Freedom
In the Middle Ages, a liberation was an area within the limits of which there was an exemption from otherwise generally applicable tax levies or other legal provisions.
Exemption as an exemption from certain taxes can also be found in the terms " Freihaus " and " Bergfreiheit ". In one case, this perk was a (class) privilege due to an outstanding position, in the other case it was an incentive to relocate and thus even gave its name to various localities, e.g. B. Freyung , Freihung , Freiberg and Berg Freiheit .
Liberation is also used as an exemption from legal prosecution. For the towns of Absberg or Oberkotzau , this privilege meant that those persecuted for breaking the law would get asylum here within the freedom limits . They were thus removed from criminal prosecution. In particular, this prevented quick justice, as possible in feuds , or blood revenge . In some cases, wrongdoers had actual persecutors and were only allowed to go after the exemption limits. B. were visibly marked with boundary stones , safe from them. Thus, the liberty was also a special legal privilege of small gentlemen, just like, for example, the lower jurisdiction or the blood jurisdiction and was under imperial protection. As a rule, the exemption did not apply to individual particularly serious offenses, but in Absberg it only included lese majesty and murder . Exemptions existed from the Middle Ages to the 19th century and were only then abolished in the interests of equality before the judiciary, a fixed procedural system and a changed legal awareness.
In Peggau , Styria, the Freyungsarm has been traditionally pinned to the pillory from 1618 at market time since 1980 - "six weeks before and after St. Margaretha".
Examples of clearances:
- Absberg
- Hohenberg Castle , Hohenberg an der Eger
- Freyung, district in Landshut
- Oberkotzau
- Exemption
literature
- Walter Bauer (ed.): Absberg - a thousand-year history . Wendelsheim 1993. (to clear Absberg)
- Heinrich Gwinner: Free sites in the Middle Ages, in particular the liberation of the noble monastery at Lindau on Lake Constance , in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 63rd year 1936, pp. 29–54 ( digitized )
- Werner Risser: It was like that! - Fragments of a chronicle of the Oberkotzau market (so-called Lörner chronicle ). P. 70 f. (to clear Oberkotzau)
- Hans-Ulrich Zeidler: The Oberkotzau market - a foray into local history . In: 750 years of Oberkotzau market - Festschrift of the Oberkotzau market for the 750th anniversary . Oberkotzau 1984. (to clear Oberkotzau)
- Esther P. Wipfler: Release . In: Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte , Vol. X (2010), Col. 700–715.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Freyungsarm . In: Volkskunde-Lexikon. On: haben.at forum. Article by harry, November 7, 2008, accessed July 18, 2016.