Ammerthal Castle

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Ammerthal Castle
View of Ammerthal with the castle hill

View of Ammerthal with the castle hill

Alternative name (s): Amardela
Creation time : around 800
Castle type : Höhenburg, location
Conservation status: Burgstall
Standing position : Count, Ministeriale
Place: Ammerthal- Oberammerthal
Geographical location 49 ° 26 '23.3 "  N , 11 ° 45' 31.1"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 26 '23.3 "  N , 11 ° 45' 31.1"  E
Ammerthal Castle (Bavaria)
Ammerthal Castle

The castle Ammerthal (name in the Middle Ages Amardela ) is an Outbound hilltop castle on the edge of a steep southwest Talhanges in Ammerthal in Amberg-Sulzbach in Bavaria .

history

The castle was built around 800 by the Babenbergs and destroyed in 1003 by King Heinrich II during the Schweinfurt feud with Heinrich von Schweinfurt . Heinrich von Schweinfurt submitted to the king again in 1004 and received his allodies back, and so the castle remained in the possession of the Counts of Schweinfurt . Ammerthal Castle was rebuilt; of Heinrich's son, Otto , it was said in the Chancellor rhyme chronicle that he had his seat in Ammerthal. He died without a male heir and so his daughter Gisela received from the rich inheritance of her father Ammerthal, which she then brought to the Counts of Dießen and Andechs through her marriage to Arnold von Dießen . Her son Friedrich, named in 1112, donated several estates in the Ammerthal to the Kastl monastery. Part of Ammerthal came to Gebhart II von Sulzbach by inheritance and then passed through his heir Sophie to the Counts of Hirschberg through marriage to Gerhard I von Hirschberg . The last Hirschberger bequeathed Ammerthal to the Bavarian dukes Ludwig and Rudolf . King Albrecht issued a fiefdom letter for both of them in 1307, in which u. a. Ammerthal ( Amertal castra ) is also explicitly mentioned.

Ammerthal seems to have been lent to the local noble family of Ammerthal around 1200. In 1227 an Alhoh, Schenk zu Ammerthal, is named as a witness. He seems to have been a ministerial of the Counts von Hirschberg. This older family of Ammerthalers died out with his son, because in 1293 Gerhard VII von Hirschberg was able to lend the castle again; Heinrich Truchseß von Ammerthal (1308), then Wolfhart von Ammerthal (1329) and Hermann von Ammerthal, who died in 1373 without a male heir, appear in Ammerthal. In 1401, Count Palatine Ludwig awarded the "New Ammerthal House at Our Women's Church, which the Blessed Ammerthaler owned" again. The name "New Ammerthal" allows the conclusion that the castle that was rebuilt at the Frauenkirche was younger than Spitz Castle , which was built in the 12th century and was also called Altammerthal. The main part of Oberammerthal now fell to the sons-in-law of Hermann von Ammerthal, of whom Erhard Eschenbeck compared himself with his brothers-in-law.

In 1582 the last Eschenbeck died, and the part of the Electoral Palatinate of Ammerthal fell back and was given to the Hirschau nurse Hans von Schlammersdorf . He sold his property to Wolf Haller von Raitenbuch, who in 1587 also acquired other farms in Ammerthal from the Eschenbek inheritance and thus united all of Ammerthal in one hand. He had the fallen castle demolished and built the new Hofmarkschloss Ammerthal in 1590 . His son Kaspar died again without a male heir and so Ammerthal came to Hans Christoph Kronacher, who married one of Haller's daughters and bought the other's shares. After his death in 1656, his son Hans Siegmund sold the old Altammerthal Castle to the mayor Johann Miller, so that two court brands were created again.

In 1739 the whole of Ammerthal came to the government councilor Marquard Wilhelm von Merz, then to his daughter Christina Sabina, then around 1750 to councilor Franz Balthasar von Griesenbeck and in 1754 to his heir.

Construction

The castle complex, of which no remains have been preserved, comprised the entire village of Oberammerthal, it had an interior area of ​​around 2.2 hectares, a main castle of around 2000 square meters and a bailey of around 1.9 hectares.

Excavations have shown that parts of the walls of the former castle chapel were used for the construction of the Liebfrauenkirche.

literature

  • Silvia Condreanu-Windauer, Uta Kirpal, Gabriele Raßhofer (eds.): Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany, Volume 44: Amberg and the land an Naab and Vils . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1877-3 , pp. 80-83.
  • Stefan Helml: Castles and palaces in the Amberg-Sulzbach district . Druckhaus Oberpfalz, Amberg 1991, pp. 34-36.
  • Sixtus Lampl: Upper Palatinate (=  monuments in Bavaria - ensembles, architectural monuments, archaeological site monuments . Volume III ). Oldenbourg, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-486-52394-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Wächter, Günter Moser: In the footsteps of knights and nobles in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach. Druckhaus Oberpfalz, Amberg 1992, pp. 17-18.
  2. ^ Georg Leingärtner : Amberg district judge . Ed .: Commission for Bavarian State History (=  Historical Atlas of Bavaria . Old Bavaria, Issue 24). Munich 1971, ISBN 3-7696-9800-2 , p. 90 , above ( = 2 digitized version [accessed on August 4, 2020]).
  3. ^ Georg Leingärtner : Amberg district judge . Ed .: Commission for Bavarian State History (=  Historical Atlas of Bavaria . Old Bavaria, Issue 24). Munich 1971, ISBN 3-7696-9800-2 , p. 79 , above ( = 2 digitized version [accessed on August 4, 2020]).
  4. ↑ Entry on Ammerthal Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen". |
  5. ↑ Ammerthal Castle at burgen-und-schloesser.net