Hirschau

Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Upper Palatinate
County :	Amberg-Sulzbach
Height :	411 m above sea level NHN
Area :	74.94 km 2
Residents:	5630 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	75 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	92242
Primaries :	09622, 09608
License plate :	AS, BUL , ESB , NAB , SUL
Community key :	09 3 71 127
LOCODE :	DE HIU
City structure:	24 districts
; City administration address :	Rathausplatz 1 ; 92242 Hirschau
Website :	www.hirschau.de
Mayor :	Hermann Falk ( CSU )
Location of the city of Hirschau in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach

View of Hirschau from Monte Kaolino

Hirschau is a town in the Amberg-Sulzbach district in Bavaria . Since the municipal reform , the political municipality of Hirschau has 24 officially named districts with around 5600 inhabitants. Economic life is shaped by companies that mine the extensive kaolin deposits . In addition, the company Conrad Electronic is based here.

Hirschau was founded at the beginning of the 13th century by the Counts of Hirschberg . After this noble family died out in 1305, Hirschau became the property of the Wittelsbach family , where - apart from a brief New Bohemian interlude in the 14th century - it remained until the end of the Bavarian monarchy. Today the place is in the administrative region of Upper Palatinate .

geography

Geographical location

Hirschau is located directly on the federal highway 14 Nuremberg - Prague , about 20 km east of the A 6 Amberg – Heilbronn and about 15 km west of the A 93 Regensburg – Hof. The city is located about 70 km east of Nuremberg in the middle between the independent cities of Amberg and Weiden in the Upper Palatinate . The small town of Schnaittenbach is 2 km from Hirschau .

City structure

Districts

Districts of the city of Hirschau

There are 24 districts:

In addition, the website of the city of Hirschau names the hamlet Dienhof , just under 600 meters north of the Kricklhof, as a district. The black mill and the Scharhof are missing from this communal list.

Markings

There are nine districts . Five of these districts extend beyond the municipal boundaries to the territory of neighboring municipalities.

Landmarks of the city of Hirschau

District number	District	Area ha	Districts
4476	Marriage field	1465.27	Ebenhof, Ehenfeld, Hölzlmühle, Kindlas
4493	Forest ¹	126.43	Waldmühle (until 1938, now Hirschau district)
4475	Großschönbrunn ²	332.45	Krickelsdorf
4490	Hirschau ³	2237.93	Hirschau, Waldmühle (until 1938 to the community of Forst)
4465	Mass direction	1163.51	Hummelmühle, Massenricht, Obersteinbach, Rödlas, Träglhof, Untersteinbach
4489	Mimbach ⁴	309.86	Burgstall, Krondorf
4491	Scharhof ⁵	75.98	Sargmühle, Scharhof
4502	Steiningloh	890.36	Mittelmühle, Schwärzermühle, Steiningloh, Urspring, Urspringermühle
4503	Pond	891.23	Kricklhof, pond
9 registrations	Hirschau community	7493.02	24 officially named municipal parts

¹ Only district 0 of the forest district is located in the municipality of the town of Hirschau. District part 1 is in the area of the city of Schnaittenbach.
² Only district part 2 of the Großschönbrunn district is located in the municipality of the city of Hirschau. District part 0 is in the area of the municipality of Freihung, district part 1 in the area of the municipality of Hahnbach.
³ Only part of the district 0 of the district of Hirschau is located in the municipality of the city of Hirschau. District part 1 is in the area of the city of Schnaittenbach.
⁴ Only district part 1 of the Mimbach district is located in the municipality of the town of Hirschau. District part 0 is in the area of the community Hahnbach.
⁵ Only district part 0 of the Scharhof district is located in the municipality of the city of Hirschau. District part 1 is in the area of the city of Schnaittenbach.

Neighboring communities

The municipality of Hirschau borders the municipality of Freudenberg in the south, the city of Schnaittenbach in the east and the municipality of Kohlberg ( Neustadt an der Waldnaab district ), Freihung in the north and west, and Gibbach and Hahnbach in the west.

Exemption	Exemption	Kohlberg
Give Bach		Schnaittenbach
Hahnbach	Freudenberg	Freudenberg

geology

Upper Palatinate Bruchschollenland

Hirschau is located in the Upper Palatinate Bruchschollenland . The so-called free hunger disorder runs between the districts of Massenricht and Ehenfeld . Strata of rock were lifted up to 1500 meters along this fault, whereby the 88 million year old rocks of the Upper Cretaceous near Ehenfeld came right next to the 280 million year old deposits of the Rotliegend , on which Massenricht, Rödlas and Träglhof are located.

kaolin

Kaolin mining in Hirschau by the Amberger Kaolinwerke Eduard Kick GmbH & Co. KG

There are extensive kaolin deposits in the municipality of Hirschau . The Hirschau-Schnaittenbach kaolin area is the largest kaolin area in Germany and has been mining kaolin since 1833 (in Schnaittenbach, in Hirschau since 1901).

The Hirschau kaolin deposit belongs undoubtedly to the middle red sandstone (Triassic, approx. 220 million years old). It is believed that large rivers, coming from the east, have deposited fine arcs in the delta area. The crystalline basement with its gneisses and granites is to be regarded as a material source. Most of the kaolin was probably formed from the feldspars it contained after sedimentation through chemical conversion. Acid groundwater probably acted on the fine-grained arkoses, so that the alkaline feldspar components could split off over time ( kaolinization ). Further geological processes such as overburden and subsequent erosion followed. The deposit consists of 30-40 meter thick sediment packages that dip from south to north at around 10 degrees. The buildable (over 12% kaolinite) main deposit has an east-west extension of 2.6 km.

The kaolin is mined on an industrial scale. The raw material reserves will last for a few decades. In addition to the long-running recultivation, a subsequent use concept was drawn up for the entire area. Then the redesign of the large open-cast mining into a lake landscape takes place.

In the past, kaolin was mainly used for making porcelain. The kaolin deposits are also the reason for the once prosperous porcelain industry in the Upper Palatinate , Upper Franconia and Bohemia . Today about 60% of the mined kaolin is used for paper production.

climate

Hirschau lies in the warm-temperate climate zone (effective climate classification according to Köppen and Geiger : Cfb). There is significant rainfall throughout the year, even in the driest month there is still high rainfall. The annual average temperature in Hirschau is 7.9 ° C. An average of 649 mm of precipitation falls annually.

Natural allocation

Hirschau is located in the north of the Upper Palatinate hill country . Since sheet 154/155 Bayreuth of the single sheets 1: 200,000 for the manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany has not been published, there is no detailed breakdown for the northern part of the Upper Palatinate hill country .

In relevant specialist literature, the geological subunit in which the city of Hirschau is located is referred to as the Hirschau-Schnaittenbacher Senke .

Nature and landscape protection areas

The urban area of Hirschau has neither a nature reserve nor an FFH area . But there are two landscape protection areas and four geotopes .

Landscape protection areas

Hirschau - North (LSG-00125.11)
Hirschau - South (LSG-00125.04)

Geotopes

Outcrops W of Kricklhof (371A021)
Kaolin pits near Hirschau-Schnaittenbach (371A022)
Former Glass sand pit N by Atzmannsricht (371A034)
Monte Kaolino near Hirschau (371G004)

history

Origin and first documentary mention

According to an old legend, Hirschau owes its existence to a Bohemian King Wenceslaus. However, St. Wenzeslaus meant, who was murdered on September 28, 936, was only a duke but not a king and had no possessions in the Bavarian Nordgau.

The origins of the city, however, come from the time when the Counts of Hirschberg owned the surrounding area. Although there is no founding document, due to the similarity of the coat of arms of the city of Hirschau and the Counts of Hirschberg, it can be said with certainty that Hirschau owes its origin to the Counts of Hirschberg. The approximate period in which Hirschau was created can also be determined. The area around Hirschau was already under the rule of the Counts of Sulzbach before 1050 . The daughter Sophie of Count Gebhard III. von Sulzbach was married to Count Gerhard I. von Dollnstein and Grögling († 1170) and brought him the county of Sulzbach. His son Gebhard III. († 1232) called himself von Hirschberg since 1205 (after the spelling at that time Hirzberg). The family of the Counts von Hirschberg was in the possession of Hirschau until its extinction in 1305. Thus the assumption seems justified that the first beginnings of the settlement can be found in the 13th century.

Hirschau was first mentioned in a document on April 23, 1271, when Counts Gebhard , Rapoto IV. And Diepold von Murach acquired their property in the offices of Schwandorf, Nabburg, Lengenfeld, Amberg, in the Hirschberg town of Hirschau and between Vils, Naab and the Ehenbach Duke Ludwig the Strict sold.

Reign of the Counts of Hirschberg

With the change of rule of the Murach estates, Hirschau had moved into the immediate vicinity of the Wittelsbach family. When Ludwig the Strict wanted to take control of Sulzbach around 1291, he ensured that Count Gebhard VII von Hirschberg would give him and his sons most of the county Sulzbach, in particular Sulzbach, in the event of a childless death. Werdenstein , Pfaffenhofen, Ammerthal , Hirschau, Ehenfeld and Rosenberg bequeathed. Since Gebhard had apparently already made other dispositions with these goods, the cause for disputes arose. In January 1293 an agreement was reached in Neuburg an der Donau . On March 3, 1293, Count Gebhard confirmed the agreements entered into earlier to Duke Ludwig, with the difference that the Wittelsbachers should receive the village of Ehenfeld instead of Ammerthal Castle, which has now been lent elsewhere .

Duke Ludwig the Strict died on February 2, 1294. Under his sons Rudolf I and Ludwig it became even more apparent how detrimental the political situation was for Hirschau. The inconsistencies, for which the Wittelsbach and Hirschberg officials were to blame, degenerated into fire, robbery and manslaughter. The two sovereigns contented themselves with an investigation of the incidents, settlement of the errors that had occurred or the persuasion of the injuring party to provide compensation for damage incurred, e.g. B. on a day of atonement in Nabburg on June 16, 1295. Under these circumstances the dispute flared up again and again. In the first four months of the year 1296 there was extensive violence in Hirschau, during which people of the Count von Hirschberg suffered damage, for which officials of Duke Rudolf were held responsible. Negotiations took place again and on July 14, 1296 an agreement was finally reached in Landau. However, it was not until the year 1300 that peace could come about. At the beginning of the year 1300, Duke Rudolf was involved in a war with King Albrecht I (HRR) and therefore had to make peace with the Counts of Hirschberg. Duke 0tto III. von Niederbayern made an arbitration award between Duke Rudolph and Count Gebhard von Hirschberg in Regensburg on May 6, 1300. People from Bishop Konrad von Regensburg were also involved in the previous arguments .

The disputes that broke out after the death of Count Gebhard VII on March 4, 1305, ended with an arbitration award in 1306. As a result, the Hirschau market together with Sulzbach, Werdenstein, Ammerthal, Lauterhofen, Rosenberg and Hemau with the Tangrintel forest finally went into the possession of the Wittelsbacher over.

Hirschau among the Wittelsbachers

In 1317 Duke Rudolf renounced the government in favor of his brother Ludwig. On January 9, 1325 Ludwig, who was always in need of money, pledged the Hirschau and Ehenfeld court to Heinrich Lengfelder, who had participated in the battle of Mühldorf and was to be compensated for the damage suffered and for some horses sold.

In 1329 Hirschau - known at that time as the market - fell to the Palatinate line of the Wittelsbachers ( Rudolf II , Rupprecht I and Rupprecht II ) through the house contract of Pavia , where Rudolf II held the government until the division was again in February 1338 . In 1338 Hirschau fell to Rupprecht I and his nephew Rupprecht II.

The Hirschau nursing office was established under the Wittelsbach family . The Hirschau nursing office was first mentioned in a land register from 1326.

After the death of Emperor Ludwig , King Karl of Bohemia from the Luxembourg family left no stone unturned to secure the German crown. He succeeded in doing this initially on July 11, 1346 in an election to the rival king, but finally on June 17, 1349, in 1355 he finally became Emperor Charles IV. As a Luxembourger in Bohemia, he was interested in a duty-free and safe route between his royal seat and his household goods . For this reason, Emperor Karl made every effort to get possession of the areas of the Upper Palatinate. Probably with the ulterior motive of gaining a further electoral dignity for his house, Karl married Anna von der Pfalz in 1349 , daughter of Rudolf II. Anna died before her father, so the attempt to inherit the areas of the upper Palatinate under his control failed bring to. A coincidence helped him in his further endeavors. Rupprecht II was taken prisoner in Saxony in 1348. Charles IV took advantage of this circumstance and released the prisoner for 12,000 silver marks. In return, Karl had Hirschau, Waldeck, Störnstein, Neustadt, Murach and Dreswitz sold on July 17, 1353 for redemption within one year. When the heavily indebted Elector Rudolf II died, Karl demanded the immediate repayment of the amount, which the two Ruprecht could not do. That is why Ruprecht I joined Hirschau on October 29, 1353, and Neustadt an der Waldnaab, Sternstein, Lichtenstein, Sulzbach, Rosenberg, Hertenstein, Neidstein, Thurndorf, Hilpoltstein, Hohenstein, Lichteneck, Frankenberg, Lauf, Eschenbach, Hersbruck, Velden, Pegnitz and Plech with all the villages to the Bohemian King. Hirschau had thus become part of the New Bohemian territory.

New Bohemian period

The strong economy-oriented thinking of Charles IV resulted in a special promotion of the cities. As early as October 2, 1354, Karl the Hirschauers confirmed all the rights that they had received from his predecessors. On January 30, 1367, Karl granted the town of Hirschau a privilege of particular importance: he gave Hirschau a weekly market, which was to be held on Tuesday, with all the rights that the weekly markets in Sulzbach and Weiden had previously. He also decreed that the street should go through the city. Anyone who should take the route around the city was subject to attachment and punishment by the royal bailiff.

Bohemian lion at the so-called Röschnhaus, Hauptstrasse 70

At that time Hirschau became a town, the first mention of it as a town dates back to 1367.

In contrast to other cities, especially Sulzbach, where traces of the New Bohemian era cannot be overlooked, in Hirschau you can only find a small relic in the form of a Bohemian lion at the so-called Röschnhaus in Hauptstraße 70.

The Bohemian possessions in the Nordgau were lined up on a road connecting Nuremberg and Prague. This connecting road was later named gulden stras ( Golden Road ) for the first time in 1533 . The road that Karl declared to be the Reichsstraße and decreed that the Bohemian kings were only allowed to go on it for imperial days and royal elections also ran through Hirschau.

Barely 20 years later, Charles IV changed his policy. His policy continued to be aimed at acquiring a second price vote for his house. For this reason, the Mark Brandenburg, ruled by Wittelsbach, came under Karl's sights. Although Charles IV had forbidden the future kings of Bohemia to sell or pledge territories, in 1373 he was forced to sell almost all of New Bohemia, including Hirschau, to his son-in-law, Margrave Otto von Brandenburg and Duke in Bavaria, for 100,000 Hungarian guilders. Should Otto die without a male heir, the territories should fall back to the Bohemian crown. In return, Karl bought the Mark Brandenburg. With that, Hirschau became Wittelsbach again.

Return under the Wittelsbach rule

After the death of Charles IV on November 29, 1378, the situation in Bohemia changed completely. The highly intelligent and outstanding diplomat Charles IV was followed by his son Wenceslaus IV , who, as his nickname the lazy one suggests, had little in common with his father. He lacked both a sense of reality and politics, and he was probably an alcoholic .

When, in 1395, the sons of Duke Stephen II transferred a remaining debt to Elector Ruprecht III from the assignment of the Mark Brandenburg . and his sons had to resign and Ruprecht's son Ludwig III. In 1399 he had redeemed the mortgage note and demanded payment from King Wenzel IV. Soon after the election of Prince-Elector Ruprecht as Roman-German King, armed conflicts broke out. In September 1400, troops from the Palatinate marched into the Upper Palatinate and occupied the city on September 17th. With that, Hirschau was once again Palatinate Wittelsbach.

On April 25, 1415 a friend of Jan Hus , Hieronymus von Prag , was recognized in Hirschau, arrested, taken to Constance and there - after he first revoked his teachings - ultimately also burned.

In the 15th century, the Catholic parish church of the Assumption of Mary was built, which, together with the town hall, shapes the cityscape.

Hirschau in the Thirty Years War

The Thirty Years' War also brought radical changes for Hirschau. As a result of the first years of the war, which meant a series of defeats for the Palatinate-Bohemian troops, Duke Maximilian I received the Upper Palatinate as compensation for the war costs. The rule of the Electoral Palatinate over the Upper Palatinate was ended.

The location on the well-developed road turned out to be very unfavorable for Hirschau, which repeatedly resulted in the billeting of troops. On July 24, 1621 there were first reports of riders who were billeted for one night as planned, but then stayed longer. They were not satisfied with the food they were given, they demanded “chickens, capons and geese” and harassed the citizens of Hirschau. Even the government commissioner who was with the troops and whom the Hirschauers spoke to about the grievances did not intervene.

On September 20 and 21, 1621, the Palatinate- Mansfeld army withdrew from an observation camp behind the Naab. The vanguard, which included the English, marched at the end of the month via Hirschau into the area of the Kastl monastery. The withdrawing troops of Mansfeld lived terribly in Hirschau and burned everything down. Four companies remained in the city as rearguards.

In May 1622 Spaniards and Neapolitans moved under General Tommaso Caracciolo from Waidhaus via Etzenricht, Grafenwoehr and Hirschau to Hahnbach. In Hirschau they outbid everything that the citizens had to endure up to this point in time.

In the years 1623 and 1624 the warfare shifted to Lower Saxony. This was a reassurance for Hirschau, but by no means ended the troop passages, for example in 1623 the Rgt. De Four moved via Hahnbach to Waidhaus.

Hirschau was hit particularly hard in 1625, when, in addition to the economic low and a bad harvest, the plague broke out - brought in from Bohemia . The first cases occurred in Kohlberg in September, and a short time later the first cases also occurred in Wernberg, Köblitz, Kaltenbrunn and Hirschau. With the plague that raged in Hirschau for two years, the need increased.

As the war lasted, troops passing through raged more and more violently. In 1629 the judge Baier reported on the passage to General Matthias Gallas : The Gallasian riding and wagoners in their younger marches and by neither riding nor driving on ordinary road, my whole field cultivated over winter, especially since they drove over it with the gun fallen rainy weather the same alda sunk, to the ground and so spoiled that I will not be able to enjoy a grain of grain for the next year. When the imperial troops under Colloredo and Gallas reappeared in the area around Hirschau in 1631 , the Hirschauer kept the gates closed.

At the beginning of 1632, part of the Fugger regiment was garrisoned in Hirschau. Between July 21 and 25, 1632, 46 companies on horseback and on foot marched under General Wachtmeister von Spar via Tirschenreuth, Weiden and Hirschau to Neumarkt, whereby Hirschau had to endure numerous billeting again.

On June 15, 1632, Elector Maximilian set out from Regensburg to Wallenstein in Eger. The troops who passed through plundered the flat land so horribly that by the end of the month all mills stopped and the farmers and their cattle had fled into the woods. Only the walled cities could still offer some protection, and so on July 2nd all the residents of the area fled to Hirschau, where there was of course a shortage of food and fodder for the cattle. The Hirschau citizens hid their bread to protect it from being robbed by the starving.

After the Swedes took Vilseck on January 20, 1634 , they appeared in front of Hirschau. The crew in Hirschau consisted of an ensign and 40 musketeers, who were forced by 38 citizens' sons to lay down their arms. 300 dragoons and two ammunition wagons, which Commandant Graf Wahl had sent to support the Hirschau crew, fell into enemy hands. In addition, the plague broke out again and claimed victims in Hirschau as well.

Although an imperial order of March 17, 1636 forbade marches through the Landgraviate of Leuchtenberg and the Upper Palatinate, the Piccolomini regiment appeared on April 2 of the same year and was assigned the Diocese of Eichstätt and the Margraviate of Leuchtenberg as model quarters. In 1636 there were still 80 citizens in Hirschau, of whom not even half were fit for armed service.

Despite the imperial order, the passage and billeting continued in the following years. In 1637 horsemen and musketeers from the imperial regiments Gonzaga and Count Maximilian von Walstein came to the area for advertising. In a mass judge, citizens of Hirschau were able to take prisoners. During their interrogation, they said that they had heard of the Hirschauers for a long time. Apparently they already knew the Hirschauer Stückln.

In July 1640 Sporksche Reiter were in the Hirschau office, in 1641 the Druckmüller regiment, 1642 the regiment of General Lambray and the regiments of General Wahl. In 1648 the Swedish general Hans Christoph von Königsmark appeared in Hirschau with 8,000 horses, including 4,000 peoples commanded by Wrangel's army. On June 14, 1648, the Swedes reappeared in the city under General Königsmark.

After the conclusion of the peace, the city calculated all war damage from 1631 to 1648/49 by imperial and Bavarian troops at 60,498 guilders, 50 kreuzers and 2 pfennigs and by enemy peoples at 53,670 guilders, i.e. a total of 114,168 guilders, 50 kreuzers and 2 pfennigs the purchase value a huge sum. In fact, the damage is likely to have been much higher. The list does not include damage to citizens who have already died or who have moved away.

The 1750 Fires

No sooner had the city of Hirschau begun to recover from the rigors of the war years in the first half of the 18th century when new calamities broke out over it. On the afternoon of April 18, 1750, fire broke out at the bakery Jakob Krauss in the upper preithen Gassen (today's Klostergasse). The fire spread very quickly. Six days later, on April 24th, fire broke out again in the afternoon in two adjacent barns in front of the upper gate. Again the fire spread quickly. The damage caused by the two fires was estimated at 36,210 guilders. A total of 233 buildings, including 78 residential buildings, as well as the roof and beams of two thirds of the city wall were destroyed. The fire was caused by arson . The perpetrator is said to have been arrested in Württemberg in 1751 and executed after a confession. The traces of the fire could be seen for many years. According to the tax records of 1770, only a few citizens were able to rebuild their houses to the old extent. Many of the makeshift dwellings were in danger of collapsing in 1770.

Battle of Amberg

The location of Hirschau on an important thoroughfare made the city a theater of war at the end of the 18th century. During the First Coalition War , France wanted to attack Austria from several sides. Therefore, the French Northern Army under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan invaded the Upper Palatinate to advance to Bohemia. On August 17, 1796, the city of Hirschau had to deliver 60 quarters of oats, 500 bundles of hay and straw each to the Imperial Austrian Army in Amberg. On the same day Amberg fell into enemy hands, the Austrian troops had to withdraw to the Naab . In the evening the imperial baggage carts arrived and camped outside the city walls. On the morning of August 18, imperial troops came through with prisoners and wounded. In the afternoon an advance guard of a French part of the army advanced from Amberg. She asked for 60 sacks of oats, 500 bunches of hay and 500 loaves of bread. 20,000 French people gathered in and around Hirschau by around 6 p.m. At night the French asked for 25 quintals of meat. After looting and mistreatment, the French, led by Generals Ney , Colaud and Lefebvre , left the Hirschau area on August 20 to begin their advance in the direction of Wernberg and Nabburg. On August 23, a French chasseur came from Nabburg with a written request from the French administration for 30 quintals of bread, 700 sacks of oats and 20 buckets of brandy. The next day a commissioner and three chasseurs followed to collect these things. Under the pressure of the Austrians who pushed in, the French under Jourdan began to withdraw from Schwarzenfeld, Nabburg and Wernberg partly via Amberg, partly via Hirschau. Again the area around the city was full of French troops. The French commissioner was still in town. He continued to threaten to take Mayor Popp hostage. When he fled, he threatened to arrest both of his sons. Ultimately, however, he let money soften it. On August 24, the battle of Amberg raged between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. , in which the imperial troops under Archduke Karl defeated the French and Jourdan.

The damage that the French had caused in Hirschau was devastating. In addition, after the departure of the French, a cattle disease spread. The damage caused by the cattle disease alone was estimated at 22,574 guilders.

19th century

In 1800 the robber captain Franz Troglauer stayed with his gang in and around Hirschau.

On March 24, 1802, the Hirschau nursing office was dissolved by ordinance and attached to the Amberg district court. Through the first Bavarian community edict, Hirschau was assigned to the tax district and the Amberg district court and thus to the Naab district in 1808 . After the Naabkreis was dissolved in favor of the Mainkreis and the Regenkreis , Hirschau was assigned to the Regenkreis in 1810 together with the Amberg District Court (from 1838 onwards, Upper Palatinate and Regensburg ). By the second Bavarian municipal edict, Hirschau became an independent political municipality in 1818.

In the 19th century the emerging industry - in Hirschau the stoneware factory Hirschau Keramik - needed workers. The number of inhabitants rose sharply in the course of the 19th century. Before that, it had remained roughly constant for half a millennium. The fact that the population did not increase was mainly due to the fact that the city magistrate checked every marriage. Since the city had to come up well into World War II, when citizens became impoverished, the trials were very severe. Due to the increase in population, citizens also settled outside the city walls from the 19th century.

Between the world wars

The second half of the 20s in the 20th century were marked by catastrophes for Hirschau. Aided by strong winds, 10 residential buildings with their outbuildings and the hay and grain stores burned down in October 1926, leaving 14 families homeless. The fire brigades that had moved from Amberg, Weiher, Schnaittenbach, Burgstall-Krondorf, Steiningloh, Gibbach, Mimbach and Ehenfeld needed five hours to bring the fire under control and prevent worse things from happening. On June 23, 1929, fire broke out in Klostergasse, which destroyed three houses. On July 4, 1929, a devastating storm caused severe damage. The Amberger Volkszeitung reported: “No house, no barn, no garden was spared from the storm, the roofs are perforated and the windows on the west side are almost all smashed. [...] There is no longer any prospect that a seed grain can be brought in this year, not even the straw for household use. The local farmers are so damaged that in their dire need they want to write down. "

Although the economy in Germany recovered in the years 1925 to 1929, there was no sign of this in Hirschau due to the decline of the stoneware factory. In July 1926 she had to announce 150 layoffs and most of them carried out. The number of unemployed thus reached the level of the winter months. The economic situation of the concrete factory was also unfavorable. She too had to make layoffs during the summer months. From 1930 the economic situation deteriorated in general. The stoneware factory had to shut down temporarily in 1931. From then on, work was only carried out irregularly. In 1924 the stoneware factory had 500 workers. The Amberger Kaolinwerke also had to struggle with the economic decline. The number of employees fell from 300 to 200 in 1929 and 1930. The Dorfner company had to reduce the number of employees from 87 to 50 at the same time. Dorfner also had to temporarily shut down operations on January 9, 1932 and then only continued to work irregularly.

Second World War

On April 22, 1945, the Americans moved into Hirschau with tanks, two days after they bombed the city. The mayor and veterinarian Dr. Thoma was deposed by the Americans and the sawmill owner Mathias Amann - a Social Democrat - installed. As his deputy, the Americans appointed master tailor Anselm Freimuth, a man who, as a member of the Bavarian People's Party, had already been a member of the Hirschau city council before 1933, but then - like his BVP colleagues - had to "voluntarily" resign from his city council seat under pressure from the National Socialists .

After the Second World War

As part of the regional reform , the district of Amberg , to which Hirschau belonged, was dissolved in 1972 and 1973. The city of Hirschau was assigned to the new district of Amberg-Sulzbach .

Incorporations

On October 1, 1938, the district of Waldmühle of the disbanded community of Forst was changed to Hirschau. On January 1, 1971, the previously independent municipality of Ehenfeld was incorporated, and on January 1, 1972, parts of the previously independent municipalities of Großschönbrunn and Mimbach, and on April 1, 1972, part of the municipality of Weiher . The last incorporation to date took place on May 1, 1978. At that time, the community of Massenricht with its districts Obersteinbach, Untersteinbach, the hamlets of Rödlas and Träglhof and the wasteland Hummelmühle was incorporated.

Population development

Population development in the city of Hirschau

In sources from the years 1831 to 1835 Hirschau is referred to as a small town. Numbers between 780 and 1,000 are given as the number of inhabitants. In all sources Hirschau is referred to as belonging to the Amberg district court. In two sources from 1838 and 1840 respectively, 1406 inhabitants are named for Hirschau, but the number of houses is given very differently with 303 and 215 respectively.

In a work from 1868, Hirschau is listed as a town belonging to the district of the Amberg City and Regional Court. According to this, the city had 1634 inhabitants, 522 buildings and 3 churches at the 1864 census.

Batzl gives further population figures for the city of Hirschau:

1809: 0873
1840: 1385
1852: 1483
1855: 1534
1861: 1634
1867: 1667
1871: 1737
1875: 1829
1880: 1930
1885: 1869
1890: 1748
1895: 1776
1900: 1801
1905: 1892
1910: 1945
1919: 2003
1925: 2319 (another source names 2319 inhabitants for 1925)
1933: 2614 (another source gives 2623 inhabitants for 1933)
1939: 3111 (another source names 3126 inhabitants for 1933)
1946: 3957
1952: 4458
1961: 4659 (census June 6, 1961)
1970: 4766 (census on May 27, 1970)

Population development in the municipality of the city of Hirschau

In data from the Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing, the population figures are extrapolated to the current territorial status of the city of Hirschau:

Deadline	Residents	Deadline	Residents	Deadline	Residents
December 1, 1840	2907	December 31, 1998	6373	December 31, 2008	6068
December 1, 1871	3268	December 31, 1999	6381	December 31, 2009	6026
December 1, 1900	3208	December 31, 2000	6360	December 31, 2010	5940
June 16, 1925	3785	December 31, 2001	6399	December 31, 2011	5893
May 17, 1939	4400	December 31, 2002	6376	December 31, 2012	5819
September 13, 1950	6103	December 31, 2003	6316	December 31 2013	5793
June 6, 1961	6191	December 31, 2004	6257	December 31, 2014	5800
May 27, 1970	6427	December 31, 2005	6162	December 31, 2015	5795
May 25, 1987	6067	December 31, 2006	6178	December 31, 2016	5783
December 31, 1995	6256	December 31, 2007	6112

Between 1988 and 2018, the population decreased from 6,092 to 5,629 by 463 inhabitants or 7.6%.

Population of the parish of Hirschau

The oldest source that gives the population figures for Hirschau dates back to 1738. On October 1st, the parish of Hirschau (town of Hirschau, Waldmühle, Sargmühle, Haidmühle, the Haid farmers, Dien-, Schar- and Kricklhof) counted a total of 970 people. The number increased through billeting in the following years, but fell to 938 by 1742 and to 917 in 1743. By October 1, 1788, the number of residents rose to 1,051.

For the parish of Hirschau (town of Hirschau (1406 inhabitants / 215 houses), Waldmühle (8/2), Sargmühle (7/1), Haidmühle (9/1), the Haid farmers (2/1), Scharhof (6th / 1) and Kricklhof (23/3)) a population of 1461 inhabitants in 224 houses.

Religions

When the stoneware factory was founded, Protestant experts came to Hirschau as early as 1825. When Christian Carstens GmbH took over the two ceramic factories after the First World War , the number of Protestant residents continued to rise. After the Second World War , other Protestants came to Hirschau with the expellees from the East and the Sudetenland.

Until 2003 there were two Catholic parishes in the area of the town of Hirschau, the parish of Hirschau and the parish of Ehenfeld. Since 2003 the two parishes have formed a parish community. The parish community belongs to the deanery Sulzbach-Hirschau and thus to the diocese of Regensburg .

politics

City council election 2020

(in %)

%

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

47.85

23.52

21.80

6.83

CSU

SPD

FWH

Green

Gains and losses

compared to 2014

% p

8th

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8th

-10

-12

+1.75

-11.88

+3.30

+6.83

CSU

SPD

FWH

Green

Current distribution of seats in the Hirschau City Council (March 15, 2020)

A total of 20 seats

CSU : 10
SPD : 5
FWH : 4
Greens : 1

City council

The city council has 20 members. Another member and chairman of the city council is the mayor. In the local elections on March 15, 2020, of the 4,797 residents in Hirschau who were entitled to vote, 3,294 exercised their right to vote, bringing the turnout to 68.67%.

mayor

1818–1822: Martin Dorfner
1837–1845: Martin Dorfner
1846–1850: Florian Dorfner
1945–1948: Mathias Amann (SPD)
1948–1958: Georg Lederer (SPD)
1958–1984: Willi Bösl (CSU)
1984–2002: Helmut Rösch (CSU)
2002–2014: Hans Drexler (CSU)
since 2014: Hermann Falk (CSU)

In the local elections on March 15, 2020, Hermann Falk was re-elected with 68.20% of the vote.

coat of arms

Blazon : "In red, a jumping, gold-armored, silver deer, on which a label with the Bavarian diamonds is placed on the front."

With the coat of arms there are connections between the coat of arms of the Counts of Hirschberg , who wielded a red stag on a silver background as the coat of arms, and that of the city of Hirschau, which shows a jumping silver stag on a red shield. The stag has a silver and blue roughened label on its chest, which refers to the reign of the Wittelsbach rulership , which was restored after 1373 . The Hirschau coat of arms has been documented since 1467. In order to additionally symbolize the term “Au”, six small fir trees were added to the coat of arms in the 18th and early 19th centuries, over which the deer leaps over.

Town twinning

Hirschau is part of a special city partnership. In November 2004, eight cities and municipalities in Europe signed the founding charter in Karlsbad in the Czech Republic. The kaolin city partnership connects places that have a special relationship with the raw material kaolin . In addition to Hirschau, members are the Bavarian towns of Tirschenreuth and Schnaittenbach , from Saxony the communities Königswartha , Sornzig-Ablaß and the city of Mügeln , Nová Role in the Czech Republic and Nowogrodziec in Poland.

Culture and sights

Hirschauer pieces

The amusing anecdotes that found their way into the entire empire of Charles IV through the Lale book at the end of the 16th century are also poached to the citizens of Hirschau and referred to as Hirschauer Stückln. For this reason, literary historians refer to Hirschau as “Schilda der Oberpfalz”.

movie theater

As early as 1925, there is evidence of Hans Brem as a cinema owner in Hirschau. Brem showed his films in the castle hall and in the then newly built Löwen-Bräusaal, today's Josefshaus.

In 1948 Josef Dorfner expanded the castle hall, which was built in 1910 on the north side of today's castle hotel, by adding an extension for a projection room and a ticket office. He leased this space to the entrepreneur Heinz Zörrgiebel, who ran a cinema there under the name “Schlosslichtspiele”.

Years later, a newspaper report informed that the Dorfner brewery, after the technical systems of the Schlosslichtspiele were outdated, was planning to open a new cinema in the Schwanenwirtschaft, which is centrally located on the market square. However, this never came to be.

On August 28, 1954, the press said that the time without a cinema in Hirschau was over and that the makeshift movie theater "Schloss-Lichtspiele", built in 1947, had been reopened by the owner himself after several weeks of restoration and refurbishment. So it could be read: “In general, everything in this new cinema, which one would rather call a film studio, is very tastefully and comfortably designed. The seating for 280 people is practical and pleasing and the solid upholstery of the seats exudes a festive warmth. "

In 1955, at the time of the cinema boom, the Joras family built the Park Theater on Hintergartenstrasse. With the beginning of the television age, the "Schloss-Lichtspiele" closed their doors, and in the mid-1970s the Park Theater also gave way to the first Hirschau consumer market .

theatre

Since 2005 the Festspielverein Hirschau eV, founded especially for this purpose on June 27, 2003, has been performing the “Hirschauer Stückln”. This is a festival that takes place in the Biedermeier period. The pieces are now written by members of the Festival Association themselves, directed by Yvonne Brosch . The next festival will take place in 2017.

music

Thanks to the Hirschau music train , the city of Hirschau appears musically supra-regional.

Buildings

In the urban area

Goldener Hirsch inn

The Gasthaus Goldener Hirsch is the oldest restaurant in town. The three-sided building complex on the south side of the town square in Hauptstrasse 61 is likely to have been built in 1522, the remains of a wooden ceiling in the inn go back to 1511. An inn was mentioned at this point as early as 1360. A baroque renovation was probably carried out around 1730, and a coat of arms attached to the building with a stag and two two-tailed Bohemian lions, which was also restored in the course of the most recent renovation, also dates from this period. Since 1840 the building has been provided with root justice (Tafernrecht is tied to the land and not to a person).

Edith and Alfred Härtl acquired the building in 2010 in order to revitalize it as a modern restaurant with overnight accommodation and a beer garden. In 2012 the renovation work was completed and on July 19, 2012 the catering business was resumed.

Gustav-Adolf-Gedächtniskirche

The foundation stone for the Gustav-Adolf-Gedächtniskirche was laid in 1931. It was inaugurated on May 16, 1932. The construction of the church received special support from Georg Schiffer, director of the Amberg kaolin works . On July 23, 1957, Hirschau became its own Protestant parish, previously Hirschau was administered from Amberg. The first rectory was also built in 1957.

historical town hall

The historic town hall in Hirschau, located in the center of the city, is the seat of the city administration of Hirschau and the mayor. It was built at the end of the 15th century.

monastery

The monastery is located in Klostergasse. The pastor Johann Baptist Kotz, who has been active since 1845, campaigned for a branch of the Order of the Poor School Sisters in Hirschau. For this reason he bought the property, then number 102, in Lammwirtsgasse, today's Klostergasse. To finance the project, Kotz solicited donations, even King Ludwig gave 500 guilders. After the renovation, the pastor donated the building to the community. The order began work on May 31, 1854 with four sisters. In 1883 the premises became too small. The back building was demolished so that two new halls could be added. In 1920 the teaching staff was increased to three sisters, and another handicraft sister came to Hirschau. In 1923 the asylum room for small children was relocated to Bahnhofsstraße. A playground was also available there. With effect from July 7, 1938, the sisters were removed from school service by the National Socialists, and the kindergarten was also dismantled in 1942. At the end of the war in 1945, the monastery school served as an auxiliary hospital from February 28th to August, mainly for refugees from Silesia and Brandenburg. Up to 55 people were cared for by the sisters.

Marian column

A Marian column is located north of the parish church of the Assumption of Mary on Bischof-Bösl-Platz. The column consists of a concrete base about 2.80 m high, on which an oval metal sign with the inscription "ANNO DOMINI 1910" is attached. The column was erected in 1910. The dates 1982 and 2000 are also attached to the concrete base. During these years the column was renovated.

Parish Church of the Assumption

The parish church is on the market square of Hirschau. The oldest part of the parish church, the choir dates from the early 15th century. The tower was rebuilt in 1753, and the parish church was given its present form during the renovation in 1848/1849.

Care lock

The nursing home is a building in the eastern part of the city. The beginnings of the castle are not exactly known, but probably go back to the founding time of the city of Hirschau in the 13th century. After a fire in 1474, the castle was rebuilt in its current form and completed in 1478. Over the centuries the castle fulfilled numerous functions, it was the seat of the caretaker, the seat of the city council and a brewery. Parts of the castle have been used as a restaurant and hotel since 1987.

Church of the Fourteen Holy Helpers

The Hirschau cemetery chapel in the north of the city, the beginnings of which date back to the 15th century, with its richly decorated high altar ( acantus carving by the Amberg artist Johann Hirschl, created in 1710, donated by Joh.Jakob Weinzierl) commemorates the particularly great veneration of the 14 helpers in need and the Saints Maria, Florian, Rochus and Sebastian during the plague times. Gallery parapet: pictures (18th century): twelve apostles, Christ as Salvator, Mary, Paul. Organ: Johann Adam Funtsch , June 7, 1764

Lookout tower at Rödlas

In the districts

Rödlas observation tower

The Rödlasturm is a 32 meter high observation tower at 570 m above sea level. NN. Like the mountain hut, the tower was built by the local mass judge group of the Upper Palatinate Forest Association. When the weather is clear, it offers a view of the two basalt cones Parkstein and Rauher Kulm , to the east of the Czech Republic, to the south of Hirschau with Monte Kaolino and Schnaittenbach and to the west of the mountains of Franconian Switzerland . The tower could not be restored with the association's own funds, but this was achieved by placing their antennas there.

Parish church Ehenfeld

In the oldest part of the church, the current sacristy, there are frescoes from the 12th to 15th centuries.

Parks

Amusement park Monte Kaolino

In addition to Monte Kaolino , a 120 m high mountain made of around 35 million tons of quartz sand, the amusement park offers an outdoor dune pool, a forest high ropes course, a summer toboggan run, a campsite, a color forest and a geology educational trail.

city Park

The city park is located on the west side of the city center.

Sports

The Sandboard World Championships took place on Monte Kaolino every year until 2009. Even if the Sandboard World Championship is no longer taking place, the mountain will continue to be used as a summer ski area.

There are numerous sports clubs in Hirschau, in which a total of 14 sports are practiced. At least two sports clubs appear nationwide:

The Hirschau-based bowling club FAF Hirschau has been playing in the bowling league (Classic) since the 2005/2006 season .
The SC Monte Kaolino , also located in Hirschau, is home to numerous former top athletes from cross-country skiing, some of whom are still active in the vicinity of the German national cross-country team.

Libraries

In the city and parish library over 6,000 media, including all kinds of books and audio books as well as English literature, can be borrowed.

Economy and Infrastructure

Companies

Due to the kaolin deposits, some companies in the kaolin industry have settled. The companies in the Dorfner Group mine and refine kaolin. AKW Kick works in the same area . AKW Kick is the largest manufacturer of the industrial mineral kaolin in Germany. The company AKW Apparate + Verfahren was founded under the umbrella of the AKW Kick company . Founded in 1963 as a subsidiary of AKW Kick, the company was spun off in 1986 and now operates as an independent company in apparatus and plant construction in the areas of wet mechanical processing of mineral raw materials and environmental technology. Under the umbrella of AKW Apparate + Verfahren, the company SiC Processing works in the field of reprocessing of saw suspension (slurry) that occurs in the photovoltaic and semiconductor industry. AKW A + V Protec Rail GmbH has been working in the field of wastewater treatment for rail vehicles since 1991.

The seat of Conrad , a family business in electronics - mail order , located since 1946 in Hirschau.

The Raiffeisenbank Hirschau was established in April 1908th Through mergers with the banks in Schnaittenbach and Freudenberg , the bank and its three branches look after an area that extends over the three communities of Hirschau, Schnaittenbach and Freudenberg.

The Hirschau Castle Brewery in Hirschau has been brewing beer since 1812 .

Jobs

The city has an almost even job balance. On June 30, 2017, there were 2,453 jobs subject to social security contributions in Hirschau, while 2505 of the resident population were in employment subject to compulsory insurance. This means that the number of out-commuters was only 52 higher than that of in-commuters. 98 residents were unemployed.

media

Not far away from Hirschau, on the Rotbühl mountain, is the Amberg transmitter , a broadcasting mast of the Deutsche Funkturm GmbH. With the switch to digital television in November 2008, twelve programs are now broadcast by this station. The program is also broadcast by Radio Ramasuri (95.3 MHz / 1 kW radiated power).

The local Härtl-Verlag mainly publishes technical literature in the electronics sector. Alfred Härtl publishes his own books at Härtl-Verlag.

Agriculture

In 2016 there were 64 farms in the city, compared to 101 in 2003. 2370 hectares of the urban area are used for agriculture.

Public facilities

Seniors

Haus Conrad has existed in Hirschau since 2013, offering assisted living in eight apartments on two floors . The residential units are between 29 and 76 m² in size. The building has an elevator. On the first floor, the Conrad house is connected to the BRK retirement home.

The BRK senior living and nursing home in Hirschau has 35 single rooms and 30 double rooms.

In addition to the Conrad house and the senior citizens' residential and nursing home, there are two social stations in Hirschau.

education

Kindergartens

There are three municipal kindergartens and one kindergarten, which is sponsored by the Catholic Church, as well as a children's house. On March 1, 2018, the day-care centers had a total of 239 places, of which 205 were occupied, 44 of which were again for children under three years of age. A total of 50 people were employed.

The Antonius Kindergarten has a garden with old fruit trees. In 1997 and 1998 the kindergarten was renovated and a gymnasium was added. There is currently a day nursery and an open group in the Antonius Kindergarten. The focus of the kindergarten is on exercise, there is one forest day per week. The Marienkindergarten is located in the primary and secondary school building in Hirschau. It is responsible for homework supervision for children from first to fourth grade and has a kindergarten group for three to six year olds. The kindergarten currently offers the longest childcare hours and a warm lunch. The focus is on “learning by doing” and “being there for one another”.

In the St. Wolfgang Kindergarten there are currently two crèche groups and two kindergarten groups. The emphasis is on music and movement. The kindergarten received the Felix award from the German Choir Association .

In 1950 the parish of Ehenfeld opened a kindergarten, the management of which was placed in the hands of the Sisters of the Holy Cross . As early as 1960, due to the increasing number of children, the addition of a group room was necessary, which was followed by a cloakroom, washroom and toilet. Auxiliary Bishop Josef Hiltl inaugurated the new premises . From 1989 to 1991 the kindergarten building was completely renovated and rebuilt. The inauguration was carried out by Auxiliary Bishop Vinzenz Guggenberger . In 2002 another expansion became necessary. The kindergarten experienced a personnel cut in 2001 when the sisters of the Holy Cross were withdrawn from Ehenfeld. Since then, the children have been looked after by secular staff. Since 2009 there has also been lunch in the kindergarten. The kindergarten has already received the Felix award several times from the German Choir Association .

In addition, the Conrad Children's Home has existed since November 2012. This is a supplementary family facility with space for 24 children aged 0 to 14 years. Children are taken in by employees of Conrad Electronic SE. The children's house is located on the company premises of Conrad Electronic SE, embedded in a garden with trees.

schools

There is a primary and secondary school in Hirschau . There 194 students are taught in nine classes. 133 pupils go to primary school in six classes, 61 pupils attend secondary school in three classes (as of the 2015/16 school year). The school offers free all-day care for middle school pupils, in exceptional cases also for elementary school pupils, which also includes homework supervision.

In the district of Hirschaus there is still a primary school in Ehenfeld with two combined year classes and a total of 35 pupils (status: 2015/16 school year).

Schoolchildren from Hirschau who attend secondary schools have to commute to Amberg , Sulzbach-Rosenberg or Nabburg .

traffic

air traffic

The nearest airports are in Nuremberg (81 km), Munich (193 km) and Prague (213 km).

The Weiden / Latsch airfield, which is only used by private individuals, business people and an association, is 24 km away.

Rail transport

Passenger traffic on the Amberg – Schnaittenbach railway line , on which Hirschau is located, was limited to one pair of trains for school traffic from 1960 and was completely shut down on May 30, 1976. Today the route is only used for freight traffic.

The nearest train stations are in Freihung (12 km), in Röthenbach (12 km) and Vilseck (14 km), which are on the Neukirchen – Weiden railway line . The Wernberg-Köblitz station (15 km) is on the Regensburg – Weiden railway line and the Amberg station (15 km) on the Nuremberg – Schwandorf railway line .

Transportation

Hirschau is connected to local public transport by several bus routes. These are the RBO line 59 via Lintach to Amberg ( VGN line 459), the RBO line 55 between Weiden and Amberg (VGN line 455) and the RBO line 63 between Schnaittenbach and Sulzbach-Rosenberg (VGN Line 463).

Hirschau is also connected to some of the districts in the northern part of the municipality via the Hirschau local line (RBO line 68, VGN line 468).

Road traffic

Hirschau is on State Road 2238 , which connects the two regional centers of Amberg and Weiden , and on State Road 2123 , which runs from Sorghof via Vilseck to Hirschau.

Hirschau is also on Bundesstraße 14 . The federal road crosses the city from east to west. The federal highway 14 and the federal highway 299 intersect 7 km to the west in the area of the neighboring municipality Gibbach .

It is 15 km from Hirschau to the Wernberg-Köblitz junction of the A 93 motorway . The A 6 motorway can be reached from Hirschau either via the A 93 motorway, Wernberg-Köblitz junction, and then via the Oberpfälzer Wald junction after 18 km or via the Amberg-West junction after 21 km.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

Betty Bösl (* 1926), former head of the Hirschau welfare station, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit on ribbon
Antonio Eduardo Bösl (born March 21, 1925 in Hirschau; † October 13, 2000 in Concepción ), mission bishop
Klaus Conrad (* 1936), German entrepreneur
Wolfgang Droßbach († August 30, 1961)

sons and daughters of the town

Jakob von Bauer 1853

Jakob Bauer (1787–1854), Bavarian politician
Florian Dorfner (1802–1878), landowner, beer brewer, politician and founder of a hospital
Martin Dorfner (1783–1845), restaurateur and politician
Oliver Fink (* 1982), German soccer player
Tobias Fink (* 1983), German soccer player
Alfred Härtl , entrepreneur and non-fiction author
Ferdinand Janner (1836–1895), Catholic theologian
Friedrich Pfannmüller (1490–1562), organ builder
Barbara Popp (1802–1870), German painter and lithographer
Wilhelm Schorner (born February 3, 1889 in Hirschau; † March 29, 1999 in Sulzbach-Rosenberg), from March 7, 1999 until his death, the oldest living German
Werner Schulz (* August 1949), teacher and former local politician, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit on Ribbon.
Claudia Seebacher, b. Schwemmer (born December 6, 1979), pop singer, presenter, actress, copywriter and music producer, known under the pseudonym Nina Stern

literature

Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968.
Franz X. Bogner: The Upper Palatinate from the air . Pustet, 2010, ISBN 978-3-7917-2249-8 . (Hirschau see p. 93)
Johann B. Lautenschlager: Chronicle of the city of Hirschau , Amberg 1897 ( digitized )

Web links

Commons : Hirschau - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Hirschau , in: Georg Muck: History of Heilsbronn Monastery , Volume 2 - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).

^ Stadt Hirschau in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on August 20, 2018.

↑ Hirschauer Ortsteile ( Memento of the original from October 25, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Map of the Amberg land surveying office with district boundaries ( memento of the original from December 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.1 MB) @1@ 2

↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from December 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Register of districts and municipalities at http://vermessage.bayern.de/ @1@ 2
↑ GeoTour information board at Rödlas, available online at geotouren.as ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2
^ Berthold Weber: The Monte Kaolino near Hirschau. In: www.vfmg-weiden.de. Association of Friends of Mineralogy and Geology, accessed December 19, 2014 .
^ SPM Verlag eK in cooperation with the city of Hirschau (ed.): Hirschau . Information. 1st edition. SPM Verlag eK, Schwabach 2015, p. 27 .
↑ AmbiWeb GmbH: Climate: Hirschau. In: CLIMATE-DATA.ORG. AmbiWeb GmbH, accessed on June 6, 2016 .
^ ^A ^b Dietrich-Jürgen Manske : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 164 Regensburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1981, pp. 53–54. → Online map (PDF; 4.8 MB)
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 7.
^ Joseph Moritz: Stammlinie und Geschichte der Graf von Sulzbach Munich 1833, p. 284 (available online on Google Books )
↑ ^a ^b The district of Amberg Sulzbach, mediaprint infoverlag, Mering 2011, 6th edition, p. 42
↑ ^a ^b Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 8.
↑ Anna Schiener: Brief history of the Upper Palatinate Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, 2011, p. 56.
↑ Joseph Moritz: Stammreihe und Geschichte der Graf von Sulzbach Munich 1833, p. 361ff (available online on Google Books )
^ Commission for Bavarian State History, edited by Georg Leingärtner: Historischer Atlas von Bayern. Issue 24, Munich 1971, p. 13 (available online at Digitale-sammlungen.de )
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 10.
^ Joseph Moritz: Stammreihe und Geschichte der Graf von Sulzbach Munich 1833, p. 310 (available online on Google Books )
↑ ^a ^b Joseph Moritz: Stammlinie und Geschichte der Graf von Sulzbach Munich 1833, p. 311 (available online on Google Books )
↑ ^a ^b Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 11.
↑ Anna Schiener: Small history of the Upper Palatinate Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, 2011, p. 57.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 12.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 15.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 41.
↑ ^a ^b Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 45.
↑ Dr. Alfred Ernstberger: History of the father line of the Dorfner in Hirschau (Bavarian Ostmark) Verlag Michael Laßleben, Kallmünz 1940, p. 32
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 44.
↑ Anna Schiener: Brief history of the Upper Palatinate Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, 2011, p. 69.
↑ Anna Schiener: Brief history of the Upper Palatinate Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, 2011, p. 70.
^ ^A ^b Joseph Anton Eisenmann, Karl Friedrich Hohn (ed.): Topo-geographical-statistical lexicon of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 1 : A-L . Palm and Enke, Erlangen 1840, p. 752 ( digitized - first edition: 1831).
↑ Anna Schiener: Small history of the Upper Palatinate Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, 2011, p. 107.
↑ ^a ^b Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 108.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 109.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 110.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 111.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 112.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 113.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 114.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 115.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 116.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 117.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 135.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 151.
↑ Dr. Alfred Ernstberger: History of the father line of the Dorfner in Hirschau (Bayer. Ostmark) Verlag Michael Laßleben, Kallmünz 1940, p. 52
↑ Dr. Alfred Ernstberger: History of the father line of the Dorfner in Hirschau (Bayer. Ostmark) Verlag Michael Laßleben, Kallmünz 1940, p. 58
↑ Dr. Alfred Ernstberger: History of the father line of the Dorfner in Hirschau (Bayer. Ostmark) Verlag Michael Laßleben, Kallmünz 1940, pp. 80–81
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 161.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 162.
↑ Dr. Alfred Ernstberger: History of the father line of the Dorfner in Hirschau (Bayer. Ostmark) Verlag Michael Laßleben, Kallmünz 1940, p. 82
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 21.
^ Commission for Bavarian State History, edited by Georg Leingärtner: Historischer Atlas von Bayern. Issue 24, Munich 1971, p. 141 (available online at Digitale-sammlungen.de )
↑ Handbook of the Bavarian offices, municipalities and courts 1799–1980 in connection with Richard Bauer, Reinhard Heydenreuter, Gerhard Heyl, Emma Mages, Max Piendl, August Scherl, Bernhard Zittel ed. by Wilhelm Volkert, full professor at the University of Regensburg, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 .
^ Commission for Bavarian State History, edited by Georg Leingärtner, Historischer Atlas von Bayern , Heft 24, Munich 1971, p. 142 (available online at Digitale-sammlungen.de )
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 190.
↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 193.
↑ CSU has been a formative political force in Hirschau for 60 years on www.kaolinpott.de
^ History of the district of Amberg-Sulzbach at www.kreis-as.de
^ Commission for Bavarian State History, edited by Georg Leingärtner, Historischer Atlas von Bayern , Heft 24, Munich 1971, p. 146 (available online at Digitale-sammlungen.de )
^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 419 .
^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 639 .
↑ K. Fr. Vollrath Hoffmann: Germany and its residents , Stuttgart 1835, p. 234 (available online on Google Books )
^ WCA von Schlieben: Newest Painting of the Federal States , Vienna 1834, p. 85
↑ Max Siebert: The Kingdom of Bavaria topographically and statistically in lexicographical and tabular form. Munich 1840, p. 210 (available online on Google Books )
↑ ^a ^b Diocese (Regensburg), Joseph Lipf: Register of the Diocese of Regensburg. Regensburg 1838, p. 132 (available online on Google Books )
^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 644 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).

↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 294.

^ ^A ^b ^c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Amberg district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).

↑ ^a ^b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 636 .

↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing: STATISTIK kommunal │2008 , Munich 2008, p. 2

↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing: STATISTIK kommunal │2011 , Munich 2008, p. 6 (available online at www.statistik.bayern.de ; PDF; 1.3 MB)

↑ Result - 12411-001 (available online at www.statistikdaten.bayern.de ; xls, 412 kB)

↑ ^a ^b SPM Verlag eK in cooperation with the city of Hirschau (ed.): Hirschau . Information. 1st edition. SPM Verlag eK, Schwabach 2015, p. 17 .

^ SPM Verlag eK in cooperation with the city of Hirschau (ed.): Hirschau . Information. 1st edition. SPM Verlag eK, Schwabach 2015, p. 16 .

↑ City council election 2020

^ Town Hall> Employees. Hirschau community, accessed on August 18, 2020 .

↑ Mayoral election 2020

↑ Entry on the Hirschau coat of arms in the database of the House of Bavarian History

↑ Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Hirschau. Hirschau 1968, p. 9.

↑ http://www.stadt-tirschenreuth.de/rathaus-buergerservice/partektivenen.html

↑ Der Landkreis Amberg Sulzbach, mediaprint infoverlag, Mering 2011, 6th edition, p. 42f.

↑ Frauenbund with Sepp Strobl at the Schlooserer on the way to www.hirschau.de

↑ 45 years ago the lights went out in the cinema on www.oberpfalznetz.de

↑ Werner Schulz: The course is set by 2047 . No. 193 . Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, Weiden August 22, 2016, p. 31 .

↑ More about the Michael Forster family at www.altmuehlnet.de

↑ Pottpourri June / July 2012, p. 11 (available online at www.pottpourri.net )

↑ An urban gem carefully renovated at www.oberpfalznetz.de

↑ Website of the Restaurant Högers

↑ Werner Schulz: Nobody knows why the Marian column is standing. The building on Bischof-Bösl-Platz is 100 years old this year. (No longer available online.) In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, May 31, 2010, archived from the original on December 17, 2014 ; accessed on October 31, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

^ Alfred Härtl : Places of reflection . Churches • chapels • Marterln • wayside shrines • wayside crosses in the town of Hirschau. 1st edition. Härtl-Verlag, Hirschau 2000, ISBN 3-9800725-6-8 , p. 18-20 .

↑ Catholic parish office of the Assumption of Mary, 92242 Hirschau (ed.): Catholic parish church of the Assumption of Mary in Hirschau . Hirschau 2005.

↑ Cultural gems in our region! Nursing lock, Hirschau. In: die-goldene-strasse.de. AOVE GmbH, accessed on November 7, 2012 .

↑ Massenricht , aerial photos of the northern Upper Palatinate

↑ ^a ^b ^c SPM Verlag eK in cooperation with the city of Hirschau (ed.): Hirschau . Information. 1st edition. SPM Verlag eK, Schwabach 2015, p. 43 .

↑ HISTORY. In: http://www.akwauv.com/ . AKW Apparate + Verfahren GmbH, accessed on October 31, 2012 .

^ SPM Verlag eK in cooperation with the city of Hirschau (ed.): Hirschau . Information. 1st edition. SPM Verlag eK, Schwabach 2015, p. 29 .

↑ ^a ^b SPM Verlag eK in cooperation with the city of Hirschau (ed.): Hirschau . Information. 1st edition. SPM Verlag eK, Schwabach 2015, p. 44 .

^ Berthold Weber: Seniors Residential and Nursing Home Hirschau. In: kvamberg-sulzbach.brk.de. Bavarian Red Cross corporation under public law, accessed on June 6, 2016 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c SPM Verlag eK in cooperation with the city of Hirschau (ed.): Hirschau . Information. 1st edition. SPM Verlag eK, Schwabach 2015, p. 42 .

↑ Well- being for the little ones. Kindergarten Ehenfeld celebrates its 60th birthday on Sunday, June 13th - award. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, June 9, 2010, accessed on May 20, 2016 .

^ Peter Bräutigam: Daycare center opened at Conrad Electronic. (No longer available online.) Conrad Electronic SE, November 22, 2012, archived from the original on May 20, 2016 ; accessed on May 20, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

^ Conrad Kinderhaus Hirschau. Balley Brandenburg of the Knightly Order of St. Johannis from the Jerusalem Hospital, accessed on May 20, 2016 .

↑ school. In: www.schule-hirschau.de. Retrieved May 20, 2016 .

↑ All -day school. (No longer available online.) In: www.schule-hirschau.de. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016 ; accessed on May 20, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Carp bring good luck. CSU Massenricht hands over the proceeds to kindergarten Ehenfeld. In: oberpfalznetz.de. Medienhaus Der neue Tag "Der neue Tag - Oberpfälzischer Kurier" Druck- und Verlagshaus GmbH, January 28, 2016, accessed on May 20, 2016 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c SPM Verlag eK in cooperation with the city of Hirschau (ed.): Hirschau . Information. 1st edition. SPM Verlag eK, Schwabach 2015, p. 7 .

↑ Amberg - Lintach - Kemnath a. Buchberg - Mass Direction. (PDF; 22 kB) Verkehrsgemeinschaft Amberg-Sulzbach (line 459 - VGN). (No longer available online.) In: znas.de. Zweckverband Nahverkehr Amberg-Sulzbach, November 14, 2011, archived from the original on June 20, 2013 ; Retrieved November 19, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Weiden - Schnaittenbach - Amberg. (PDF; 28 kB) Verkehrsgemeinschaft Amberg-Sulzbach (line 455 - VGN). (No longer available online.) In: znas.de. Zweckverband Nahverkehr Amberg-Sulzbach, August 7, 2012, archived from the original on June 20, 2013 ; Retrieved November 19, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Schnaittenbach - Sulzbach − Rosenberg. (PDF; 17 kB) Verkehrsgemeinschaft Amberg-Sulzbach (line 463 - VGN). (No longer available online.) In: znas.de. Zweckverband Nahverkehr Amberg-Sulzbach, November 22, 2011, archived from the original on June 20, 2013 ; Retrieved November 19, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Local line traffic in Hirschau. (PDF; 14 kB) Verkehrsgemeinschaft Amberg-Sulzbach (line 468 - VGN). In: vas-bus.de. Verkehrsgemeinschaft Amberg-Sulzbach, November 7, 2012, accessed on February 11, 2019 .

↑ Memorable moment at www.oberpfalznetz.de

↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

[Metadaten_Einwohnerzahl_DE-BY-1] "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).

[2] Stadt Hirschau in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on August 20, 2018.