Georg Marius

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Georg Marius, etching by Martin Heinrich Omeis (1650–1703)

Georg Marius , also Georg Mayer (and Georg Meyer ), latinized Georgius Marius (or Mayerus ), also Georgius Marius Herbipolensis (and ... Wirtzeburgensis ) and Jorg Mayr , also Mayer von Würzburg - (* 1533 in Würzburg ; † 5. March 1606 in Heidelberg ) was a German medic. He was a university lecturer, professor and dean in Heidelberg and at the Protestant University of Marburg, as well as personal physician to three princes who were more important in the history of the Reformation . He also ran a large private practice.

education

Marius studied in Heidelberg where he had enrolled as Georgius Marius (or Mayer) in June 1548 and, after being examined by Jakob Curio and Stephan Feyerabend , became a baccalaureus artium and then medicine in Marburg. From 1551 to 1557 he was in accordance with the custom of the time on a trip abroad to Montpellier , where he attended medical (and with Guillaume Rondelet also botanical) lectures for almost three years , from around 1554/1555 in Bologna , where he also studied zoology (with Ulisse Aldrovandi ) and Botany (with Luca Ghini ), and from 1556 in Padua , where he co-wrote the college of the famous physician and anatomist Gabriele Falloppio and (if not already done in Bologna under Ghini) probably received his doctorate in medicine. In Italy he also got to know anatomical sections for students.

Act

Georg Marius (Palatine physician). In: Paul Freher: Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum. [...] Pars tertia. 1688

After returning to Germany in 1557, Marius was a doctor in Nuremberg and Amberg , the capital of the Upper Palatinate, in 1558 , and probably personal physician to the later Elector Ludwig VI. From Nuremberg, starting in September 1558, Marius had begun a botanical and friendly correspondence with Pietro Andrea Mattioli with his letter “de plantis nonnullis” . In March 1561 he was by Friedrich III. appointed as ( third , third medical professor) professor of medicine to succeed Peter Lotz in Heidelberg. On May 28, 1561 he was enrolled in the matriculation, thus became a member of the university and was admitted to the Senate on the same day and to the faculty at the beginning of June. In December 1561 he was elected dean of the medical faculty. However, Marius left the university in a dispute with the rector and various disciplinary measures. Previously, he had been refused financial subsidies for anatomical demonstration sections - an innovation coming from Northern Italy to improve medical teaching - and, after a violent dispute in February 1562, he was accused of neglecting his duties as a lecturer and dean. After he had not received any support from the elector in the conflict with the university, Marius moved to Nuremberg, where he had already submitted an application for marriage in August 1560 (with Anna, the daughter of a Sebald Hayd), which however was rejected.

He married on 15 June 1562 after he (after his departure from Heidelberg two months), the line-up for the wedding already on May 3, St. Sebald had ordered, Helene Wenck († 1573, probably in Marburg) from Nuremberg and was there for some time, albeit in constant conflict with the city council and without becoming a citizen of the free imperial city, as a general practitioner and from 1564 to the beginning of 1566 also in the Nuremberg Sebastianspital (called "Lazarett"), in its place later the Nuremberg University of Music was housed, was a doctor.

On November 15, 1565 he became ( first ) professor of medicine in Marburg. In the summer semester of 1567, Marius was dean of the medical faculty. Against some difficulties to be overcome, he had anatomical dissections carried out again after 15 years (first in March 1572, publicly and lasting nine days). In addition to his Marburg professorship, he was also the personal physician of Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hessen-Kassel, to whom he owed his appointment without the prior consent of the university. In 1568/1569 he was elected rector of the university and was one of the university's highest paid professors (with an annual salary of 200 guilders). From the spring of 1572 there were disagreements with the university and the landgrave because of additional honorary claims from Marius. Landgraves Wilhelm and (his brother) Ludwig IV accused him, who also had a flourishing private practice, and other professors of neglecting their duties as professor, and after he had announced his decision in September 1575, he left the university. Between 1573 and 1576 he probably stayed in Nuremberg for a short time, where he owed taxes and an interest litigation took place.

He went from Marburg to Amberg and later to Heidelberg, where in 1576 he became electoral personal physician Ludwig VI., Whom he already knew from Amberg, and his sick wife Elisabeth (a sister of the Hessian Landgrave Wilhelm), who had been bedridden since 1580 . Some time after the Electress's death in 1582, he seems to have turned entirely to his private practice in Heidelberg. He remained personal physician to Ludwig until his death in October 1583. After that he resigned from the service of the court. In 1588, Marius can be traced back to Heidelberg as a resident of “Im upper Kaltenthal” (on today's Burgweg in the beginning of the former Zwerchgäßchen, now Ingrimstraße), where only members of the court lived.

In October 1591, Marius, who was staying in Heidelberg or Nuremberg at that time, became the personal physician of a prince, Count Albrecht von Nassau-Saarbrücken in Ottweiler , for another year . Marius' contractually regulated activities also included medical care for the Count's family and services in Saarbrücken, Saar Werden, Idstein and Wiesbaden on his travels to his residences.

In Brößnitz he finished his book Bergwercks Geschöpff at Christmas 1595 , in which he wrote about his experiences with deposits and the mining of mineral resources on his journey through Saxony and Thuringia from Blankenburg near Rudolstadt .

From 1597 until about 1601 he was the town doctor in the margravial-Ansbach residential town of Neustadt an der Aisch . Around 1598 he donated his library to the “Princely School” in Heilsbronn . In the same year, for health reasons, he underwent a spa treatment in Wiesbaden, later one in Offenau , which he visited “in unwholesome damage, lengthening, and Zipperles rivers, and even in old age”. His book “Neue Erzählungen”, published in 1601, was created on the occasion of an epidemic observed in 1599 with skin infections in the Aischgrund.

Georg Marius had treatises on medicine, pharmacy (about his treatise Terra sigillata about Seal earth ), Botany, balneology , geology and economic geology written. His last work, which dealt with a few psalms, he finished as a manuscript in April 1598 (probably in Wiesbaden, which he had recommended to his employer, Count Philipp von Nassau-Saarbrücken, in a letter on the second Easter holiday), but it came not for printing. In addition, some letters, consilia (medical reports and reports such as an opinion on the illness of Count Albrecht VII von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt made in 1592 ) and prescriptions by Marius are partly printed and partly handed down as manuscripts.

The death of Georg Marius stepped out loud Melchior Adam due to "phthisis" ( wasting ) and "Diarrhaea" ( diarrhea ) in its 73rd year.

With Helene Wenck he had two daughters (Helene and Anna Elisabeth Christine), born around 1562, whom he placed in Nuremberg after the death of his wife from Nuremberg in 1573, from where he occasionally called "Consilia" (as a behavioral measure for him during his He had sent surgeons representing trips to Amberg or Heidelberg (Helene married Caspar Holderbusch, a citizen of Nuremberg). Georg Marius was close to Lutheran Protestantism and had a brother named Gottfried. Otherwise, little is known about its origins and early years. He owned an estate documented for 1592. His library went (probably as a gift) to the “Princely School” of Heilsbronn in Ansbach, founded in 1581, while he was still alive.

Fonts

  • Epicedion in Obitum Eiusdem Principis. Andrea Colbius, Marburg 1567 ( Epikedeion or epigram on the death of Philip of Hesse) .
  • In Iudaeorum Medicastrorum calumnias et homicidia; pro Christianis pia exhortatio. Ex Theologorum et Iureconsultorum Decretis. A Georgio Mario Vuyrceburgio , Doctore Medico Marpurgi & alijs. Speyer 1570 ( treatise directed against Jewish doctors with commented quotations, at the end of which Marius demands that the ordinance passed by Emperor Charles V in 1530 that all Jews must be identified by their clothing with a yellow ring also applies to Jewish doctors).
  • Quite a few scholars Bedencken / Vonn dem Heylsamen Saltzbronnen zu Offenauw / next to the Reichsstatt Wimpffen [...]. Johann Spies , Heidelberg 1584 ( digital copy of the title page ) - originally an expert opinion on the brine bath of Offenau near Wimpfen, which Marius had prepared for the Electress Elisabeth von der Pfalz in 1580 , including the assessments of other doctors (such as Thomas Erast ). Marius dedicated the book to his patron, Landgrave Wilhelm zu Hessen.
  • Paralipomena et Marginalia Hortulanica / That is, garden art belonging to the field book / in note of the experience warhieftig / what to field farm and housekeeping / inside these our German lands officially / to bring foreign plants of horse marin and other trees / fruits and the like to winter. Also how one should create new meadows / entertain cattle / and what can be useful to sick and healthy people outside of Kreutern. Bernhard Jobin (print), Strasbourg 1586 ( digitized version ) - Marius dedicated the book, designed for the rural household, to the Nuremberg city doctor Georg Palma.
  • Terra sigillata. Report and research of the Precious Earth / which is sealed / from others and different / to Artzney outside of the old natural history books and repetitions [...]. Nicolaus Knorr, Nuremberg 1589.
  • Bergwercks creations / and wonderful properties of the metal fruits. In it more thorough report of the mountains / rocks / genes and the same attached juices / creefs and effects / than gold / silver / copper / tin / bley / mercury / iron and other minerals. [...]. Henning Gros (printed by Abraham Lamberg), Leipzig 1595.
  • Newe telling. From the / out of quite a few common bathing contaminate the scratching / and behavior of theo causes [...]. no place (probably Neustadt ad Aisch, possibly also a small print shop near Neustadt, for example in Windsheim) 1601.
  • Judicium D. Georgii Marii: De Scaturigine quadam minerali ad Blanckenburgum, qua in balneo uti solitus fuit, comes quidam Schwartzburgicus. In: Johannes Wittichius (Ed.): Nobilissimorum ac doctissimorum Germaniae Medicorum Consilia […]. Henning Gros, Leipzig 1604, No. 42. - Water analysis as a report for the treatment of Countess Albertine Elisabeth von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (wife of Albrecht VII. ).

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Melchior Adam : Vitae Germanorum philosophorum, qui seculo superiori, et quod excurrit, philosophicis ac humanioribus literis clari floruerunt. Frankfurt am Main / Heidelberg 1615, p. 398.
  2. ↑ Date of death according to Heyers' dissertation and in Melchior Adam , Vitae germanorum medicorum 1620. Salloch's dissertation states February (unproven).
  3. ↑ The postscript later came into the possession of Volcher Coiter . See also Robert Herrlinger : Volcher Coiter, 1534–1576. (Habilitation thesis University of Würzburg) Nuremberg 1952, p. 93.
  4. ↑ Rolf Heyers (1957), p. 70 f.
  5. ^ Rolf Heyers (1957), pp. 38 and 122 f.
  6. ↑ Rolf Heyers (1957), p. 82, Appendix No. 1 ( letter from Marius to the Landgrave of April 4, 1572), and p. 83 f., Appendix No. 3 ( Letter from Marius of October 14, 1572 to the Landgrave Ludwig von Hessen, regarding the fee for the anatomy that took place in March ).
  7. ^ Rolf Heyers (1957), p. 124.
  8. ↑ In his publication Terra Sigillata , published in 1589, Marius describes himself as "Medicus at Nuremberg". See Rolf Heyers (1957), p. 125.
  9. ↑ Rolf Heyers (1957), p. 42 f.
  10. ↑ Rolf Heyers (1957), p. 43 f.
  11. ^ Rolf Heyers (1957), pp. 3 and 44.
  12. ↑ Rolf Heyers (1957), pp. 66-69.
  13. ↑ Frank Fürbeth : Bibliography of the German or in the German area published baths of the 15th and 16th centuries. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 13, 1995, pp. 217-252, here: p. 243.
  14. ↑ Rolf Heyers (1957), pp. 44, 69 and 98, Appendix No. 7.
  15. ↑ Rolf Heyers (1957), pp. 70–74, 77 and 96.
  16. ↑ Georg Marius: Quite a few scholars Bedencken [...]. Preface.
  17. ^ Rolf Heyers (1957), pp. 4, 38, 40 and 45.
  18. ↑ Lexicon for Theology and Church . Volume 4, Col. 900.
  19. ↑ Rolf Heyers (1957), p. 45 f.
  20. ↑ Rolf Heyers (1957), pp. 54–57 and 60.
  21. ↑ Rolf Heyers (1957), pp. 67 and 129 f.
  22. ↑ printed in: Rolf Heyers (1957), p. 96 f., Appendix No. 6.
personal data
SURNAME Marius, Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mayer of Würzburg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German medic
DATE OF BIRTH 1533
PLACE OF BIRTH Wurzburg
DATE OF DEATH March 5, 1606
Place of death Heidelberg