Exemption

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Freihung market
Exemption
Map of Germany, position of the Freihung market highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 37 '  N , 11 ° 55'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Palatinate
County : Amberg-Sulzbach
Height : 428 m above sea level NHN
Area : 46.36 km 2
Residents: 2466 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 53 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 92271
Primaries : 09646, 09622
License plate : AS, BUL , ESB , NAB , SUL
Community key : 09 3 71 121
LOCODE : DE FHG
Market structure: 22 districts

Market administration address : 		Rathausstrasse 4
92271 Freihung
Website : www.markt-freihung.de
Mayor : Uwe König ( FW )
Location of the Freihung market in the Amberg-Sulzbach district
Auerbach in der Oberpfalz Königstein (Oberpfalz) Hirschbach (Oberpfalz) Etzelwang Weigendorf Birgland Kastl (Lauterachtal) Edelsfeld Edelsfeld Vilseck Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg Sulzbach-Rosenberg Eichen (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Freihung Hirschau Gebenbach Schnaittenbach Hahnbach Illschwang Freudenberg (Oberpfalz) Ursensollen Ebermannsdorf Ensdorf (Oberpfalz) Kümmersbruck Rieden (Oberpfalz) Hohenburg Schmidmühlen Poppenricht Ammerthal Amberg Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab Weiden in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Schwandorf Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Nürnberger Land Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalzmap
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / market

Freihung is a market in the Upper Palatinate district of Amberg-Sulzbach . The market town is shaped by the location at the Grafenwoehr military training area and the presence of the US Army resulting from it; numerous Americans live in the residential areas.

geography

Geographical location

The market is located in the northeast corner of the Amberg-Sulzbach district between the cities of Amberg , Weiden and Grafenwöhr .

The source of the river Vils is located in the municipality, in the middle of Kleinschönbrunn .

Community structure

Freihung is divided into 22 districts:

Incorporations

On January 1, 1972, most of the previously independent community Großschönbrunn (with the exception of Krickelsdorf , which was incorporated into Hirschau ) and the communities Seugast and Thansüß were incorporated into Freihung.

and display information about the image
Freihung seen from the Rofach, catholic in the center. Church, Elbart on the left

Population development

Between 1988 and 2018, the population decreased from 2,543 to 2,518 by 25 inhabitants or 1%.

history

Market law

Freihung - Parish Church of the Holy Trinity

The main town of Freihung was founded very late and is linked to the history of mining and can therefore be seen in a number of other mining founding cities .

In 1569, Elector Friedrich III. from the Palatinate of the new establishment already the market right together with the market coat of arms and seal . The symbols of the miner's hammer and mallet, which determine the coat of arms , are still used today.

The old town center was planned as a street settlement along a wide market street with town houses on both sides. The oldest house in the village is the so-called former Zehentstadel, in which the lead chamber was located and the taxes on lead were collected.

Mining

Remains of the foundation of the lead ore mine Vesuvius

In Freihung, lead ore in the form of white lead ( cerussite , lead carbonate) was discovered in the 16th century and this led to the rapid rise of the newly created mining settlement. The largest lead ore deposit in Bavaria is located southeast of the Freihung market.

The lead extraction in the Freihung area is documented for the year 1529. The place name Freihung, mentioned for the first time in 1427, points to the granting of mountain freedoms (mountain rights). It is therefore assumed that mining was already in progress. The reduction was carried out to 1561, initially in the areas near the surface down to a depth of up to 20-25 meters.

To promote mining, the sovereign granted privileges, so-called mountain freedoms , in 1542 . These special rights, which corresponded to the rights granted to the Erbendorf settlement a year earlier , resulted in the place name Freihung von auf der Freiung , i.e. in the area of ​​mountain freedom. The special rights concerned in particular tax exemption for four years, timber usage rights and freedom of movement . This was intended to attract the necessary experts in order to advance mining. The freedom of movement granted them free settlement, but also the right to move freely, which was not a matter of course in the Middle Ages and early modern times. These rights also had their effect, so that mining experts came from all over southern Germany. The origin of the miners can be proven in old documents.

Mining led to a brief boom, which also prompted respected citizens from the nearby town of Weiden , who were active in iron mining, to temporarily settle in Freihung and to work in lead mining. Soon the near-surface deposits were exhausted and the groundwater became a problem. Therefore, two water - dissolving tunnels were created, in which the Pingenzechen could drain the penetrating water. One of these drainage tunnels is still there as a tunnel well and feeds the Vils River via a stream. The rapid exploitation, water problems and the Thirty Years War , which had one of its main scenes in the Upper Palatinate, led to an early decline in mining. Then there were only tentative attempts to get it going again. In some cases, only the old heaps were dug for remnants of lead ore.

Over 200 years later, mining had a new boom. From 1860, English entrepreneurs began underground mining (Vesuvius pit) near Elbart. From 1876 onwards, mining was carried out by Bavarian Lead Mining Ltd. , a company incorporated under English law. In 1884 more than 400 workers were employed. After the company buildings were destroyed by fire in 1890, mining was stopped.

The last mining activities after lead in Freihung took place during the Second World War . The deposits were explored with an experimental mine in the area of ​​the old mine, which was closed in 1890 to ensure the supply of raw materials. At the end of the war, the pumps were removed and the mine was full of water. Kaolin was also extracted at the beginning of the 20th century .

Today the mine site is a mining restricted area due to the risk of break-ins. There are large heaps of deaf rock. Because of the lead content, they have been without vegetation for many decades. Mining is still an important trade in the municipality, but today quartz sand for the glass industry and pegmatite are mined.

Recent developments

Today's municipal area was created in 1972 as part of the regional reform through the merger of the former municipalities of Markt Freihung, Großschönbrunn, Thansüß and Seugast.

The market is a founding member of the working group Obere Vils-Ehenbach AOVE GmbH, an association of now 9 communities for cooperation and joint development of the region.

politics

City council election 2020
(in %)
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
46.62
38.83
14.55
FWF
Current distribution of seats in the Freihung Municipal Council (March 15, 2020)
   
A total of 14 seats
  • CSU : 7
  • FWF : 5
  • SPD : 2

Market council

The municipal council has 14 seats. Another member and chairman of the municipal council is the mayor. In the local elections on March 15, 2020, 1,519 of the 2,012 residents eligible to vote in the municipality of Freihung exercised their right to vote, bringing the voter turnout to 75.50%.

mayor

In the 2020 local elections, Uwe König (FW Freihung) was elected in the runoff election with 53.79% of the vote. His predecessor was Norbert Bücherl (free electorate) from May 1, 2002 to April 30, 2020.

coat of arms

Official description of the coat of arms

Coat of arms with shield holder

Divided; a silver miner's hammer and a silver hoe with golden handles crossed diagonally above in black, the Bavarian diamonds below.

symbolism

The hoe and hammer in the upper part of the coat of arms are reminiscent of mining in Freihung. The diamonds come from the regal shield. In the past, a crowned Palatinate-Bavarian lion turned to the left was depicted as a shield holder above the shield. This was placed next to the shield in the 19th century as a refusing golden lion. The crowned lion's head is still used in the official seal today.

traffic

Freihung is on the Neukirchen – Weiden railway line and is the outermost border of the Greater Nuremberg Transport Association , 76 km from Nuremberg Central Station.

Architectural monuments

Sons and daughters of the church

  • Hans Dietrich (1898–1945), born in Seugast, teacher and politician, member of the Reichstag
  • Karl Müller (1879–1944), politician (NSDAP) and banker, born in Thansüß
  • Johannes Stark (1874–1957), physicist and Nobel Prize winner . The most famous son of the community was born on the Schickenhof estate, then part of the Thansüß community (National Socialist and advocate of "German physics" )

Web links

Commons : Freihung  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Marktgemeinderat> Members. Municipality of Freihung, accessed on July 5, 2020 .
  3. ↑ bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de
  4. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 419 .
  5. ↑ City council election 2020
  6. ↑ City council election 2020
  7. ↑ Mayor runoff election 2020
  8. ^ Entry on the Freihung coat of arms  in the database of the House of Bavarian History