Ermhof

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Ermhof
Coordinates: 49 ° 30 ′ 51 ″  N , 11 ° 37 ′ 12 ″  E
Height : 472  (472-)  m
Postal code : 92259
Area code : 09663
northern entrance to Ermhof
northern entrance to Ermhof

Ermhof is a small hamlet with about 20 inhabitants that belongs to Neukirchen near Sulzbach-Rosenberg in the Upper Palatinate to the north . The place is exclusively agricultural and consists of 3 to 4 (former) farms.

Landscape

Ermhof is located in the middle of the Franconian Jura in the middle of hilly mixed forests (mixed conifer and beech forest) and fields. The area is characterized by rocky-karst subsoil. The bedrock is partially exposed. There is a via ferrata in the rock called "Buchenstein" west of the village. The landscape is ideal for hiking and cycling.

history

After the introduction of Protestantism recommended by Ottheinrich , Ermhof was a branch of the Protestant parish of Etzelwang . Ermhof belonged with the lower court to the Kastl care office in the district judge's office in Sulzbach (around 1790). In 1818, Ermhof belonged to the municipality of Bachetsfeld in the Sulzbach-Rosenberg district, which was incorporated into Illschwang on July 1, 1976 . Parts of the dissolved community of Bachetsfeld, including Ermhof, came to Neukirchen near Sulzbach-Rosenberg on July 1, 1976.

St. Martin Church

According to archaeological research by the medieval archaeologist Mathias Hensch , the town was founded between 2006 and 2008 in the second half of the 8th century. The place name (first mentioned in 1306 as Erbenhoven) suggests that the place was founded before around 900 AD. It is formed with the early medieval suffix "-hofen" and the Germanic personal name "Arbo" as a defining word. The church of St. Martin existed in Ermhof until 1979, and according to the excavations it is one of the oldest churches in the Upper Palatinate. The church was probably built during the late 8th / 9th centuries. Century, perhaps after the founding of the Eichstatt diocese after 750 as a separate church on behalf of a possibly Franconian landlord on the main courtyard of an early medieval village . The historical constellation in the Lauterhofen-Sulzbach settlement chamber speaks for royal Carolingian commitment in Ermhof as well. The original building of the church was a wooden post structure, which was probably replaced by a stone hall church with a retracted apse in the 9th century. Probably in the 11th century the apse of the first stone church was demolished in favor of a rectangular choir. Further construction phases can be proven for the late Middle Ages. A number of early and high medieval graves from the late 8th / 9th centuries could be found outside the church. Archaeological research can be done from the 12th to the 12th century, including tree coffin burials and the grave of a woman tied at hand and foot, as well as numerous graves with stone setting on the grave floor. The church lost probably already during the 12./13. Century after the dissolution of the early medieval manorial rule its importance to the neighboring town of Neukirchen , for which the name also gives clues. Between 1306 and 1816, the Church of St. Martin in Ermhof was the regional center of religious life as a pilgrimage church. Remains of the church, which stood south of courtyard number 2 at the exit to Pilgramshof and which was demolished in 1979 - after a temporary use as a shed - are only available as a ground monument.

In August 2008, the donation-financed excavation was completed. The results are published.

At the location of the former church is the "Historical Information and Documentation Center St. Martin in Ermhof", inaugurated in September 2012, where the construction phases of the church were partially reconstructed, as well as the medieval history of the landscape, the rulers and the church was didactically modern and scientifically founded is processed. The information center is freely accessible, viewing is possible at any time and free of charge.

Last remains of masonry at the Burgstall Ermhof
Half-timbered inn (18th century) - back side
Excavation 2007: Section of the northern grave horizon with bones and skulls
Reconstruction / restoration of the ground monument of the Church of St. Martin - winter 2013

Burgstall Ermhof

In the immediate vicinity of the hamlet there is a small castle stables to the west on the east side of the Buchenberg . Only a neck ditch has survived from him , to which another started but not completed ditch has been presented. In addition to a wall in a robbery excavation hole, masonry is visible on the castle surface. The very small castle complex probably only consisted of one (tower-shaped?) Building.

Others

The train station in nearby Neukirchen was an important transshipment point for the dye ocher in the early 20th century , which was mined by color graves at depths of 3 to 10 meters around Ermhof. The last surviving excavations took place in the period up to around 1920 by the local Hammer family. The ocher mining in the Ermhof area was finally stopped. The trigger was the collapse of an approximately 8 meter deep shaft in the area between Ermhof and 'auf den Flatschen' after a water ingress, in which the tools had to be left behind in the shaft. At that time, excavation was carried out with the simplest means without mining equipment. The increasing mining required greater excavation depths, which could no longer be reached without risk without great effort.

economy

There were two farms in the village that operated full-time until 2009. Another (former) farm houses a private pheasant, small animal and goat rearing facility. The actual agriculture was given up here a long time ago. The surrounding forests have been increasingly used for industrial wood since autumn 2006, driven by the development of wood prices. The earlier use as firewood and construction wood for personal use had been on the decline since 1995.

Web links

Commons : Ermhof (Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Burgstall Ermhof  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Max Piendl : Duchy of Sulzbach, District Judge Office Sulzbach . Ed .: Commission for Bavarian State History (=  Historical Atlas of Bavaria . Old Bavaria Series I, Issue 10). Munich 1957, p. 64 , above ( [1] [accessed July 30, 2020]).
  2. ^ Mathias Hensch: Sankt Martin in Ermhof; archaeological research on the early church history of the western central Upper Palatinate. An overview of the excavation results from 2006 and 2007 . In: Historischer Verein Amberg-Sulzbach (Hrsg.): The Eisengau . tape 31 , 2008, p. 6-37 .