Hammer lock Hirschbach

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Hammer lock, garden side

The Hammerschloss Hirschbach is a listed building in the Hirschbach district of the Upper Palatinate municipality of Hirschbach (Upper Palatinate) in the Amberg-Sulzbach district of Bavaria (Hammerhof 1).

history

Hammerschloss Hirschbach, early 17th century

In Hirschbach there were originally two hammers, the lower and the upper hammer. The names Hammerleite, Hammerschloss and the group of houses Hammer at the church of Hirschbach remind of this. The lower plant belonged to the Sulzbach citizen Hans Fan in 1414. Connradt Sunttleutner joined the Upper Palatinate hammer cleaning association in 1387 with the Upper Hammer . In the 15th century the Upper Hammer came to the trades Erasmus Sauerzapf. He sold it to his relative Jacob Sauerzapf. In 1458 Sauerzapff had obtained papal approval to have masses read in the castle chapel he had built because the walk to the parish church in Eschenbach was too far for him. In a document from 1673 it says: “With the permission document of June 18, 1460 from Pope Pius II, the citizen of Sulzbach, Jakob Sauerzapf, is allowed to build a chapel in Hirschbach, in which a capable priest would like to read mass, because he could not visit the parish church in Eschenbach because of the long distance and the danger of the murderers, but that such favors should not deprive the parish church of anything. ”The chapel was consecrated on June 18, 1460; but it was only allowed to be visited by the hammer gentleman and his servants, while the other residents of Hirschbach still had to go to the Sunday mass in Eschenbach.

During the First Margrave War , the hammer mill was devastated by soldiers from Nuremberg on June 23, 1450. Despite the damage suffered, Jacob Sauerzapf persevered and in 1460 was even granted lower jurisdiction over the subjects of the Hammergut Oberhirschbach. In 1472 Jacob Sauerzapf bequeathed the Hammer Hirschbach to his son Erasmus Sauerzapf. He sold the hut with all affiliations in 1492 to the Nuremberg citizens Sebold B (P) eringsdorffer and his son-in-law Jobst II. Haller . They wanted to build a copper saiger hut here; "Saigen" is a smelting process used to separate copper and silver. So they got into a lawsuit that lasted for years with the mountain town of Sulzbach, which feared excessive wood consumption and the decline of the other hammer mills. In 1499, Hirschbach was attacked and set on fire during the dispute between Christoph von Giech and Nuremberg; the Gothic hammer lock went up in flames, but was rebuilt. After Jobst Haller's death († 1505) the property passed to his son of the same name; Even after the Hauseck Castle was sold, the hammer in Oberhirschbach “with digging, Zwingern and with the hamerhütten”; In 1520 he leased the hammer mill "as it is surrounded by the wall" without the manor house to Georg Pfinzing zu Haunritz.

In the 16th century, Hirschbach and Hauseck Castle came to the Ebner von Eschenbach ; the first owner from this family was Hanns III, born in 1482. Ebner. He came to Eschenbach in 1508 through a marriage with a Harsdorf woman , in 1529 he also came into the possession of Hirschbach. In 1530 he received the monopoly in the Bohemian copper business; this meant that at times the entire copper import from Bohemia was given up to Enzendorf and Hirschbach. In 1530, Hans Ebner succeeded in obtaining an extensive wood monopoly for his hut from Emperor Charles IV , against which the City Council of Nuremberg protested violently. In 1580 the hammer masters Clement and Mathei Ebner were accused of having

"A great Holtz forever 200 days' work with their hammer Hirspach everything blasted the ground with scorching and burning so badly spoiled that the places never had anything fruitful to help ... the same over the Perg at another Holtz, the Wolfslech, also done."

- Quoted from Franz Michael Ress, 1960, p. 118.

During the Second Margrave War , mercenaries of Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades devastated Hirschbach and set the hammer house with the hammer mill on fire on May 27, 1552. As a result of the reconstruction, the building that still exists today was created around 1560 with the half-timbered structure on the upper floors, which was built on the older stone plinth. The indebted Ebners were followed in 1584 by the Meindels as owners of the manor house and the Hirschbach hammer. Georg Meindel had a paper mill built here in 1590, which was in operation until 1874. Katharina, the daughter of Meindel, married Georg Christoph Gugel from Nuremberg in 1597 . He took over the Hammergut in 1603 from his brothers-in-law Georg the Younger and Konrad Meindel, who died in 1612. Before 1624 Adam Waldstromer bought the hammer. When Poles marched through the Hirschbach Valley during the Thirty Years War in November 1635, they set fire to the village near the church, but the hammer lock and the inn were spared the fire.

In 1664/66 the hammer came to Johann Friedrich von Wimpffen on Kaufweg. However, he was taken into tower custody by the city of Nuremberg for embezzlement and died in prison in 1668. His sons Georg Abraham, Johann Christoph and Johann Carl von Wimpffen sold the Hammerherrensitz Hirschbach in 1699 to Friedrich Wilhelm Ebner von Eschenbach. This was the second time that the property came into the Ebner family. Friedrich Wilhelms died on June 3, 1711 and his sons Johann Wilhelm and Jobst Wilhelm Ebner inherited the manor. When Johann Wilhelm passed away in 1723, his inheritance fell to his brother. Jobst Wilhelm sen. passed away on July 5, 1755 and left Hirschbach to his son of the same name, who died on May 20, 1763. In 1765 Hirschbach belonged to the Hieronymus Wilhelm Ebnerischen Family Foundation. This was administered around 1800 by Johann Sigmund Haller von Hallerstein. Since the entails were legally repealed, the Hammergut Hirschbach with Artelshofen was sold to the Nuremberg entrepreneur Karl Benedikt Schwarz in 1816.

Benedikt von Schwarz, ennobled by the Bavarian King Maximilian I Joseph , brought the Hirschbach estate into his family foundation in 1823. His family sold the hammer house and the hammer mill to Georg Duschel in 1878. He had the hammer converted into a flour mill. In 1894 the Brunner family acquired the property and in the 20th century had the no longer existing excursion restaurant "Zum Hammerschloß" set up in the manor house. In 2004 the new owner Norbert Knorren Nichols began to renovate the statically very unstable hammer lock. He had it dismantled and repaired, for which he received the Monument Protection Medal of the Free State of Bavaria in 2017 .

Hammerschloss Hirschbach today

Hammer lock, entrance side

The castle is a three-storey saddle roof construction , which is designed as a half-timbered building from the first floor . Due to dendrochronological dating , the ground floor and first floor date from around 1450. The ceilings and half-timbered structures on the second floor date from 1555. In addition, there are baroque remodels from the 18th century.

On the engraving from 1700, the tower-like castle is still surrounded by a wall and a moat. Two towers at opposite corners contribute to the fortified character of the complex. The defensive walls with the two corner towers and the moat were removed or filled in in the 19th century. The church of St. Wolfgang von Hirschbach goes back to the castle chapel from 1460, which the then Hammerherr had built. This is looked after by the Protestant parish from Eschenbach. Today the castle appears as a representative building in the village of Hirschbach.

literature

  • Franz Michael Ress: Buildings, monuments and foundations of German ironworkers . Written on behalf of the Association of German Ironworkers . Verlag Stahleisen, Düsseldorf 1960, DNB  453998070 , p. 118-119 .
  • Max Piendl: Duchy of Sulzbach, District Judge Sulzbach . Ed .: Commission for Bavarian State History (=  Historical Atlas of Bavaria . Old Bavaria Series I, Issue 10). Michael Lassleben Publishing House, Munich 1957, DNB  453774466 .

Web links

Commons : Schloss Hirschbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Franz Michael Ress, 1960, p. 118.
  2. ↑ Church and tavern with a kick. ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 2013 (PDF). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / acc-amberg.de
  3. ↑ Museum Saigerhütte  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.olbernhau.de  
  4. ^ A b Robert Giersch, Andreas Schlunk, Bertold von Haller: Castles and mansions in the Nuremberg countryside - Hirschbach
  5. ↑ Chronicle of the Hirschbach Inn
  6. ^ Commission for Bavarian State History: Historical Atlas of Bavaria, Franconia Series I, Issue 4: Nürnberg-Fürth 1954, p. 208.
  7. ^ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (ed.): Monument Protection Medal 2017 . Munich June 2017, p. 32–33 ( online [PDF; accessed June 23, 2017]).

Coordinates: 49 ° 33 '24 "  N , 11 ° 32' 26.4"  E