent with the tax district. The municipal council was elected by secret ballot on December 28, 1812 and the magistrate was dissolved on August 8, 1813 and the municipal council that replaced it was introduced into its work by the district judge EL Wächter.
The administration and jurisdiction of the municipal community was subordinate to the regional court of Neustadt an der Aisch, which was set up at the same time (also criminal court for Neustadt and Windsheim as well as Markt Erlbach and Iphofen, whose Neustadt execution place, the "Köpfwasen", was located in the later municipal facilities near the pumping station - last executions were carried out dem Köpfwasen: 1823 and 1826). From 1810 to 1844 the district court was housed in the old castle (afterwards in the "Frohnfeste" in front of the Diespecker Tor, which was newly built in 1840 and also used as a penal institution from 1842). In financial management, the community was under the 1811-1892 also in the Old Castle based Rentamt Neustadt (from 1920: Tax office Neustadt ). The mayor and his six municipal councilors (in contrast to the district judge and the district president) had no decisive power in this administrative form, which originated from the French prefectural system and was created by Montgela. Neustadt was classified as a third class town in 1818 as part of the reorganization of the administration carried out by Bavaria (assuming that Neustadt did not have 500 families) and after the restoration of the municipal constitution on March 6, 1817 and in accordance with the municipal edict of May 17, 1818 again a magistrate was created, which began its work in 1819. At that time the city had almost 500 families. The first population census took place in 1819 and showed 3228 inhabitants in 608 families (511 in the municipality, 34 in Riedfeld, 55 in Rößleinsdorf and 8 in Unterstrahlbach).
Around 1810/1811 the parish of Neustadt had three clergymen and the parish comprised (until the middle of the 20th century) the town including Rößleinsdorf and Riedfeld, the eastern half of Diebach, Eggensee, Chausseehau and Unterstrahlbach as well as the coal mill, the Wasenmühle and the Obermühle. The third pastor was also the local school inspector from 1815 until the church school inspectorate was abolished in 1918.
The diocese of Würzburg was responsible for the Roman Catholic Church in Neustadt from the 8th century to 1826. After the archbishopric of Bamberg was founded, Neustadt was assigned to the Bamberg diocese in 1826 and in 1829 Ullstadt provided parish services. The burial of Catholics living in Neustadt in the cemetery of the Protestant community (and with a ceremony to be carried out by a local evangelical clergyman) was approved by the Ansbach district government in 1831. The first Catholic funeral was carried out by the pastor of Ullstadt on October 20th.
From 1810 to 1838 Neustadt, previously administered by Bayreuth, belonged to the Rezatkreis with Ansbach as the seat of the district government, then, also with the capital Ansbach, to the administrative district of Middle Franconia . From July 1, 1862, Neustadt was administered by the Neustadt an der Aisch district office (from 1938: Neustadt an der Aisch district ) headed by a district officer (the former district judge H. Wibel as the first "magistrate") and the seat of this district office ( later called District Office). The new official buildings of the district office and the district court were built in front of the Diespecker Tor, where the restaurant “zum last Hieb” was opened at Bamberger Straße 29 (1895 followed in 1895 at Bamberger Straße 19 “Knorrs Zwinger”, later named Rotes Roß ). The jurisdiction, with Schramm as the first district judge of the new order, remained with the Neustadt district court until 1879, and with the Neustadt an der Aisch district court from 1880 . Apart from the establishment of an imperial regional court in the 15th century by Albrecht Achilles, Neustadt had become the seat of a regional court in 1813 (1820 to 1876 royal bair. Regional court). Its seat was in the old castle until 1830 . After that it was located in the former Gasthaus zum Grünen Baum on the market square , which had existed since 1654 and was run by the landlord Heerlein (at the location of the later Castell Bank branch in Wilhelmstraße 2, which was previously square) and from 1875 in Bamberger Straße. The community originally had an area of 13,980 km².
Neustadt received its own police director in 1821 with the Landwehr captain and hose and syringe master Falk, who as a police inspector commanded four police soldiers.
In 1824 a new building was built between the hospital and the north-west corner of the former Seckendorff-Schlösschen on the city wall (ceremoniously inaugurated in 1825) for the elementary school , which had been separated from the Latin school since 1815 (the schoolhouse from 1582 behind the church sacristy of the town church near the hospital church was around 1700 the “teutsche school”, which was supervised by the organist until 1702 and sold in 1802. The cantor, musician and composer Gastenhofer was also active at the school before he was allegedly killed by Croats on July 8, 1632.). In 1853 the new Latin school, where the primary school teachers (as well as in the Sunday school existing from 1810 to 1912 in Neustadt, in the advanced training school supported by the advanced training association from 1874 and in some associations) also taught part-time, was established. A legal basis for the preliminary and training of elementary school teachers was not created in Bavaria until September 29, 1866. The sons of many master craftsmen also attended Latin school for a few years. The language teacher Georg Köllner briefly taught individual boys at the Latin School in subjects not offered there, for which he had passed a specialist examination in Erlangen in 1841. An offshoot of the Nuremberg Industry and Culture Association , founded in 1819, was set up in Neustadt in 1827 and confirmed by the regional court in 1830 as an independent association. One of the first successes of the association was the establishment of the Neustadt peeling station.
The Edelmann soap factory was founded in 1826 and was expanded considerably in 1899.
The Burkart brothers founded a brewery in Neundorf near Markt Bibart in 1828 . In 1915, the Burkart brewery relocated its operations after having bought the Schmeißersche Brewery (which in the 1880s also exported to Brazil for a short time in the 1880s) with the “Schmeißersgarten” on the Freiung (Nürnberger Straße 31) as a brewery Neustadt ad Aisch to Neustadt. It existed until 1998. In addition to the cultivation of hops required for beer production, which pushed back viticulture in the 18th century , Neustadt had long-standing hop gardens since the end of the 18th century (vineyards were converted into hop gardens as early as the Thirty Years War), but found despite its good ones Quality no long-term sales in long-distance trade. In 1831 or 1832 a public hop kiln was set up in the town hall . In 1832 there were eight breweries in Neustadt, whose guild hostel became the “Krone” inn from 1834 (later the Hotel Krone at Marktplatz 10). A separate hop market was available from 1863 in the communal brewery, where the scales were also located. After the increase in the demand for hops and thus also the hop prices after 1870, Neustadt increasingly became a place for the hop trade. A hop growing association organized its own exhibition in 1888 and in 1892 created a hop preparation institute out of the district office barn at the Bleichtürlein, whose products won several awards at exhibitions in Berlin and Paris from 1894 to 1902. However, the hop trade lost its importance again at the beginning of the 20th century until its cultivation was even banned in 1942. From 1925 the cultivation of grain (rye, oats, wheat and barley as well as mixed grain ) was in the foreground again.
From 1821 onwards, existing guilds (some of which emerged from the guilds ) were converted into craftsmen's associations (from 1834 into "trade associations". A "trade association" was founded on August 8, 1894).
One of the first associations to be founded in Neustadt in 1828 was the Concordia association , which initially served singing and socializing and which initially existed until 1914. A revival of the musical life in Neustadt brought about from 1829 the town musician Scherzer and in January or February 1834 one of the first Liedertafeln by Cantor Ludwig and the bookseller Joh. Conr. Engelhardt founded the Liedertafel Neustadt ad Aisch . The Liedertafel gave their first concert on March 16, 1834 in favor of a planned hospital. The early directors of the Liedertafel were Dean Chr. E. Prinzing (1835 to 1837) and medical officer (district court doctor) Gottfried Schmauß (1846 to 1847). Together with the Scherzer (“Harmonie”) band, the Liedertafel organized a benefit concert in 1836 for a planned poor house that would be independent of the hospital and hospital, but never come into being. The First Franconian Singing Festival , advertised nationwide by the Liedertafel, took place on July 8, 1839 in Neustadt. Other choral societies that were on friendly terms with the Liedertafel were the Allies (until 1862), the Frohsinn Society founded in June 1904 (today the Frohsinn Choral Society in 1904 ) and the Workers Choral Society founded in 1906 . In November 1859 the Neustädter Liedertafel (which has also been practicing instrumental music since 1850 and was conceived as a purely male choir until November 25, 1891) organized the patriotic celebrations for the 100th birthday of Friedrich Schiller . In the same year, in view of a possible war, a local group of the entire association of Bavarian women and virgins was founded for the procurement of bandages or " plucking " for the army and the first stenographers' association. Among other things, a training association founded in 1868 dealt with the organization of popular science lectures . Street singing, organized by students from the Neustädter Alumneum , which is also closely associated with the secondary school, was abolished in 1897, but the customs of singing down from the church tower on Christmas Eve and the chorale playing by the town band on Fridays at 11 a.m. remained. Later other associations emerged such as a Gustav Adolf Association in 1864 , the Association for Community Diakonia in 1880, the Emeritenheim GmbH in 1925 and the Evangelical Student Home Association, which existed until 1941, with rooms for external visitors to the Progymnasium (the student home was initially in the former rector's apartment and was moved in 1924 to the premises of the dissolved preparand school). A mortuary association to support its members in the event of death was launched in 1839 and still existed in 1945. The mortuary association for railway workers founded in 1877 and a workers' health benefit association with death benefit association established in 1893 only existed for a short time.
Johann Caspar Engelhardt, son of the municipal councilor who came to Neustadt from Baiersdorf as a master rope maker and who held the mayor's office from 1818 to 1830, opened his bookstore and publishing house in his father's house on Nürnberger Straße. Engelhardt mainly published local literature, especially by GL Lehnes, and occasionally acted as a poet commenting on contemporary events, engaged in the city's church and club life and was its mayor from 1840 to 1860. In 1834 he started a lending library. Engelhardt's son took care of the distribution of reading folders.
The city history published by Lehnes in 1834 encouraged the city treasurer and later mayor Thirdler to publish "Yearbooks of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch" by the Schmidt printing company from 1836 to 1848.
The Held bookbindery had existed since the 19th century and later (under L. Assel) also operated a book trade.
Fire extinguishing regulations were issued by the regional court in 1835 . Margravine Wilhelmine introduced the people of Neustadt to new fire protection measures when she gave the city a "Berlin Fire Machine " in 1738 (still in operation in 1836) . On July 18, 1862, a volunteer fire brigade was recruited from the Neustadt gymnastics club, which was established in January 1861. After the great fire caused by arson on August 5, 1877 (when a large part of the firefighters were employed abroad), the city's fire-fighting system (in addition to the mandatory fire brigade) was recruited as a continuing aid organization) was entrusted. The fire extinguishing device of the FF was in the vault of the Nuremberg Gate, which was not yet used as a passage. All gymnasts who were active in the gymnastics club then joined the volunteer fire brigade, which was still in existence as a “reserve” in 1908, as well as the voluntary fire brigade. A fire station on the church tower was lifted in 1902 and finally in 1906 (afterwards fire alarms went off from the town hall - from 1909 with an electrical alarm system). The state fire insurance was set up on July 1, 1875 in room 2 of the town hall, where the first fire inspector took up his post in October 1875 (in the 1930s the office was in a private building at Ansbacher Strasse 9).
From the 1840s onwards, private haulage companies increasingly offered journeys (for example with 8-seater couples ) on the Neustadt – Erlangen route, and from 1850 (for example by Emskirchener Eckart, postmaster and landlord from Gasthof zum Hirschen at 10 Bamberger Strasse) six-hour) connecting trips to the state railway in Nuremberg and the Stellwagen Nürnberg – Neumarkt – Regensburg as well as daily routes between Neustadt and Erlangen operated by the Erlangen postmaster from 1852 onwards. The postman from Langenfeld and member of parliament Georg Moritz Stöcker , whose family ran an inn ("zur Lilie", then "zur Sonnenblume" and later "Franckensteiner Hof"), had already created travel opportunities to Würzburg three times a week in 1850 and the state-licensed post stable manager Stahl even made daily trips from Neustadt to Würzburg (a post office built for Neustadt's post lines was only replaced by motor vehicles in 1929). In July 1857, the post office stopped operating large long-distance lines. The transport of people, letters and parcels was taken over by rail connections of the rapidly expanding rail network. Neustadt became an important hub for postal traffic. Neustadt was connected to Nuremberg and Würzburg through bus courses. The postal expedition, which was set up in 1810 and moved from the inner city to the remote station in 1865, was relocated back to the city on March 1, 1866, as was the telegraph station, which was initially built in the station building in 1870, on July 7, 1871.
The founder of a local photograph in Neustadt was Johannes Ulrich in 1862.
The first significant waves of emigration from Neustadt (after emigrations from the Aisch Valley villages to America had already occurred in 1822) took place between 1836 and 1911, from 1848 onwards, in addition to the collapse of many farms, the gold fields discovered in California also had an impact. Between 1844 and 1911 around 185 people emigrated or emigrated, 140 of them to the USA .
In 1862/1863 the construction of the railway in Neustadt began. Lawyer Dr. Head. The connection to the prosperous railway network in 1865 revitalized trade and commerce, reinforced by the introduction of freedom of trade in Bavaria. On 19 June 1865 the second Kirchweihtag of the year, (held the first train (a locomotive and four passenger cars) at the new, far outside the city gates located station based on the old, formerly dare fee-paying , Reichsstraße Würzburg-Neustadt-Emskirchen- Nuremberg) the Würzburg-Nuremberg railway line planned as early as 1862. From July 1876, the branch line to Windsheim existed as a branch line, which was later expanded to connect to Rothenburg . The industrial advances and changes around the turn of the 20th century caused traditional crafts such as brush making to decline. Some drawing material companies, some with overseas sales areas, were still set up in Neustadt (such as the company founded by J. Chr. Lotter in Nuremberg in 1882, a similar company owned by Chr. Birk in 1906 and the drawing case company Heinrich Freitag in 1918. 1932 and In 1933 the drawing equipment companies Herm. Kraft and Lotter and Co. emerged . The brush making trade remained in Neustadt and the surrounding area. With the establishment of a bristle dressing facility , Friedrich Hoffmann even set up a new line of business in Neustadt in 1872. His bristle finishing shop was expanded into a large brush factory in 1895 (other brush manufacturers followed: 1921 Mich. Drexler, 1922 Senco, 1924 Wilh. Bög, 1925 R. Schlötter, who had acquired the Thimig and Busch brush factory and relocated it to Birkenfeld, and in 1930 Heinz or Heinrich Gesell). The Heidecker bristle preparation, created in 1890, was part of the Erlangen company Kränzlein and had developed into a brush factory.
As an agricultural center of the region that had become more important from around 1830, which had gained importance in particular through its cattle markets and the hop trade, Neustadt showed itself in September 1854 with the Central Franconian District Agricultural Festival (in continuation of the Central Agricultural Festival arranged for Munich a few years earlier Oktoberfest ), a district assembly of the agricultural associations of Middle Franconia on October 19, 1900 (which in Neustadt, where an agricultural association was founded in 1862 , was followed by the annual meetings of the Middle Franconian district chamber of farmers , which was important until 1933) and also with a large festival program with the participation of groups and Associations from Neustadt and the surrounding area, attended by over 12,000 festival participants and exhibition visitors, the agricultural and trade show from October 5th to 8th, 1928 with the participation of Minister Anton Fehr and Regional President Gustav Rohmer (For the commercial The municipal gymnasium was available to all exhibitors). A Schranne was established by the city in 1864 and a seed market in 1875. Also in 1864, the Dreschmaschinen-Aktiengesellschaft was established as the first effective self-help organization and professional association. The Raiffeisenverein founded in 1891 as a self-help organization built the "warehouse of the Bavarian goods brokerage of agricultural cooperatives A. G." ( BayWa for short ) in Wiesengrund near Rößleinsdorf, which was incorporated in 1904, near Riedfeld (the suburbs of Rößleinsdorf, which were considered poor villages at the beginning of the 18th century and Riedfeld were, according to the municipal dictates of 1808 and 1818, combined to form a rural municipality - each with a “district head” appointed by the Neustadt magistrate). Such warehouses were also built in Wilhermsdorf and Hagenbüchach . The veterinarian Hollenbach, who settled in Neustadt in 1861, was appointed district veterinarian around 1870, who advised the district office on matters relating to the "veterinary police" and otherwise ran his own practice (the district veterinarian's office was set up in 1869).
The first elections to the municipal authorities in Neustadt, to which anyone residing in Neustadt after the age of 25 was allowed, took place in 1818 and was confirmed by the district office on September 20, 1818. The rope master and former councilor Johann Georg Engelhardt became mayor for the next twelve years. The first magistrates' councils (as municipal administrative authorities) were Jh. Gg. Hummel (previously Municipal Councilor), the wine and iron merchant Jh. Sam. Landmann (who in 1795 had made the Neustadt wine trade independent of long-distance trade by opening a wine shop), the leather manufacturer Gg. Lud. Beer, the landowner Jh. Mich. Ammon, the master rope maker from Val. Third, the master bottle maker from Ad. Friedrich, the cloth maker Salom. Kumpf and the master goldsmith Christ. Heubner. A common plenipotentiary college (as a representative of the municipality to the magistrate elected by the municipality plenipotentiary) consisted of 24 citizens elected for nine years each. However, their meetings did not become public until 1848. Further elections to the magistrate took place in 1821 and 1824.
A voluntary Landwehr founded in 1813 based on the model of the Prussian Landwehr was disbanded on January 24, 1870 after a Bavarian Landwehr (a Landwehr battalion) had been set up in 1812. Until 1836, the Landwehr, which also offered itself outside of their home area, was used as a security service on market days at the town hall. In 1819 a state Landwehr battalion was set up, whose compulsory military service had to be reported to the battalion command by the city magistrate. The last Landwehr captain was the master tanner Knorr. The silk flag of the Landwehr received from Queen Karoline was transferred to the Landwehr battalion in 1819 and was kept by the Historical Association . A voluntary people's armed forces under the leadership of Landwehr members was founded in 1848 (the previous commander of the Landwehr battalion Haßler had called for the voluntary reinforcement of the Landwehr and the formation of this security guard), which carried out a combat exercise every year on Ascension Day. Also in 1870, when troops were commanded to the western border, a volunteer formation of 153 men was formed to ensure "peace and order" in the city area. A new Landwehr company came into being after the war of 1866 (during which Austrian columns and troops marched through in July 1866 and Neustadt's towers and gates were occupied by the 7th Infantry Regiment from Bayreuth) through a new constitutional law (from acts of aggression in the During the war , Neustadt was spared, on August 1, 1866, a rider reported the agreed ceasefire). Thus, in 1868/69 the country was divided into 32 Landwehr districts of four company districts each and Neustadt became the seat of the 3rd company of the Landwehr District Command Ansbach and from 1891 to 1902 Neustadt with the 6th Infantry Brigade was a drafting district (for drafts) of the Landwehr district Ansbach .
Only after the state rabbinate of Bayreuth was dissolved, the Aischgrund assigned to the rabbinate of Fürth and freedom of movement announced in Bavaria, did Jews return to Neustadt in 1864, but until 1915 they belonged to the Jewish community of Diespeck . They had initially set up a place of prayer in the house of JJ Erlanger on Nürnberger Straße (a synagogue was moved from Pahres, where it was built in 1842/43, to Neustadt east of the city wall, where it was consecrated on May 31, 1878 and existed until November 1938).
In 1866 the previously called “Preparand School”, previously run by Dean Schaufler (the Schauflerturm is probably named after him ) as the “Third Pastor” (deacon), was officially set up as an educational institution for elementary school teachers. The preparatory school , which had existed since 1832 and had the requirements for full teacher training from 1834, was named Royal Bavarian Preparatory School in September 1866 , formed a lower level of three classes with a maximum of 40 (sometimes up to 72) students and was the upper level Subordinate to “seminar” in Altdorf. The school was initially housed in the old town hall (later Libra, then post office and then a commercial building) and in 1869 moved to the primary school building, which was provided with a third floor for them in 1824. From 1877 the preparatory school had to give way again to the requirements of the elementary school. A new building with a gym (also used by the Latin school) on a part of the hospital garden at Riedfelder Tor, which had previously been provisionally housed in the district court rooms, moved into a new building in 1879. It was a cube-shaped red brick building that was built in 1924 as the Preparatory school was canceled, received a plastering typical of the landscape.
The Neustadt Higher School (later the Progymnasium) was initially housed in the rooms of the old Princely School, which was built in 1740. After the margraviate was taken over by the Crown Prussia, which emerged from Kur-Brandenburg in 1701, in 1791 the princely school , which had already been classified as a "grammar school" , was retained, according to the reforms of Hardenberg on February 4, 1803, under its new rector Raab, in a higher middle school (without foreign languages, but with Latin as an elective) and was around 1807 as a "second degree school". After the old school building on the north side of the schoolyard had been demolished by the city, a stable building made of white sandstone was built in its place in 1853, to which the Latin school was relocated. The higher school, which already had a real branch created by its principal Georg Döhlemann in 1867 (without Greek from the third year, but with French, natural science, bookkeeping and technical symbols), was expanded under the principal JC Lauer in 1894 and officially became a Progymnasium (with sixth grade) raised. In 1895 the three real classes were placed next to the three upper classes of the Progymnasium. A fourth to sixth real class was established between 1912 and 1924. The first secondary school students in Neustadt graduated in 1925, including the first girls as part of the co-education that was established at the beginning of the 20th century (However, in the 16th and 17th centuries, girls originally also attended the Latin school in Neustadt, which existed before the Reformation, which started in 1582 experienced rapid development).
The Preparand School also organized public concerts, since 1898 sacred concerts twice a year in the 1898 also with a first versatile city church, which was bought in 1896 for 2978 marks, and partly supported by the church choir since 1910 also in cooperation with the humanist church, which has existed since 1817 Progymnasium to a large extent and thanks to the composers and music teachers at the Preparatory School Karl Wolfrum (1856-1937) and Professors König and Peter Volkmann (also active both as teachers at the Preparand School and as a composer), who also performed the church concerts that have become known nationwide in the City Church, involved in the city's musical life. The preparatory school existed until 1924 and the Progymnasium continued the musical activities (the state church regiment and thus the spiritual school supervision had been eliminated with the state reorganization in November 1918).
With the relocation of the Bamberg educational institute of the commercial school director Schneider to Neustadt in 1884, Neustadt received its own training facility for aspirants of more practical professions in addition to the humanistic training at the Progymnasium and the more realistic teaching at the Latin school. The business school was housed in a house at 253 Bamberger Strasse, where the Vogel department store was later built. After three real courses had been set up at the Progymnasium in 1895 and after the resignation of the headmaster Schneider there had been an emigration of students from the commercial school, which had developed into a six-class commercial and secondary school by 1900, it was closed in 1902.
After the proclamation of the German Empire and the end of the war beginning in the preliminary peace of Versailles , in which many Neustädter and "Aisch valleys" were involved in the battle for Bazeilles on September 1, 1870, peace celebrations took place in Neustadt in March 1871, beginning with the Old liberal dean peasant speeches were held, torchlight procession took place and choral singing could be heard from the church tower. In this year the return of the garrison was celebrated and the fallen (Mich. Ammon, Herm. Bauer, Leonh. Gößwein, Lor. Ittner and Konr. Kachelries) a memorial plaque was placed in the town church (On Sedan Day 1874 a memorial elm was also placed in the Schoolyard planted). The Reichstag election on March 3, 1871, with 224 voters (222 of whom voted for Marquard Adolph Barth ) out of 758 eligible voters, had relatively little turnout (in 1874 467 out of 813 eligible voters appeared and contributed to the election of the initially liberal, from 1877 national liberal Burgstall landowner Friedrich Pabst at). On August 27, 1871, 50 participants in the victorious war against France founded a “veterans and comrades-in-arms association” in the Gasthaus zur Post , whose first board member was the businessman Joh. Müller (comrades-in-arms were accepted as honorary members from the campaigns from 1812 to 1815 and in 1922 By resolution of the war participants from 1870/71, the front-line fighters from 1914/18 were added to the club now known as the "Military and Warrior Association"). After 1870 Neustadt had often referred to itself as the “stronghold of freedom”, according to the political profile of its voters.
After a weight regulation was introduced on April 29, 1869 and came into force on January 1, 1872, the task of the "Aichmeister" was initially only taken over by certain specialist officials who were trained in courses and trained from 1887 onwards. The Neustädter Eichamt was initially located in a building called "Eich" in the castle barracks, after the fire in the town hall, then in rented private rooms (such as those of Billert for the Fasseichanstalt) and finally in the ground floor rooms of the agricultural school. Neustadt did not get its own measurement office until 1909, a result of a “measurement authority” established in 1892 after the “measurement district III. Neustadt ”(previously, from 1828 to 1835, the district geometer of Langenzenn was responsible in Neustadt).
To support the “shameful poor”, a (Protestant) women's association was founded in 1873 with the participation of the district judge widow Weiß, who had moved to Ansbach . On February 18, 1889, originated after 1859, 1866 and 1870 short-lived relief to the "care of the wounded in war" (as about Friedrich von Esmarch had propagated), had passed along the lines of of Empress Augusta , founded in 1866 Patriotic Women's Association of Women's association of the Red Cross , which initially had 83 members under the chairmanship of the wife of the district administrator Gabriel Ritter von Morhart (who later became President of the Palatinate). The men were formally active in the Association of the Red Cross, whose work department was the volunteer medical column founded on January 11, 1896. The Red Cross did not receive a men's organization corresponding to the women's organization until 1896.
After measures (such as isolation) had been taken in 1831 and 1853 to curb the risk of cholera (e.g. through overflowing toilet pits), sewer pipes were laid in Bamberger Strasse in 1880, then in Würzburger Strasse and under the church square. At this time, the road was paved and sidewalks were built. When the trenches in the city center were cleared and one arm of the Strahlbach was covered with slabs in 1903, the Neustadt sewer system was completed.
An animal welfare association was established in Neustadt on April 15, 1880. The beekeeping association ( Zeidlerverein ), which still exists today , was founded in 1881.
In 1886 a cement goods factory was founded by Fr. Bardenbacher , which after the First World War by Gg. Vorbrugg was again successfully expanded.
The Neustädter Rentamt was relocated from the Old Castle to its new service building in Ansbacher Strasse in 1892 (on April 1, 1920, the office was transferred to the Reich and was now called the tax office, whereas on February 1, 1929 the tax offices, which had already been moved to Neustadt, were transferred from Markt Erlbach and Markt Bibart was added).
Under the name Aisaria , a still existing association of (exclusively) former students of the Latin School and the Preparatory School was officially registered in 1893. In the form of a "holiday pub" the other schools and universities students meet these Ferialverbindung similar colors supporting student associations. Members of other high schools founded the Turonia vacation association in 1907 .
Bathing facilities run by private entrepreneurs were a bathhouse at the coal mill in 1838, a small bathing room at the Wasenmühle in 1842 and in 1846 a bathing place at the Steinmühle that was later improved several times. In addition, in 1846 the casino company set up a bathing facility for its members at the coal mill. In 1887 the city set up a bathing hut near the Obermühle and on February 14, 1897, the city magistrate, which had been given numerous duties and powers since the Bavarian municipal code for the regions this side of the Rhine of April 29, 1869, set up a municipal bathing establishment decided (previously there was only a “publicly owned” bathing area created by the garrison on the Steinswehr in 1837 and also made available to the civilian population). The municipal bathing establishment was initially located in the former property of Friedrich Wettschurek, who had set up a hot bathing establishment there on May 1, 1874 in the old shooting house of the Royal Privileged Shooting Society on Aischsteg on the Wasen on the north bank of the Aisch, which was inaugurated in 1829 and 1834, respectively to his death existed (later the Loscher joinery was on the site). On November 1, 1908, after the necessary high-pressure water pipes had been installed since 1896 in 1907, the newly built municipal bathing establishment with tubs, showers and a range of medical baths, in addition to the one licensed in February 1898, based on a design by the Erlangen-based company Reiniger, Gebbert & Schall built and relocated the power station. In 1910 the bathing establishment was modernized and exempted from trade tax as a welfare institution.
After the company had built and set up the power station and the lines had been laid through the city, Neustadt was lit electrically from November 1, 1898 (in 1906 the railway authority, which had previously worked with gas lighting, was connected to the plant). After some back and forth about the future operator after the concession expired, the plant was acquired by the city in 1906 and was now called the Neustadt Municipal Electricity Works . In the same year the railway station and the suburb of Riedfeld were connected to the plant. In the next few years (as well as from the power station in Ipsheim that was built in 1908) connections to other locations followed.
At the end of the 19th century, the conversion of the water supply from pump wells and running wells to a high pressure water pipe was required (and decided in May 1906) and instead of the medieval lanterns, electric lighting was used. These and other modernizations at the transition from the 19th to the 20th century were primarily thanks to Georg Vogel, who was also a member of the state parliament in the regional synod and in parliament, and who was mayor of Neustadt from 1898. He had a decisive influence on the preliminary negotiations for the introduction of electric lighting in Neustadt. Vogel, who took part in a German expedition to the Kerguelen , was also involved in the city's club life and headed the gymnastics club and the volunteer medical team that emerged from it on January 11, 1896 . He wrote the foreword for a guide through the city and the surrounding area published by the tourist association founded in 1906. The Käthe Vogel Foundation , a charitable foundation set up by Mayor Vogel in memory of his wife, existed until 1922/23 . Among other things, he was honored with the Order of Michael and the Red Cross Medal and was also given honorary citizenship.
1900 to 1930
On April 29, 1869, the Bavarian municipal code for the regions on this side of the Rhine was announced. Subsequently, in 1904, the suburbs were incorporated into the Neustadt municipality. After the resolution of the Self- Administration Act of May 22, 1919, the offices of the magistrates and municipal representatives, who represented the municipality to the magistrate, were replaced by administration by municipal and city councils with a mayor. A professional mayor was hired from 1921.
At the beginning of the 20th century, after a lecture by Baron Haller von Hallerstein , who had traveled from Nuremberg, a local branch of the Social Democratic Party was founded in Neustadt. Further implementation of democratic ideas took place in November 1927 with a new municipal code, whereupon the magistrate was abolished and the municipal council or the 20-member city council in Neustadt was determined by direct and secret ballot by the residents. A correspondence between the municipality and the political municipality as the city of Neustadt an der Aisch did not take place until the municipal ordinance of 1935.
After A. Dehn, Werner Dollinger's father-in-law , relocated his brickworks from Unterstrahlbach to Neustadt in 1902 , he built one there in the Rößleinsdorf district (Am Hutsberg 1), where a brickworks that had been rebuilt after the Thirty Years' War in 1670 had already existed large steam brick at the main train station. In 1908 a sound factory was set up by a company on the Hörrlein, at the foot of the Hutsberg (since 1370 as “Hutzberge bei Pirkenfelt ”). A steam sawmill was opened in 1909 by Lorenz Beh.
To supply the city with electrical light, a newly built power station went into operation on November 1, 1898. The plant, which was expanded in 1912, was connected to the Franconian overland plant in 1919 , which operated a switchgear and transformer house in Ipsheim and from 1925 also in Diespeck. In 1929 Neustadt had completely expanded its own factory and automated the switching of the street lighting.
After the Nuremberg Post Office had offered to set up a telephone network in 1900 and six participants had registered in Neustadt, the state local telephone network was put into operation on January 26, 1903 (a 24-hour telephone service was introduced in April 1929 and a self-dialing service was introduced at the end of May).
In Neustadt several urban green spaces (for example the Luitpoldpark , also called "Sperberpark" - with a pavilion, cascades and Kneipp water treading basin, or the city park, called "Die Blach") were created, which in 1903 made it necessary to hire a park attendant.
Already in 1866, after the mobilization of the Bavarian army, which fought on the side of Austria in the Austro -Prussian War, from May to July and the call for the formation of aid organizations by District Administrator von Baumer, Dean Bauer and Mayor Ex, from the gymnastics club and the fire brigade A voluntary medical corps was formed, whose members trained by doctors were combined on July 30, 1866 to form the "Association for the Care of the Wounded". In 1870 the gymnasts made themselves available to the medical service and were trained by the doctor Gustav Pöschel (from 1866 to 1902 general practitioner and from November 14, 1881 district doctor in Neustadt). On January 11, 1896, a medical column was founded in Neustadt. The first chairman of the 69-man medical column was District Administrator Sorg, first column leader Georg Vogel, supported by the department leaders Joh. Bauer and Alb. Bräuninger. Lauer and Vay acted as column doctors. The medical column (from 1908 as one of the first small town columns in Germany with its own very well equipped transport vehicle with two stretchers) took over the transport of the sick, in 1902 it also took care of some people suffering from typhus (as it occurred in 1905) and from 1906 public disinfection. On May 23, 1904, the 5th Central Franconian Column Leader and Doctors' Day took place in Neustadt, during which the medical column worked together with the Neustadt women's association. From 1909 to 1911 and from 1926, the year of the column's 30th anniversary, H. Winter was column leader. Karl Ammon was one of the voluntary ambulance carriers for external transport until 1914. A rescue station was located in the town hall around 1932.
A municipal slaughterhouse proposed by the district office in 1902 primarily for ( epidemic ) hygienic reasons was not realized.
Until 1907, apart from the period from around 1450 to 1730, sheep was raised in Neustadt on a larger scale. After a foot-and-mouth disease that broke out around 1897 (as in 1837), this was only maintained for a short time by the Neustädter Beautification Association, which was revived in 1861 by the language teacher G. Ammon. She was then kept on the basis of private law and had 27 sheep (between 1927 and 1933, the Neustadt sheep farm again had around 300 to 400 animals).
A separate association for the care of fruit growing was established in 1907. Already in 1531 the citizens were obliged by Margrave Casimir to plant fruit trees. Silk construction began in Neustadt as early as 1742. The first mulberry trees were planted in the “Ried”, the last at the “Red Fountain” and in the “Hasengründlein”. The cultivation of mulberry trees for the production of silk , which was increasingly carried out in the 19th century, took place in the course of a silkworm cultivation promoted in Bavaria under King Ludwig I, who had seedlings from Italy in 1827 . The mayor, who was in office from 1834 to 1860 and had already been the city treasurer around 1840 to 1845, had mulberry plantings carried out on the Köpfwasen and in 1844 on the Strahlbach. Because of imports from abroad, silkworm breeding then initially declined.
In 1907 Hans Heubeck was a founding member of the YMCA . A trombone choir emerged from this evangelical youth association established on December 1, 1907.
The levying of the pavement tariff, which was doubled (like the bridge tariff) in 1829, was assigned to two policemen employed by the city in October 1908. In 1909 a third policeman was added, who was also responsible for the meat inspection.
After a horticultural and poultry breeding association was established in 1896, a special poultry breeding association was founded in Neustadt in 1908. Mainly chickens, geese and (especially after 1919) ducks were kept, as well as turkeys, guinea fowl and peacocks. Larger "poultry farms" did not emerge until the 1930s (for example with Fritz Bräuniger's hatchery).
Also in 1908, on November 22nd, after a fire in the former riding house on September 9th, 1907, which housed a wire mesh factory (B. Stieber und Sohn) from 1906 until the fire, the new municipal gymnasium was inaugurated.
To make the station on the outskirts of the city easier to reach, an electric vehicle was successfully used in 1910 and operated until it was replaced by a bus on November 4, 1918. The first rental car company in Neustadt was founded by Andr. Schaufler 1903. He was later followed by Georg Krämer, G. Meyer and L. Ziegler. From 1910, the Neustadt brewery, the brush factory of the Kommerzienrat Ew. Dieckmann (son-in-law and successor of the brush manufacturer Friedrich Hoffmann), a little later also the doctors Wilhelm Schnizlein (general practitioner from 1905 to 1941) and Illing own vehicles.
The beginning of the First World War was announced to the people of Neustadt on July 31, 1914 on the market square to excitement and patriotic chants by the magistrate (who had been informed at 18:45 that the state of war had been declared). During this war (as part of the mobilization measures under Mayor Schildknecht that began on August 2), part of the city hospital, which had been in the old castle, which had been bought and redesigned by the city and had previously been used as a rent office, served the Red Cross as an auxiliary hospital with 40 beds since October 1894. In the municipal gymnasium (equipped with an X-ray machine) serving as a reserve hospital, up to 78 beds were set up (starting October 1 with 18 beds). In addition, the engineer Fritz Geßner made his villa on Ansbacher Strasse available as an additional hospital department with eight beds from the end of August 1914 to August 1918.
The existing hospital, which, after it had repeatedly misused and improperly used the foundation's assets from around 1740 to 1869 (but also in the first half of the 20th century), in 1871/72 new guidelines regarding the selection of its Inhabitants experienced and had their character as a poor foundation as a charitable hospital foundation on June 26, 1900 by the government in Ansbach, received a statute from the magistrate in 1908 that redefined the admission criteria: “Citizens and their wives, who are old, impoverished and are unable to work, single persons of both sexes in the case of the frailty of impoverishment, who have here the right of home, usually after, if not through self-negligence in the state or otherwise according to the requirements for public support ”.
The Unterländische Ober-Forstamt Neustadt, which was set up as part of the reallocation in 1797 and the creation of the Neustädter Kreis , comprised the Forstämter Neustadt, Riedfeld, Hoheneck, Münchsteinach and Neuhof as well as all the forest offices of the Unterland west of Erlangen until 1822 and was transformed into the Royal Bavarian Forestry Office Neustadt in 1822. Further reorganizations took place in 1829 and 1885 as well as in 1888. The new forestry office at Ansbacher Strasse 12, which had its own premises for the first time, was built in 1895 and moved into on September 7, 1895.
In 1899, at the suggestion of the district office, an "Agricultural Winter School" was set up, which was opened in the castle barracks on November 2, 1899, to spare the rural offspring of the Aisch Valley the cost of training in the existing agricultural schools in Triesdorf near Ansbach or Weihenstephan . The first school director was Liborius Wagner until 1916. In 1902, the school was expanded to include an agricultural housekeeping course for female offspring in the October 4, 1921 Agricultural College renamed and was also in 1933 yet. Since the premises of the palace barracks were destroyed in a fire in the New Palace in 1906 and the school was initially housed in the town hall, the military stables opposite the fire ruins were converted, where the school was then housed for a few years in this "new courtyard building". A "vocational training school" was set up by the city in 1912 and by 1914 had 157 pupils per year.
In 1924 the city council set up a public library in the town hall that worked together with the state public library office in Nuremberg. In 1933 the collection consisted of 250 books.
In 1914/15 the central school building with an integrated school bath was built on the site of the burnt down New Palace. The newly built “Central School House” (today the Neues Schloss elementary school ) was inaugurated during the First World War in 1915 and in 1920 already included 14 school classes. The agricultural winter school (see above) also found new accommodation here.
Beginning in 1924, the city administration built the new Progymnasium, which was occupied on July 6, 1925. The Friedrich-Alexander-Schule , now known as the six-class Realschule and Humanistic Progymnasium, received a new building.
A separate building for the children's school, which has existed since 1839 and was initially in the hospital (1874 by arrangement in a room attached to the shepherd's house), from 1904 to 1908 in the former castle barracks and then in the changing rooms of the school bath of the central school building ( kindergarten or one with Instruction and education working custody for small children, which especially took care of the children while the mothers were working in agriculture and trade) was decided by the city fathers in 1928 and built in the same year. A “day care center for school-age children” was attached to the “children's school”. On 16 October 1929, in addition to state and municipal grants, savings grants and loans from a private theater company (such existed also in 1842), the choral society, the Postexpeditor (and Testament linchpin of his brother, also in 1854 donations for the children school behind transmitting Dean Chr. E. Prinzing) Prinzing, the former Magistrate Councilor Johann Landbeck, the widow of the district judge Weiss (co-founder of the Evangelical Women's Association) who moved to Ansbach and Albertine Haßler, who came from the family that grew together with the city, as well as many other fellow citizens financially supported “toddler school” (also a School home for schoolchildren and custodial children) at the old castle on the city wall, inaugurated. The spacious rooms also included an apartment for the kindergarten teachers. The master turner's widow Christine Huss was the first (not trained) to look after the children. A trained kindergarten teacher was only hired in 1887 with the Neustadt master basket maker daughter Margarethe Traut, who got an assistant in 1908 and held her position until her retirement in 1927. On January 6, 1927, she was followed by a kindergarten teacher trained in seminars.
Building on the inauguration ceremony for the new Progymnasium, which was also designed as a reunion celebration for former students, a local or city festival was organized in 1927 at the suggestion of the Neustadt und Umgebung Association in Nuremberg and repeated in 1939.
After the republic was proclaimed in Munich on November 8, 1918, a council of workers, farmers and soldiers was formed on November 9 at meetings in the Löwensaal and Sonnensaal under the direction of brush maker Alois Lautenchlager .
In October 1924 the magazine Heimat appeared for the first time as a regular successor to the earlier Geschichtliche Nachrichten . In 1941 the home organ of the historical association Neustadt a. A.
After the organized resident armed forces, which existed in Bavaria and were fighting patriarchally , had been dissolved in 1920 , a group of the Blücherbund and one of the federal Oberland were established in Neustadt , into which the Blücherbund was later incorporated. A local branch of the Reichswehr in Neustadt was founded in 1921 and celebrated the inauguration of a storm flag in June 1923. The few members of the Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten group were brought together with the Reichsflagge organization on a German Day held in Nuremberg .
Neustadt was given a youth hostel in 1922 at Nürnberger Strasse 31 next to the garden of the Eyßelein inn.
The Neustädter Sanitätskolonne, sponsored by all authorities, received an ambulance in 1930, with which they carried out the transport of the sick throughout the district. In the winter of 1932/33 the Kolonna consisted of 90 patient carriers, 4 nurses and 1 disinfector.
National Socialism
NSDAP local group
From the 1920s, Neustadt an der Aisch was a National Socialist stronghold in Middle Franconia . The Neustädter local group of the NSDAP was formally founded for the first time on March 16, 1923 (by at least 17 people) in the Gasthof zum Löwen at Wilhelmstrasse 16. The initiators of the local group had already met (organized by the Dettendorfer elementary school teacher Hans Hertlein) on March 26, 1922 (in a public assembly) and following a speech by Julius Streichers on April 2, 1922 "in the Löwensaale" under the organizational direction of Valentin Lapp (see below) founded a local group of the Deutsche Werkgemeinschaft (DW). The first board member of the DW local group was the railway engineer Christian Lehmann and the secretary of the dentist Georg "Sepp" Sedelmaier (* 1875). When the NSDAP local group was founded, the journalist and editor of the Neue Neustädter Zeitung Georg Gröner (1899–1969) took an opposing position. Groner was in Roman towers above the city of Gustav Sondermann shown later as agitators from the social democratic milieu. At the first party congress of the NSDAP in Munich (January 27-29, 1923), Leonhard Göss (1896–1974), who was born in Ipsheim, and his party comrade Reinhardt from Dottenheim in 1921 were the founders of the 37th Hundred of the SA (later Sturm 14/8 Ipsheim ), part. Göss was the bearer of what is probably Germany's oldest SA flag.
The first local group leader was Wilhelm Burkart (1878–1957) until 1925, the owner of the Neustadt ad Aisch brewery , who had been a member of the German Democratic Party until 1920 . From 1923, the second chairman was the unskilled worker Andreas Hoffmann (* 1897). The first public meeting of the local group (which at the beginning also wrote NSA next to NSDAP) took place on March 25th, as all Neustädter hall owners had canceled, in front of the “Hall of the Burkartschen Sommerkeller” on Neustädter Festplatz, whereby the (in modern times since 1864 Jews residing in Neustadt were forbidden to enter. Interruptions were suppressed by SA members from Ipsheim. Speakers presenting inflammatory slogans were the editor of the propaganda newspaper Deutscher Volkswille Walter Kellerbauer (* 1876) from Nuremberg, Hülf from Ipsheim and Wilhelm Holzwarth from Scheinfeld.
On August 5, 1923, Adolf Hitler (at that time still in short lederhosen) came after he had spoken to grocer and party comrade Konrad Reiss (* 1896 in Neustadt an der Aisch, also known as "Konsi" and "Heringsreiß"), who had spoken to him several times in his office. had promised to go to a rally in the city called “ German Day ”. The event with around 20,000 participants was organized by the local NSDAP group and described by SA leader Fritz Köstner as the largest "gathering of patriotic-minded people in Franconia" to date. The sermon given by the evangelical pastor, church councilor and book author Paul Schaudig (* 1880) on this occasion at the festival service on the Neustadt fairground corresponded completely to the nationalist and national-conservative ideology.
On August 12th, as part of a “republican, national constitutional ceremony”, events with speeches by, for example, the Lord Mayor of Nuremberg Hermann Luppe , against the threat “from the national, anti-democratic forces” followed.
After the result of the Hitler coup took place banning the Nazi party in 1924 by the operating illegally Neustadt local group lectures were organized in which a speaker among others Gustav Sondermann , Heinz Schauwecker , Julius Streicher , Karl Holz and Representative Theodor Doerfler and Dietrich Eckart playgroup occurred .
After the ban was lifted, the local NSDAP group was re-established on May 7, 1925 (from 11, in 1926 all of them were members of the SA). Of the founding members of 1923, only the postal worker Hans Endreß (1895-1970) and Valentin Lapp (1889-1945; electrical engineer of the municipal utilities, who was taken over as a civil servant by the city due to long party membership) were involved again.
The first propaganda leader of the local group was Rudolf Deininger (* 1903 in Baudenbach), 2nd chairman of the merchant and local group founder Fritz Osterlänger (* 1897), in whose house there was a guardhouse of the NSDAP.} One of the early members of the Neustädter NSDAP was the Birkenfeld sauerkraut and grocer Michael Stahl and his son, Fritz Stahl (1901–1969) who became a grocer ( Gebr. Stahl in Neustadt) with his brother Georg Michael Stahl (* 1900 ). Fritz Stahl became a founding member and chairman of the local group in Birkenfeld and had almost all SA and SS transports carried out free of charge through his company.
The propaganda of the local group included, among other things, the invitation of prominent speakers such as at a celebration of the founding of the Reich on January 31, 1926 of the senior government councilor Robert Reinecke (1879-1944) from Würzburg, who worked for the Reich Insurance Institute for Salaried Employees. There were also invitations to lectures in the “Löwensaal”, for example by the Reichstag deputy Hans Dietrich on February 21, 1926. Anti-Semitic lectures were also given there, such as Karl Holz (with titles such as Can a Jew be German? On March 13, 1927 and Das Department store, the mortal enemy of the working people! On December 15, 1928).
The board of directors, initially consisting of three members, was replaced in 1927 by two cashiers (the merchant Johann Wilhelm Daubinger and W. Friedrich), another head of propaganda (the fishmonger mentioned above, who co-founded the local group in 1923, and SA members, later also members of the Schutzstaffel and SS canteen keeper in Nuremberg, Konrad Reiss), a secretary (the newsagents and paints shop owner, who was born in Nuremberg in 1899, and Ernst Müller, who joined the SA), a youth leader (the master tailor Karl Ammon) and an SA leader (Fritz Erlwein) and received on February 2, 1928 further reinforcement through new elections. The first chairman of the local group was, as before, Konrad Wellhöfer and from 1929 Hans Endress became second. In 1928 Heinrich Riedel (* 1895 in Stöckach ), who had been a primary school teacher in Neustadt since 1921, became the treasurer and the secretary Richard Schüßler was secretary. Richard Schüßler (1899–1963), like his brother, the wagoner Fritz Schüßler, belonged to the SA in 1926, was like him one of the founders of the local group from 1925 and in 1939 also joined the newly founded SS. He had handed over the office of secretary to Valentin Lapp in 1929. From April 13, 1929 to 1945, Fritz Erlwein, who had written a chronicle of the local group with Karl Ströbel and who was SA leader until February 1, 1928 when Richard Schüßler was replaced, was the local group leader. In 1929 Erlwein became a member of the city council and in 1931 second mayor.
On January 15, 1928, Adolf Hitler spoke to about 1,800 people at a meeting in the Löwensaal. The shoemaker and police sergeant major Hans Scheller (1906–1988) is said to have stood in front of the overcrowded inn and, before he lost his courage, intended to shoot Hitler with a pistol. Scheller, a native of Neustadt, was active in the workers' Samaritan column, in the local association of the SPD assessors from 1930 to 1933 and from 1966 to 1972 for the SPD in the city council. Konrad Wellhöfer, who was born in Neustadt, had formed a brotherhood with Hitler in the Löwensaal, where Hiter, Wellhöfer and Fritz Erlwein had met in autumn 1927.
In the Reichstag election in 1928, the NSDAP received the most votes in Neustadt. The wine merchant and landlord of the Gasthaus zur Post in Wilhelmstrasse , which existed in the 19th century, received the majority of votes in the district election held in the same year Andreas Schildknecht (1861–1938, from 1913 to 23 August 1917 honorary mayor and co-founder of the NSDAP local group in March 1923), followed by Fritz Erlwein and Ludwig Hegendörfer from Mark Erlbach. On March 23, 1928, the financial politician and revaluation committee member Gottfried Feder gave a lecture at the Zum Löwen inn on the subject of financial policy and Jewish fraud .
Meeting points and meeting places of the National Socialists were next to the party restaurant Gasthaus zur Post by Andreas Schildknecht with the "Schildknechtsgarten" in Wilhelmstrasse, the Gasthaus zum Löwen (with the large "Löwensaal") in Wilhelmstrasse 16 and the Gasthaus zur Sonne (with the "Sonnensaal “) In Nürnberger Straße 18 occasionally also the last blow run by the innkeeper Robert Wagner in Bamberger Straße 29 and the Humbser-Bräustübl (owner: Bogner) in Ludwigstraße 19.
In 1929, the local branch of the NSDAP held its general assembly in the Gasthaus Zur Sonne on February 21 , in the same year numerous other meetings and events (in Neustadt alone eight major events with some prominent propaganda speakers such as Wilhelm Holzwarth or the Reichstag member Gregor Strasser, who grew up in Windsheim on January 7th (in the Löwensaal), on November 28th the Gau youth leader and later Nuremberg city councilor Rudolf Gugel in the "Small Sun Room" of the Gasthaus Zur Sonne (where he also spoke on October 14th 1930) and on November 29th Rudolf Buttman , the NSDAP parliamentary group leader in the Bavarian state parliament, in the “Sonnensaal.” Other appearances in 1929 were, for example, Hermann Esser , the Gauleiter of Brandenburg Wilhelm Kube on November 20 in the “Löwensaal”, the aforementioned Robert Reinecke from Würzburg, Wilhelm Frick and the Reichsführer Hitler Youth Kurt Gruber as well as Arthur Göpfert in July and the murderer Edmund Hein on August 28th it . On December 6th, the Frankish SA leader Wilhelm Stegmann spoke in a public meeting of voters in the Löwensaal on the subject of beauty and dignity ). Hitler's 40th birthday on April 20, 1929 was celebrated with a rally organized by the NSDAP with a torchlight procession on Neustädter Marktplatz (the speaker was the teacher, SA standard leader and district leader Roth).
1928 to 1933
After the city council election on December 7, 1929, the NSDAP moved in with the five councilors Fritz Erlwein, Konrad Wellhöfer, Heinrich Riedel, Georg Holzmann (* 1887; master painter and founding member from 1923, later SS officer and head of the security team in the Oranienburg concentration camp ) and Andreas Beyer in the Neustadt city council. However, Andreas Beyer was not elected as the second mayor of the NSDAP, but the businessman Richard Dollinger (father of Werner Dollinger ) from the economic bloc was re-elected .
In 1930 the NSDAP achieved an absolute majority of voters. This year and in the years to come, other major NSDAP events took place in Neustadt and the surrounding area, including regional speakers such as senior teacher Ludwig Schmuck , who gave a speech on November 9, 1930 on the Neustädter Schnappenstein in front of SA people and many Neustadt residents held on the day of popular mourning and lectured in the Gasthaus zur Sonne on December 4, 1930 and several times in 1931 at public speaking evenings, who worked as a primary school teacher in Dettendorf until 1929 and then as a main teacher in Neustadt and was friends with Julius Streicher, Hans Hertlein (1875–1951) and others in the 1930s active speakers of the well-networked “Neustädter Teachers Brigade” were invited again to propaganda speakers (for example Karl Fiehler from Munich and, as in 1927 and 1928, Albert Forster from Fürth as well as Wilhelm Frick, who has meanwhile become Thuringian Minister of the Interior). The theology student (student of Werner Elerts ) and NSDAP party comrade Fritz Seyboth (1907–1974) Neustadt also appeared as a speaker from 1927 to 1931, who preached so agitatively in the sense of National Socialist ideology (he was vicar in Neustadt in 1931 , then pastor) that he was reprimanded by his superior Friedrich Ringler (dean of Ingolstadt 1924 to 1930) and even by Franz Schmid (dean of Rosenheim from 1933), who was close to the NSDAP. In addition to the speaking evenings and meetings of the NSDAP, so-called SA appeals were held in 1927 .
In 1931 the party, supported by the Nuremberg city councilor Willy Liebel , won a majority in the Neustadt city council by means of a referendum and referendum and organized several lectures and so-called speech evenings (as in 1930 again in the "Small Sun Room"). Karl Seyboth, who appeared at such speaking evenings, was district propaganda leader of the NSDAP and wrote in a retrospective of 1931: "But we made Neustadt a stronghold of National Socialism in which the swastika banner is blowing from the town hall for the second time in Germany". On the evening before the municipal elections on July 19, 1931, the then Deggendorf public prosecutor Karl Schlumprecht appeared in Neustadt as the Reich speaker of the Hitler movement. The First Mayor Leonhard Bankel (1883–1974), who was active from April 25, 1921 to 1945, opened the first session of the new city council. Andreas Beyer became the second mayor. The Neustädter SA group , whose “swearing in” for the “ Hitler putsch ” supported by it with the storming of the barracks in Erlangen in November 1923 in October 1923 in the Hasengründlein, a little away from the city near the Lohmühle, by the Neustädter District Office Secretary and SA -Führer Georg Linberger (1887–1927) had taken over in the summer of 1931 by Richard Hänsel (* 1888; NSDAP member since 1927), who was elected to the city council in July, and Max Florentin Hammon ( * 1892), the adjutant of Hans Kehrberger. The bristle dresser Georg Müller (* 1910 in Würzburg), who was also a member of the church council from 1933, was the organizer of the pioneer storm and from 1935 was the district leader of the German Labor Front (DAF) acted as 2nd SA storm leader . An SS storm was set up in Neustadt in 1931. The SS local group, founded by Fritz Erlwein on May 20, 1931 and led from 1931 to 1945, had a leading position as a troop leader of the butcher, supporter of National Socialism and later SA Obersturmführer Johann "Hans" Martin Rößner (1891-1943). From July 1932 to July 1938 the operations manager Albert Ernst Jäger (* 1897), adjutant of the Nuremberg city councilor Hans Bäselsöder, was SS-Sturmbannführer in Neustadt. Erlwein became Obersturmführer on November 9, 1943.
On January 15, 1928, Adolf Hitler spoke at a NSDAP meeting in the Neustädter Gasthaus Zum Löwen . On the occasion of this propaganda speech in the “Löwensaal”, Hitler also welcomed the SA group, which has now grown to 30 members. In January 1932 Neustadt became the seat of Standard 8 "Otto Roth" under the command of the teacher and Hans Kehrberger (* 1896), who had been working as a propaganda speaker since 1929. On March 7, 1932, Hitler (a German citizen since February 25, 1932) received party chairman Hans from the Social Democrats, despite the legal concerns of Bankel and several city council members (including Max Krämer as a representative of the citizens and farmers, Max Greb and Hans Winter from the Economic Bloc) Strauss, the innkeeper of the SPD party club Bräustübl Josef Kohlmannslehner and Hans Lindner, who also belongs to the social democratic parliamentary group, was granted honorary citizenship by the city council with 14 votes to 7. On March 10, 1932, the " Femerichter " Paul Schulz spoke at a mass meeting in the festival hall on Neustädter Festplatz.
On July 10, 1932, the “voice catcher” Prince August Wilhelm von Prussia (1887–1949) held a propaganda speech that inspired the “ masses” on the Neustädter Festplatz at a rally attended by thousands of people, after which the resigned city councilor, brush maker and Deputy SPD local chairwoman Heinrich (or Heinz) Gesell (1888–1959) accused by the National Socialists of putting red-brown lettering directed against them on houses in the city as a participant in a Hindenburg committee, and of having been beaten. 1932 occurred reorganization of the local branch as the establishment of a working cell , the establishment of an official organization (under the control bailiff Sixtus Meier), the establishment of a HJ -Jungengruppe, the election of voluntary municipal architect Max Ludwig Gessner (chairman of an anti-Semitic "Action Committee") and the creation of a voluntary labor service as well as the establishment of a BdM girls' group under the leadership of Else Margarethe Hertlein (1915–1998; from 1935 to 1950 first wife of Gauamtsleiter Fritz Schöller, who was a follower of the Neustädter Hitler-Jugend in 1932 ). Head of the Neustadt ad Aisch district was from July 1, 1928, the anti-Semitic Otto Roth (1900-1932), who had been appointed the day before , was a teacher in Petersaurach, Brunn, Emskirchen and Schornweisach and was appointed member of the Central Franconian state parliament in April 1932. After his death on September 3, 1932, before which he was appointed SS-Standartenführer on his deathbed , and the elaborate and as a rally with prominent speakers and participants (such as Streicher , Buttmann , Josef Dietrich , Hildebrandt , Curt Wittje and Wilhelm Stegmann ) designed funeral on September 6, 1932, the area in front of the Neustädter Friedhof was called Otto-Roth-Anlage . A country youth home for HJ, BdM, young people and young girls in Dachsbach was also named after Otto Roth, who was stylized as an idol and later received further honors (such as an Otto Roth Foundation or an Otto Roth Memorial Staffel in 1938 ) .
From 1927/28 there was also a local group of the People's Federation for Germanness Abroad (VDA) in Neustadt , which was headed by Paul Kegler, the director of the Humanist Progymnasium, and both in the school (there were VDA groups at the Progymnasium, the Realschule , the vocational training school and at the agricultural school) as well as in the public, for example through an event with the race researcher Albrecht Wirth , spread national or ethnic ideas. A larger meeting of the National Socialist factory cell organization in Neustadt ad Aisch took place on September 22, 1932 in the Löwensaal . In 1932 other NSDAP propaganda events took place, such as an overcrowded event on foreign policy in the Gasthaus zur Sonne on July 26, 1932 with Vivian Stranders (1881–1959), the former British aviator of the Royal Flying Corps , who worked for the German secret service after the First World War worked, had assumed German citizenship in 1932 and became SS-Sturmbannführer as well as operating anti-British radio propaganda as a "mediator", and one on October 23 in the same location an anti-Semitic and anti-communist lecture by NSDAP member and nationalist esoteric Gregor Schwartz-Bostunitsch and im Löwensaal on October 10th, a song evening entitled “Freedom Rally ” with the song composer and singer Sepp Summer from Styria. From 1933, Lisette Leierer (* 1900) from Neustadt became a member of the National Socialist Women's Association and in 1939 became the district leader . A Neustädter local group of the German Women's Order founded in 1926 , called "Red Swastika", existed since 1927 under the direction of Margarete Liebermann (1875–1963) and from 1929 was deputy headed by Franziska Reiss (1913–1987), a member of the extended committee of Local group tour was. The founder and chairwoman of the German Women's Order , Elsbeth Zander, gave a lecture in Neustadt at the end of 1927 on the topic of the German people's struggle for space and bread and brought about the creation of the local branch of the “Women's Order”. The German Evangelical Women's Association , founded in autumn 1932 and led by Pastor Ernst Preu, who has been active in Neustadt since March 1929, and his wife Betty, née Riemann, with the assistance of Sister Martha and the economics teacher E. Seyboth, was not an ideologically determined women's group.
Otto Roth's successor as NSDAP district leader or district leader was Hans Bäselsöder, previously Roth's constant companion, from September 1932 to October 31, 1933, followed by Adolf Meyer (in the Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 List, a comrade of Adolf Hitler who served him in the First World War I supposed to have saved life), from April 1937 to 1940 the studied farmer (and adjutant of the Gauleiter Julius Streicher ) Julius Seiler (see below), who had joined the SA-Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler (regiment List in Munich) in 1931 and as SA -Member had become Obertruppführer in 1934, and Hans Krehmer (* 1901) until 1945.
1933 to 1945
After preliminary negotiations between the local NSDAP and the church leadership, a list of proposals was drawn up, which had a significant impact on the election results in the church council election on July 23, 1933. Only one of the eleven previous church leaders was re-elected (when the regional bishop Meiser was appointed in June 1933, the church council rejected the broadcast of the media-staged event from the Nuremberg Lorenz Church). From 1934, however, most NSDAP members increasingly distanced themselves from the church.
In 1937, Fritz Erlwein, who in 1933/34 as chairman of the Sparkasse Committee and with the approval of Sparkasse Manager Gramming, had ensured the early retirement of Hans Heubeck (1893-1958), a Sparkasse employee who was heavily involved in the church and later clerk of the 1938 handwritten and up to Chronicle of the Neustädter NSDAP local group, with his family from the Protestant church, from January 30, 1933.
From 1933 onwards, Catholic clergy and church members were harassed more often by the National Socialists (for example through house searches). The names of the worshipers were noted down by District School Councilor Paul Schöller (1875–1945), the father of the teacher and co-founder of the NSDAP local groups in Schwabach and Neustadt Fritz Schöller (1909–1973), and the district doctor Alfons Pelzner. The church council and Richard Pfeiffer (1867–1943), who worked as dean from 1920 and who, among other things, had rendered outstanding services to the restoration of the high altar of the town church, was to be replaced at the instigation of the National Socialists by an incumbent "with a positive attitude to the new state" ( Senior veterinarian, NSDAP and church board member Ernst Nusser). After the pastor and church councilor Ernst Preu (1885-1958; brother of the church director of St. Gumbertus in Ansbach, who is affiliated with the German Christians ), the successor, however, the Burghaslach dean, Max Herold, who was critical of National Socialism, became dean in 1934 in Neustadt.
Even if several Protestant clergymen (such as Heinrich Freiherr von Hausen in his farewell sermon in Scheinfeld) expressed their disapproval of National Socialism in the district, there was a clear criticism of National Socialist policy, such as that from 1931 by Karl-Heinz Becker (Pastor ) was practiced, rarely in the Neustadt area. The local NSDAP group also organized events (e.g. Christmas celebrations) to which Protestant pastors close to the National Socialist ideology were invited from outside, such as Martin Weigel from Nuremberg and Max Sauerteig from Ansbach. The Protestant pastor Ernst Pauli, who worked in Münchsteinach (among other things in 1921 as the founder of the trombone choir there) and from 1927 to 1933 in Heßberg , Thuringia , spoke in December 1931 (in front of over 700 people in the Löwensaal) and in January 1932 (in Münchsteinach) and presented in his Lecture Christ Cross and Swastika even portrayed the Hitler movement as a God-willed development for Germany.
In 1923 allied representatives of Free Trade Unions and Social Democrats called for a boycott of the Burkart brewery through Michael Kaspar (1899–1944), the then leader of the Young Socialists (from 1933 NSDAP local group leader in Birkenfeld) after the brewery owner Wilhelm Burkart had supposedly allowed that at the already mentioned meeting on March 25th in the Burkartschen summer cellar anti-Jewish and anti-republican statements were made. One days after Kaspar held a meeting of the Young Socialists on April 12, 1923 in the Gasthaus Lauerhaß (presumably the Gasthof zum Löwen by Hans Lauerhaas ), the “Neustädter Beer Boycott” was lifted again.
The pastor Ernst Goos, who represented the Bavarian State Federation with Johann Frühwald in 1925, had become an opponent of the National Socialists through Gustav Sondermann . Under the leadership of Michael Kaspar, Hans Münch, Georg Völlinger and Andreas Serbi, the Neustädter Social Democrats founded a "German Democratic Protection Association" in view of the physical attacks that had taken place by Nazi thugs since 1923. In May 1930, with the support of Hermann Luppe , a Neustädter local group of the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold , to which the brush maker Georg Schwarz (* 1908) belonged, was founded in opposition to the "swastika activists" . As early as 1923 and 1925, social-democratic and republican-motivated events took place in Neustadt under the "banner of freedom and the republic" (in the Löwensaal), also (in the sun room) with the participation of Karl Reitz, the district chairman of the Reichsbanner from Nuremberg. Heinrich Gesell, mentioned above, wrote in response to a response to his accusation of “street pollution” in a newspaper edition of July 18, 1932: “But - thank God - Neustadt is not Germany. Hopefully all just thinking residents will oppose such a dictatorship and injustice. Lord forgive them for they don't know what they are doing. "
The aforementioned city councilor Max Greb, like his fellow city councilors Hans Winter and Max Krämer as well as members of the SPD, turned against resolutions passed by the NSDAP parliamentary group around 1932 to discriminate and systematically boycott Jewish businesses (the NSDAP local group denounced advertising as early as 1927 to 1931 Jewish business people publicly and presented the purchase in Jewish shops as a "crime against one's own people"). The Neustädter District Administrator Dr. Kalb intervened in vain against the National Socialist smear campaigns against the government of Upper and Middle Franconia. Well-established regulars also avoided the Zur Post inn on Wilhelmstrasse, which belonged to the early member and co-founder of the NSDAP local group Andreas Schildknecht , after the NSDAP local group had their regular table there.
Between 1933 and 1938 Jews from Neustadt emigrated to places in the area (e.g. Nuremberg, Diespeck, Bad Kissingen, Bamberg and Würzburg), but also to Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt am Main, Hanover or the USA, especially after a pogrom organized against the cutlery dealer Heinrich Saemann on February 4, 1936. Jewish dealers had been discriminated against for years at this time, in autumn 1927 for example the Neustädter hop preparation and packaging institute J. &. J. Sternau (the dealer was referred to as a "hop Jew" by the members of the NSDAP local group and was portrayed as a criminal businessman). In 1931 he was still involved in the parish fair shooting of the Royal Privileged Rifle Society founded in 1828 and was successful in the Central Franconian federal shooting in 1932, the shooting brother Siegfried Sternau in Neustadt was no longer present at the parish fair shooting in 1932 and was excluded from the shooting club at the request of the younger members. In the apartment of the Sternau family, which had been harassed by Fritz Erlwein since 1926, a pogrom broke out from November 9th to 10th, 1938 , in which Erlwein and the Sparkasse messenger, local health insurance supervisor and SA senior squad leader Fritz Billmann (1905– 1961), but according to a letter of relief from Barbara Sternau written in 1947, he protected the children's room. The next day Erlwein forced Walter Sternau to sell his property to him - his neighbor - well below its value. The Jewish businessman Simon Schloß (* 1884 in Gunzendorf) was arrested in 1933 after he was wrongly accused of a criminal offense (a lawyer named Beyer had shot the SS man Julius Probst in the knee) in the context of a "hate speech", but was able to do so be exonerated by District Administrator Kraus and a Nuremberg police officer. Schloß emigrated to Bolivia in 1939. Albert Saemann (1895–1942), who was deported in October 1942 from the Gestapo area in Nuremberg / Fürth, Würzburg branch, died in the Theresienstadt ghetto in September 1942, was one of the citizens of Neustadt who were deported. Only a few people offered resistance or protest. For example the master butcher F. Heinritz (member of the city council and the NSDAP from 1931 to 1933) and the master tailor Hans Hegerlik.
The Jewish merchant Iwan Schwab (1889–1943) was able to operate his 40-year-old Schwab Brothers business in Neustadt until 1928, despite isolated calls for boycotts , before the NSDAP local group initiated further actions against Jewish businesses from the winter of the same year. Schwab, an opponent of the NSDAP, was, according to critical statements, beaten up by SA thugs on March 26, 1922 at the public founding meeting of the NSDAP local group in the "Löwensaal". In 1932 he moved with his family to Würzburg, where he resided again after a failed attempt to leave the country in 1939, when he was imprisoned by the Nuremberg Gestapo before he came to Nuremberg in March 1943 and was deported from there to Auschwitz the following June , where he and his wife Hilda, nee Glaser, were murdered on September 1, 1943 (see also the list of stumbling blocks in Würzburg : Schillerstraße 8). He bequeathed his house at Marktplatz 10 ( Hotel zur Krone ) to the city of Neustadt in 1934.
A stumbling block was set in Neustadt for Liesl Schwab (* 1920), who was adopted by the Schwab couple in 1922 and who had managed to emigrate to England , as well as for Hans Schwab, whose picture was retouched by the photographer from a class photo from the school year 1935/36 was after Jewish students of the Humanist Progymnasium and Realschule were taken out of classes. The merchant Karl Wollenreich (* 1890), who came from Kaubenheim and moved to Neustadt with his family in 1903, who had become the head of the Israelite community in 1934, was also a well-known and as such defamed Jewish opponent of the National Socialists. From 1922 he was married to Betta Stein from Windsheim. Her daughter Edith left Neustadt in April 1937 and emigrated to Israel. The above-mentioned journalist Georg “Oschi” Gröner was arrested on March 11, 1933 and sent to the Dachau concentration camp. He was able to escape from there on May 4, 1934, but was arrested again in September 1939 and sent to the concentration camp via the Gestapo prison in Fürth Sachsenhausen transferred. Subsequently (1940) he was taken to the Dachau concentration camp, where (described in several letters of thanks - for example from Albert Roßhaupter , Erwein von Aretin and Alois Hundhammer ) he acted as a helpful, unselfish and sincere person. In 1942 he was sent to the Majdanek / Lublin concentration camp and to Mauthausen in 1944. He was liberated on May 9, 1945. Kaspar Müller, who was born in Baudenbach and was a member of the KPD and who was sent to the Dachau concentration camp in 1933 and liberated from the Mauthausen camp in 1945, is documented as an opponent of the National Socialists. Wilhelm Kohlmannslehner, the son of the SPD city councilor Josef Kohlmannslehner, the bricklayer Georg Peter Lindner, the wood turner and later measurement assistant Friedrich Müller and the communist Hans Schaumburg (* 1892 in Wächtersbach) were also imprisoned in 1933 as so-called protective prisoners in the Dachau concentration camp . Mayor Bankel campaigned for Kohlmannslehner's release, and for that of Schaumburg, the butcher Hans Rößner. With the help of the police, during the pogrom night of 1938, Julius Seiler, who later served as district leader of the NSDAP from 1937 to 1940, prevented the synagogue, which had existed in Neustadt since 1880, from burning down (in 1940 Seiler was relieved of his office, became a farmer in Asia Minor and in 1942 a press attaché the German embassy in Ankara. In 1945, Seiler became a Quaker ). After Judaism had died out in Neustadt in November 1938, the synagogue was sold and later demolished and completely demolished (many grave monuments in the cemetery above Diespeck were also destroyed).
The clergyman and Catholic parish priest Konrad Pregler (1883–1952), whose sermons were monitored and whose apartment in the parsonage, including the sacristy and the church tower, had been searched without giving any reason, owed the pastor's office and Catholic parish priest, who was reported to have not flagged the parish office on the occasion of the election in the Sudetenland in December 1938 According to the evangelical SS member Friedrich Scheuenpflug (1872–1950), the owner of a brewery at Bambergerstrasse 10, the district administration in Nuremberg refrained from taking him to the Dachau concentration camp in 1943. In denazification proceedings after the war, Pregler issued exonerating affidavits to many of the incriminated people .
The Jewish lawyer Leo Stahl (born July 11, 1885 in Neustadt) was also placed in “protective custody” on November 11, 1938, but was released from Dachau concentration camp on December 7th.
The memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 lists 14 Jewish residents of Neustadt an der Aisch who were murdered in the Holocaust .
The office of the local group leader took over organizationally at the beginning of the war in 1939, after Erlwein had become deputy district leader, who had been a party speaker since 1927 and a city councilor from December 1929 and from 1934 to 1945 as district judge of the NSDAP, who had been appointed senior teacher in Neustadt since 1939 and as rector since 1941 Heinrich Riedel (1895–1964) worked at the Neustädter Girls' School. On April 20, 1944, this section leader was promoted to the position of district chief.
One of the last major National Socialist rallies in Neustadt, which was advertised in the Neustädter Anzeigeeblatt by propaganda leader Paul Steven (1887–1961) and district leader Hans Krehmer (see above), took place on June 27, 1943 with thousands of participants from all over the district, where as a speaker Karl Holz (meanwhile, among other things, Reich Defense Commissioner) had appeared again.
On April 13, 1945 the Aischbrücken were blown up. Valentin Lapp (see above) was killed.
The local group leader Erlwein, also known as the "bull of Neustadt" because of his ruthless and cruel practice of the Nazi tyranny, fled Neustadt in April 1945. He traveled together with the expelled from the NSDAP, originally at the request of district leader Fink due to removal of "national emblem of the Nazi Party from its Gasthaus" Zur Post condemned Henry Schildknecht (1891-1970), Tyrol (Henry Schildknecht, son of native New Town Privateer and former mayor Andreas Schildknecht, was an innkeeper, wine merchant, co-founder of the NSDAP local group from 1923 and city councilor from 1931. As the host of the party club on Wilhelmstrasse, where SS standard leader Erhard Müller also frequented, he was called "Schildknechtsheiner"). After the armistice became known, Erlwein returned to Bavaria. He died on May 13, 1945 in Hörlkofen (Wörth ad Donau). His family was expelled from the city until 1950. After internment in Hammelburg in 1948, his companion Heinrich Schildknecht was classified as a follower in the court proceedings and died on September 2, 1970 in Neustadt.
The innkeeper’s son and Georg Groscurth (1896–1969), who ran a textile goods store in Neustadt with his brother-in-law Schmid at Wilhelmstraße 5, was the battalion leader of the Volkssturm, which was called up by order of the district leader, towards the end of the war . He refused the request of the district leader and his staff to flee in April 1945. In 1949, Groscurth, portrayed as an idealistic person in the denazification process, was classified in the group of followers.
Post-war years
After 1945, with the expellees from the Sudetenland, musical instrument making and the textile industry came to the city as new, characteristic branches. Neustadt survived the Second World War largely unscathed. Mayor as successor to Leonhard Bankel was initially the National Socialist opponent and previously supervised by the Gestapo high school professor and later District Administrator Heinrich Sperber (1887–1971). Karl Schmalenberg (1883-1954), who had been a professor at the Humanistic Progymnasium since 1929, was particularly involved in the reconstruction of the Neustädter Gymnasium, which had been expanded from a six-class high school to a full institution under Sperber's direction (1945–1952) in 1946. From 1969 to 1980 16 districts were incorporated into Neustadt. As part of the district reform , the city became the administrative seat of the newly formed district of Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim. In the last two decades of the 20th century, Neustadt also experienced a development typical of many small towns: bypasses were built, the cultural program was expanded and the renovation of the old town advanced, new residential and commercial areas were designated. With the creation of a pedestrian zone around the market square, automobile traffic in the city center was severely restricted.
In 1956 the foundation stone for the hospital building decided in 1955 was laid in Paracelsusstraße. This health care facility replaced the municipal hospital housed in the old Margrave Castle. From the Neustadt ad Aisch district hospital , which was inaugurated on April 30, 1958 and initially had 124 beds (in 1982 there were 216) under the chief physicians Karl-Friedrich Fick (born January 10, 1920 in Nuremberg) for surgery and Arno Bulitta for internal medicine the municipal company Kliniken des Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch - Bad Windsheim has developed and operates the district's clinics and a medical care center in Neustadt ad Aisch and Bad Windsheim.
A nurses' home was inaugurated on February 17, 1961. The district council, to which the later Federal Minister Werner Dollinger belonged, unanimously decided on October 19, 1962, to expand the hospital from November 1963 to December 1966. 1962. A nursing school was opened on October 1, 1963, and from April 1, 1974, students from the Augustinum Abbey Clinic in Bad Windsheim were added to their theoretical training. The premises of this central school were no longer sufficient and the Neustädter Nursing School received a new building in 1974, which was inaugurated on January 24, 1975. A first hospital pharmacy was affiliated as a composite pharmacy in February 1983. Right from the start, the hospital had a department for eye diseases, plus one for ear, nose and throat diseases and, since 1977, one for urology. The number of births performed in the hospital per year rose (with a clear " kink " between 1970 and 1980) from 126 to 629 by 1982 (in 1979 the obstetric and gynecological department had a new maternity ward and in 1983 additional rooms). Under his medical director Fick, a new surgery department was created at the end of 1982 as part of the modernization work that began in 1978.
See also
literature
Monographs
- Matthias Salomon Schnizzer: Chronica of the city of Neustatt an der Aysch. 1708 (and 1938), Ph. CW Schmidt publishing house, Neustadt an der Aisch, 2nd, unchanged edition, ibid 1978, ISBN 3-87707-012-4 .
- Max Döllner : Development history of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch up to 1933. Ph. C. W. Schmidt, Neustadt a. d. Aisch 1950, OCLC 42823280 ; New edition to mark the 150th anniversary of the Ph. C. W. Schmidt publishing house, Neustadt an der Aisch 1828–1978. Ibid 1978, ISBN 3-87707-013-2 .
- Max Döllner: On the early history of Riedfeld and Neustadt an der Aisch. The Franconian settlement and Christianization of the Aisch valley and its neighborhood. Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1939.
- Alfons Kalb: History of the high school in Neustadt ad Aisch. 1st part: until the year 1730. 2nd part: beginnings of the Princely School. (= Scientific supplement to the annual report of the Progymnasium Neustadt / Aisch ) Ph.CWSchmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1919–1920 - around 1920, Kalb was the director of studies in Neustadt.
- Karl Ströbel with the participation of Hans Heubeck, Hanns Kügler, Karl Seyboth (annual report 1931), Fritz Schöller (annual report 1932) and Fritz Erlwein: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch. The development of the local group Neustadt ad A. of the NSDAP (further headings and subtitles: Chronicle started in the Third Reich in the sense of our Führer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler. Chronicle of our local group Neustadt an der Aisch. Founded March 16, 1923. ) G. Emmerich, Dresden 1938; Edition in: Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 283–365.
- City of Neustadt ad Aisch, Committee I for the Heimatfest 1980 (ed.): Neustadt an der Aisch. Printing house Ph. C. W. Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1980.
- G. Limbacher: Evang. Luth. Stadtkirche Neustadt ad Aisch (= Little Art Guide. 1488). Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1984.
- Wolfgang Mück: In the middle of Franconia: Neustadt an der Aisch. Political, economic and cultural center in Aischgrund (= publications of the Society for Franconian History eV, Würzburg. Series XIII, New Year's Papers. Issue 42). Degener & Co., Neustadt ad Aisch 1999; 2nd, expanded edition, ibid 2001, ISBN 3-7686-9260-4 .
- Georg Ludwig Lehnes : Neustadt ad Aisch. A memorial to the burn down that happened two hundred years ago. Neustadt an der Aisch 1834 ( scan in Google book search); 2nd edition, ed. by Fritz Schmidt, ibid, 1921.
- Wolfgang Mück: Nazi stronghold in Middle Franconia: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch 1922–1933 (= highlights from local history. Special volume 4). Verlag Philipp Schmidt, 2016, ISBN 978-3-87707-990-4 .
items
- Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : History of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 2 : El-H . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1800, DNB 790364298 , OCLC 833753081 , Sp. 782-783 ( digitized version ).
- Hanns Hubert Hofmann : Neustadt-Windsheim (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Franconia . I, 2). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1953, DNB 452071216 , p. 116 ( digitized version ). Ibid. S. 188 ( digitized version ).
- Enrique Otte, Jakob and Hans Cromberger and Lazarus Nürnberger, the founders of the German American trade in: Mitteilungen des Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg (MGVN) 52, 1963/64, p. 129.
- Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 160-161 .
- Hans Sponholz et al. (Ed.): District Neustadt an der Aisch . Verl. F. Authorities and Economy Hoeppner, Aßling-Pörsdorf / Obb. 1972, DNB 720137675 , p. 60-69 .
- Richard Strobel: District Neustadt an der Aisch (= Bavarian art monuments . Volume 32 ). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1972, DNB 730125742 , p. 128-148 .
Web links
- Website of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch
- Gernot Schmidt: Local history excursion
- Entry on the coat of arms of the history of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch in the database of the House of Bavarian History
- Neustadt an der Aisch in the historical directory of the association for computer genealogy
- History of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch: Official statistics of the LfStat
Remarks
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu Max Döllner: Development history of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch up to 1933. 1950.
- ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 85 (The history of the city church) - online version .
- ^ Diocese of Würzburg: Website: History. In: bistum-wuerzburg.de, accessed on January 28, 2018.
- ^ Klaus Weyer: Carolingian donations to the diocese of Würzburg at www.weyer-neustadt.de .
- ↑ Reinhard Seyboth: Handbook of Courtyards and Residences in the Late Medieval Empire. Volume 15.I, pp. 416-419 ( Neustadt an der Aisch ).
- ^ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, p. 97 .
- ↑ W.-A. Reitzenstein, p. 160 f.
- ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 85 (The history of the city church) - online version .
- ↑ Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant city church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 85 ( online version ).
- ↑ For the location a little south of the Diespecker Tor, see Max Döllner (1950), leaflet between pp. II and III (“Die Fürstliche Kellereÿ”) and pp. 33 f.
- ↑ Gernot Schmidt: An excursion into the cellar and hallway labyrinth of Neustadt. Neustadt an der Aisch ( online version ).
- ^ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, p. 115 f. .
- ↑ According to Döllner “Residence of a class of gentlemen, officers and civil servants”. See Max Döllner (1950), pp. 99 and 425.
- ↑ Cf. Gernot Schmidt: Local history excursion in and around Neustadt / Aisch. Neustadt an der Aisch with all sights, gates, towers and walls. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 143, painting by Georgy Zampella from 1942 ( online version ).
- ^ Max Döllner: Neustadt and surroundings in the oldest preserved land register of the burgraves of Nuremberg (1361-1364). Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1939.
- ↑ The Hohenzollern also retained this right and other rights in 1427 when they sold their burned-down castle in front of the Nuremberg Imperial Castle to Nuremberg.
- ^ Adolf Eckstein : History of the Jews in the Margraviate Bayreuth. B. Seligsberg, Bayreuth 1907 ( digitized version ), pp. 1 and 5.
- ↑ Matthias Salomon Schnizzer: Chronicle of the city Neustatt at the Aysch. 1708.
- ↑ Vicedom was initially for the higher administrative officer, who was called Obervogt in 1461 , then Oberamtmann , from 1487 to 1516 and from 1547 to 1553 governor , after 1557 governor and from 1673 again governor. Max Döllner (1950), pp. 105 and 108.
- ↑ When “Nivenstat” became Neustadt. Celebration of the 700th anniversary of the city elevation - keynote lecture with Dr. Wolfgang Mück. In: Fränkische Landeszeitung from September 7, 2018.
- ↑ Harald Munzinger: Department of seven becomes Unesco World Heritage Site . In: www.nordbayern.de, July 5, 2017, accessed on March 7, 2018.
- ↑ The "Lindenstrasse" and its roots in Neustadt. In: Northern Bavaria. December 13, 2018.
- ^ Heinrich Wilhelm Bensen : History of the Peasant War in Eastern Franconia. Edited from the sources. Erlangen 1840; Reprint Scientia, Aalen 1978.
- ↑ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, pp. 129–136 , here: p. 130.
- ^ Franconica-Online: Reform of jurisdiction and fiscal 1446, intervention against the followers of the Hussite preacher Friedrich Müller 1446 (sheet 454r) .
- ↑ See on this Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg # 1803: Continuation of studies despite the closure of the university .
- ↑ Max Döllner: Report of an eyewitness about the destruction of Neustadt in the Federal War in 1553. Ph.CW Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1938.
- ^ Rolf Heyers: Dr. Georg Marius, called Mayer von Würzburg (1533-1606). (Dental) medical dissertation Würzburg 1957, p. 45 f.
- ↑ Max Döllner: Report of an eyewitness about the destruction of Neustadt in the Federal War in 1553. Ph.CW Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1938.
- ^ Friedrich Freiherr von Bibra: The Aischgrund during the 30 Years War. Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1937.
- ↑ Eberhard Krauss: Exulanten im Evang.-Luth. Deanery Neustadt an der Aisch (= sources and research on Franconian family history. Volume 27). Nuremberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-929865-32-5 .
- ↑ Lehnes (1834), p. 141 f. ( Scan in google book search).
- ↑ Superintendent Räthel (like most of the citizens) was benevolent towards the Huguenots and later also took part in a meeting about their church organization in Erlangen. See Döllner (1950), pp. 213 f. And 288 f.
- ↑ The office of superintendent preceded that of dean .
- ^ History of the Friedrich Alexander University. In: fau.de, accessed on May 1, 2019.
- ↑ For the pupil KB Langhammer from St. Petersburg, the Empress Catherine II of Russia had a tomb that has since been removed.
- ↑ After Pietism was stopped in July 1743, Dörfler remained head of the school until 1790 and then went first to the parish of Konradsreuth, then to Wunsiedel. See Max Döllner (1950), p. 367.
- ↑ The Pietist, who was born as the son of an Austrian emigrant in Neustadt and who has been working at the school since 1741, went to Castell as court preacher and consistorial councilor for the entire church system after pietism and separatism were stopped. See Max Döllner (1950), p. 367.
- ↑ Gernot Schmidt: panel old gym / old riding hall. In: schmidt-gernot-neustadt.hpage.com, accessed on April 29, 2019.
- ↑ Harald J. Munzinger: Jean Paul: Memory of "Neustadt-Schwärmer". In: nordbayern.de, March 17, 2013, accessed on April 29, 2019.
- ↑ In 1769 the Margraviate Bayreuth was reunited with Ansbach.
- ↑ HH Hofmann, p. 116.
- ↑ The Neustädter Kreis , newly created in 1797, consisted from 1803 to 1812 of five “chamber offices” (Neustadt, Hoheneck, Emskirchen, Markt-Bibart and Iphofen) and justice offices adapted to them. See Max Döllner (1950), pp. 110 and 317 f.
- ^ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, Neustadt, p. 16 f. , and p. 125 f.
- ↑ Gasthaus zur Sonne: Website .
- ↑ Cf. also Camille de Tournon: The province of Bayreuth under French rule (1806-1810) by Baron Camille de Tournon, director of the province. Translated and edited by Ludwig v. Fahrmbacher. G. Kohler, Wunsiedel 1900.
- ^ Address and statistical manual for the Rezatkreis in the Kingdom of Baiern . Buchdruckerei Chancellery, Ansbach 1820, p. 59 ( digitized version ). HH Hofmann p. 222.
- ↑ HH Hofmann, p. 188.
- ↑ The inns on the green tree are among the oldest in Germany.
- ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census. Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, Section II, Col. 807.
- ↑ The old Latin school (re-established in 1567) was located on the side of the town church closer to the castle. Cf. Max Döllner (1950), leaflet between pp. II and III .; Gernot Schmidt: The Protestant town church of St. John the Baptist. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 2 (The environment of the Protestant town church) - online version .
- ↑ See Max Döllner (1950), p. 582.
- ^ Hans Lottes: 150 Years of the Nuremberg Industrial and Cultural Association .
- ^ Albert Gieseler: Brewery Neustadt an der Aisch, Gebr. Burkart.
- ^ The institution of the town musician (as head of the "town music") already existed in the margravial time. See Max Döllner (1950), p. 663.
- ^ Friedrich Rieger: Hundred Years of Liedertafel Neustadt ad Aisch. 1834-1934. Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1934.
- ^ City of Neustadt an der Aisch: Liedertafel 1834 Neustadt ad Aisch .
- ^ The history of the deanery Neustadt ad Aisch by Georg Limbacher from the deanery book from 1986 ( Memento from January 16, 2018 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ The Gasthaus zum Goldenen Hirschen was in a house built by the archdeacon Wagner between 1672 and 1683 (see above), in 1701 it was still on the market square, south of the town hall, moved to Nürnberger Straße in 1708 and was converted into Bamberger Straße 10 relocated. Cf. Max Döllner (1950), pp. 179, 181 and 286 f.
- ↑ The inflation (from 1922/1923) and the 1928 collapsing German industry led manufacturing small businesses to introduce short-time work at Neustadt businesses to closures and for the brush products.
- ↑ In the 18th century, February 25th and September 29th were designated as the days of "cattle fairs". See Max Döllner (1950), p. 309.
- ↑ Cf. also Gernot Schmidt: Local history excursion in and around Neustadt / Aisch. Neustadt an der Aisch with all sights, gates, towers and walls. Neustadt an der Aisch, p. 137, the Austrians marching through Neustadt, 1866. Painting by Georg Friedrich Ehrlicher, around 1900 ( online version ).
- ↑ The re-establishment of a higher, humanistic school was enforced by the city administration in 1817. For this purpose, the “royal study school” established in 1814 was redesigned accordingly. See Max Döllner (1950), pp. 574 and 733.
- ^ Luther church parish of Chemnitz .
- ^ On February 6, 1932, the school professor Volkmann founded a school fund for needy school children. See Max Döllner (1950), p. 568.
- ^ Dietrich Heber: Lectures .
- ↑ Joachim Lilla: Morhart, Gabriel Ritter v. In: Joachim Lilla: Minister of State, senior administrative officials and (NS) functionaries in Bavaria from 1918 to 1945. ( bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de ), September 11, 2012.
- ^ Beekeeping Association Neustadt an der Aisch 1881 e. V. ( website ).
- ↑ See also the chronicle of the shooting society .
- ↑ In the 17th century "the baths" were in Kirch-Gasse near the town church. Cf. Max Döllner (1950), leaflet between pp. II and III.
- ^ Albert Gieseler: Dehn Ziegel GmbH & Co. KG .
- ↑ Gernot Schmidt: Neustadt, pp. 129–136, here: p. 131 .
- ↑ The "Beautification Commission" proposed by the garrison officer Rittmeister Hecht in 1829 was first registered on December 15, 1830. Among other things, in 1832, at the suggestion of the district judge Heffel, the association had a chestnut avenue from Windsheimer to Riedfelder Tor built outside the city wall and widened in 1840. As early as March 1848 and 1892 he found out more about new foundations, but later disappeared through the city's own activities and became superfluous again. See Max Döllner (1950), p. 597 f. and 604.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg Wolfgang Mück: Nazi stronghold in Middle Franconia: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch 1922–1933. 2016
- ↑ The Friedrich Hoffmann Foundation was established during the First World War . See Max Döllner (1950), p. 534.
- ↑ The original of the foundation letter was lost around 1632.
- ^ Gernot Schmidt: Chance finds and extensions. ( Online version ).
- ↑ Dieter Mäckl: data on the history of the Neustadt Latin School and the Hochfürstlichen Stadtschule zu Neustadt ad Aisch respectively. Friedrich-Alexander-Gymnasium .
- ↑ Before his work as a postal administrator, Prinzing was a parish representative and scholarch. See Max Döllner (1950), p. 568.
- ↑ Haßler donated a legacy in 1892 for the benefit of small children. See Max Döllner (1950), p. 568.
- ↑ Wolfgang Mück (1999/2001); Wolfgang Mück (2016).
- ^ Karl Ströbel with the participation of Hans Heubeck, Hanns Kügler, Karl Seyboth, Fritz Schöller and Fritz Erlwein: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch. The development of the local branch Neustadt ad A. of the NSDAP G. Emmerich, Dresden 1938.
- ↑ Honor roll. In: Neustädter Gazette from August 15, 1938.
- ↑ Karl Ammon (master tailor), Heinrich Billert (plumber), Burkart Wilhelm (brewery owner), Hans [or Joh.] Degel (coppersmith), Georg Dreßler (beer brewer), Hans Endreß (postal secretary), Fritz Erlwein (colonial and coal merchant) , Georg Holzmann, Andreas Hoffmann (master painter), Ernst Jäger (operations manager), Georg Linberger (district secretary), Valentin Lapp (electrical engineer), Konrad Reiß (fishmonger), Andreas Schildknecht (private owner and former mayor), Heinrich Schildknecht (innkeeper and wine merchant), Georg Sedelmaier (dentist) and Alfred Struhler from Kleinhaslach .
- ↑ In 1938, further "founding members" were named in the Neustädter Gazette , some of whom only joined the NSDAP later: the calibration master Otto Anzer, the businessman Hans Göß, the businessman Georg Groscurth, the operations manager Albert Jäger, Josef and Heinrich Sedelmaier, the notary's assistant Georg Schuh as well as the master whitewater and tobacco merchant Martin Vogel (* 1873 in Neustadt) and the bricklayer and site manager Konrad Wellhöfer (1882–1951), known as "Hakenkreuzkorla", who was the first "Völkischer" member of the Neustadt city council in 1924. See Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 25, 32, 60, 199, 247 and 249 f.
- ↑ See Mück (2016), p. 31 f. and 260 f.
- ^ Paul Schaudig: Pietism and Separatism in the Aischgrund. 1925.
- ↑ Anton Blum (main secretary), Rudolf Deininger (tax inspector), Johann Dollinger (district office secretary), Hans Endreß, Valentin Lapp, Matthäus Loscher (postal secretary), Fritz Osterlänger (businessman), Fritz Schüßler (driver) and his brother Richard Schüßler (works secretary) , Georg Stahl (employee; 1926 and 1929 SA standard bearer) and Konrad Wellhöfer (bricklayer foreman); see. Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 8 f., 65 f. and 143.
- ↑ Gretl Daubinger: Blue Boys . Franconian memories of youth. Philipp Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1990.
- ^ The Neustädter Sturmabteilung (SA) was founded on December 1, 1925 by the colonial goods and coal merchant Fritz Erlwein (1894–1945), who was involved in the founding of the NSDAP local group in 1923, and had 31 members by the end of 1926, including Endreß and Lapp as well as other founding members of the local NSDAP group. See Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 8 f., 23-69, 78, 83, 206, 209 f. and 226.
- ↑ Already before, something on October 18, 1896 for the commemoration of the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig, the Schnappenstein served as a venue. See Max Döllner (1950), p. 606.
- ↑ This included the main teacher Adolf Meyer (1895–1966; Second Mayor from 1932 to 1933 in Wilhermsdorf under Friedrich Herzog, then NSDAP district leader of the Neustadt district until 1937 and later deported to Rothenburg ob der Tauber as a politician who did not support the NSDAP rule ) , the Neustädter teacher and city councilor Heinrich Riedel, Hans Hertlein, Fritz Schöller (1909–1973; Hans Hertlein’s son-in-law from June 26, 1935), Hans Bäselsöder from Birnbaum, Hans Kehrberger from Neustadt, who participated as a speaker at the so-called speaking evenings from 1927 to 1931, Otto Roth from Schornweisach and Erich Walz from Unterstesselbach. See Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 69, 82–85, 92, 94, 106, 111, 113–115, 177 f., 223 f., 230 f. and 233 f.
- ↑ Neustädter Rathausbote, May 2016, page 10
- ^ Karl Ströbel with the participation of Hans Heubeck, Hanns Kügler, Karl Seyboth, Fritz Schöller and Fritz Erlwein: The völkisch awakening in Neustadt an der Aisch. The development of the local group Neustadt ad A. of the NSDAP G. Emmerich, Dresden 1938, p. 164.
- ↑ SS men in 1934 were Erhard Holzmann, Georg Groscurth, Konrad Reiss, Friedrich Scheuenpflug, Georg Stahl, Rudolf Deininger, Hans Meyer and Richard Schüßler. See Wolfgang Mück (2016), p. 199.
- ↑ For example, Max Greb said: "I am of the opinion that honorary citizenship should only be granted to men who have made a contribution to the well-being of the city." Quoted from Wolfgang Mück (2016), p. 119.
- ↑ on Sixtus Meier cf. also Wolfgang Mück (2016), p. 222 and 269 (opponents, victims and withdrawn members) .
- ↑ At the end of April 1928, the landlord Wilhelm Stegmann had a joint event in the Löwensaal with the Landtag member Holzwarth on the subject of farmers, wake up! held, to which Jews were not allowed, and also appeared in Neustadt in 1929. See Wolfgang Mück (2016), pp. 79, 83 f. and 90.
- ^ Adolf Meyer: With Adolf Hitler in the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 List. With a foreword by Julius Streicher. Georg Aupperle bookstore, Neustadt an der Aisch 1934.
- ^ Michael Rademacher: Handbook of the NSDAP district 1928–1945. The officials of the NSDAP and their organizations at Gau and district level in Germany and Austria as well as in the Reichsgau Gdansk-West Prussia, Sudetenland and Wartheland. BoD Norderstedt, Vechta 2000, ISBN 3-8311-0216-3 , p. 64.
- ↑ Georg Aupperle (owner of a publishing bookstore founded after the First World War), Leonhard Bankel, Georg Ficht, Christian Helm, Paul Kegler, Georg Müller, Ernst Nusser, Otto Ulrich and Konrad Wellhöfer were elected.
- ↑ See also Markus Müller: Zeit- und Kirchengeschichte in the mirror of selected Neustadt church board minutes from 1933 to 1945. In: Streiflichter from the home history of the Geschichts- und Heimatverein Neustadt ad Aisch e. V. Volume 33, 2009, pp. 239–281.
- ^ Astrid Ley: Forced Sterilization and Doctors. Background and goals of medical practice 1934–1945. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-593-37465-X (also Philosophical Dissertation Erlangen 2003), p. 111.
- ↑ www.muenchsteinach-kirche.de: Trombone Choir .
- ^ Friedrich Meinhof: Thuringian Pastor's Book. Volume 10: Thuringian Evangelical Church 1921-1948 and Evangelical Lutheran Church in Thuringia 1948-2008. Heilbad Heiligenstadt 2015, p. 99. Online (Landeskirchenarchiv Eisenach) .
- ^ Gernot Schmidt: Chance finds and extensions. ( Online version ).
- ↑ http://www.stolpersteine-wuerzburg.de : Photo of the Stolpersteine .
- ^ Biographical database of Jewish Lower Franconia : Schwab, Iwan .
- ↑ The former inn "Krone" on the market square got its name in the 15th century after the transporters (the crown cavaliers ) of the imperial regalia with the imperial crown from Nuremberg had stayed there on the way to the coronation city of Frankfurt (as early as 1386 the Kronquartier Neustadt was Escort station has been set up). The last escort to the crown, during which accommodation was also taken in the inn "zur guldenen Crone", took place in 1790 (in 1711 the crown escort stayed in the "Green Tree").
- ↑ http://www.nordbayern.de : With 30 rooms: Gasthaus "Krone" becomes a hotel .
- ↑ bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch. In: bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch, Bundesarchiv , accessed on May 17, 2019 (search for “Residence” and “Neustadt Aisch”).
- ↑ The Neustadt mayor and later district administrator Heinrich Sperber judged the local group leader as follows in 1948: "[...] Erlwein, who in the spring of 1945 had the innkeeper Marie Weid persecuted for black hearing, is probably the most fanatical and most activist Nazi d. Have been a circle. He was always the driving force behind the Polish brawls and expulsions of Jews [...] ”. Quoted from: Wolfgang Mück (2016), p. 210 f.
- ↑ Karl-Friedrich Fick, Gerhard Habermeier, Wolfgang Spicka: [1958–1983.] 25 years of the Neustadt ad Aisch district hospital. With a greeting from District Administrator Robert Pfeifer ed. from the district of Neustadt ad Aisch - Bad Windsheim. (Printed by: Druckhaus Goldammer, Scheinfeld) 1983.
- ^ Heinrich Bürkle de la Camp (ed.): Surgeons directory. 5th edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 1969, DNB 456221328 , p. 260, doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-642-49801-5 .
- ↑ website .
- ↑ Karl-Friedrich Fick, Gerhard Habermeier, Wolfgang Spicka: [1958–1983.] 25 years of the Neustadt ad Aisch district hospital. 1983, p. 6 f. and 32 f.
- ↑ Karl-Friedrich Fick, Gerhard Habermeier, Wolfgang Spicka: [1958–1983.] 25 years of the Neustadt ad Aisch district hospital. 1983, pp. 9-25.
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