Dagestein Castle

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Dagestein Castle
VilseckBurgDagestein 22.JPG
Creation time : probably 11./12. century
Castle type : Location
Conservation status: Receive
Standing position : Nobles, clericals
Construction: Small cuboid, humpback cuboid, stone
Place: Vilseck
Geographical location 49 ° 36 '49 "  N , 11 ° 48' 32"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 36 '49 "  N , 11 ° 48' 32"  E
Height: 450  m above sea level NN
Dagestein Castle (Bavaria)
Dagestein Castle

The castle Dagestein is a castle in the town of Vilseck , castle 6-8, in the Bavarian Amberg-Sulzbach . It is one of the early castles in the Upper Palatinate .

history

The beginnings of the castle, which can be recorded for the first time at the end of the 12th century , are unclear. Archaeological investigations inside the castle have so far not produced any concrete indications that the castle was founded in the early Middle Ages .

Vilseck was first mentioned in 1185 as part of the properties of the Bamberg bishopric . In 1205 a Dagestein Megelaus was named in a document, and after the Dagestein family died out, the lords of the castle named themselves after the up-and-coming town of Vilseck. The castle was expanded into a moated castle in the 15th century . During the feud between Götz von Berlichingen (knight with the iron hand ) and the Bamberg bishop it was plundered and pillaged in 1512, but then rebuilt. In 1552, the complex, now mainly used as a granary and prison, was conquered by Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades of Bayreuth . Extensive new buildings took place around 1730, and parts of the castle were sold to Vilseck citizens in the course of secularization in 1802. In the years 1796/97 the robber captain Franz Troglauer was imprisoned in the castle for a few months. Today it is owned by the city, from 1999 to 2002 extensive renovations took place on the keep .

description

The castle complex is a medieval complex grouped around the inner courtyard with a circular wall , gate , tithe barn (granary), kennel and five-storey Romanesque keep. The oldest structural remains that have been preserved above ground are parts of the curtain wall, which date back to the 11th / 12th centuries. Century. The lower floors of the keep of Dagestein Castle were built around 1200, this sandstone masonry consists of humpback blocks . Its entrance is several meters high ( high entrance ).

The castle chapel of St. George used to be on the second floor of the keep . The two basement floors are now only accessible through a barn built in 1730. The ground floor is an almost square, windowless room with 2 m thick outer walls. The walls are made of smooth ashlars of Seugast sandstone , many of which bear stonemason's marks (five of the eight stonemason's marks can also be found in the east crypt of Bamberg Cathedral, which was built between 1210 and 1220 ). The room is spanned by a ribbed vault with a top height of 5 m. The vault caps are not plastered, the ribs rest on corner pillars with abutments ( fighters ) made of plate and throat. To the north and south, the room opened into two deep, now walled-up belt arches . On the east side is a round arch niche, the edge of which has a profile made up of two bars and a valley. Access to the first floor is through a Romanesque portal with a smooth tympanum . On the east side, the wall consists of hewn sandstone blocks up to a height of 3 m, the rest of the masonry is made of layered limestone. There is also an opening with warriors made of plate and throat, which was later walled up. The lower layer of stone projects as a wall plinth by 30 cm on all sides of the room. A niche on the east wall is seen as a seating niche for a gatekeeper. As the search slot on the left edge of the south-facing wall shows, the gate opening to the south was in a wall fold. This gate was built at the beginning of the 13th century. The complex itself is interpreted as a gate hall with a sacred upper floor; The attached chapel gives the complex an apotropaic function . In the 14th century, the gate to a donjon was increased, which is easy to read from the different masonry: The lower Romanesque part is faced with humpback blocks, the late Gothic elevation is made of rubble stones with corner blocks. A change of use is likely to have begun with the walling of Vilseck begun in 1332, at that time an access was created from the site and the gate openings were walled up except for the door with the shoulder lintel on the courtyard side. The space gained in this way is said to have served as a prison until the 18th century.

In terms of security, the castle was protected in the east and south-west by the Zwinger and in the east and west by a moat that is now filled in .

literature

  • Stefan Helml: Castles and palaces in the Amberg district . Druckhaus Oberpfalz, Sulzbach-Rosenberg 1991, pp. 228-232.
  • Ursula Pfistermeister : Castles of the Upper Palatinate . Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1974, ISBN 3-7917-0394-3 , p. 97.
  • Günter Moser, Bernhard Setzwein, Mathias Conrad: Upper Palatinate Castles - A journey to the witnesses of the past . Buch and Kustverlg Oberpfalz, Amberg 2004, ISBN 3-935719-25-6 , pp. 114–115.
  • Karl Wächter, Günter Moser: In the footsteps of knights and nobles in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach . Buch- und Kunstverlag Oberpfalz, Amberg 1992, ISBN 3-924350-26-4 , pp. 70-72.

Web links

Commons : Burg Dagestein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mathias Conrad: Romanesque castle gate in Vilseck. In: amberg information , November 1997, pp. 33-37.