Castle mallet

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The wooden hammer castle in winter with snow.

The listed Holzhammer Castle , a former hammer lock , is located in the Holzhammer district of the same name in the Upper Palatinate town of Schnaittenbach in the Amberg-Sulzbach district of Bavaria (Schloßstraße 1).

history

In 1366, Count Palatine Rupprecht the Elder issued a so-called hammer letter , which should apply to all future owners of Holzhammer as evidence of the freedom of the estate. Here was Friedrich Kastner to Rosenberg the right to convert its located on Ehenbach Holzmühle in a hammer mill and the low court rights over his subjects. This transfer of jurisdiction rights lasted until the 16th century, when attempts were made to deny the owners. In the early days of this hammer mill, it could lead to great economic prosperity.

From 1370/75 to 1378 Holzhammer was owned by Paul Kastner , the son of the founder Friedrich . After his untimely death, the work was transferred to the master hammer from Amberg, Hermann Holder . From this, Hans II. Kastner bought wooden hammer back in 1394. He was also the founder of a foundation that his son Gregor Kastner made into the “Reiche Almosen” foundation in Amberg , and the proceeds of the foundation were used for several centuries to feed 54 poor citizens. This Gregor Kastner was also able to acquire the Eisenhammer Shell Hops (Stellhofen) and the Hammer Unterschnaittenbach . His son Gregor Kastner was unable to operate his hammer mills and so he sold Holzhammer in 1419 to Perchtold Ödenberger von Amberg. This was followed by a quick change of ownership to Hans Per (1479–1497), Caspar Par and Hans Gebhart (around 1515), who brought the work to the Gant at the beginning of the 16th century . Andreas Kastner , married to Clara Pech , the rich daughter of a citizen of Amberg , used this situation to buy back Holzhammer. Together with some relatives of his wife, who, like himself, owned several ore mines, he founded the iron trading company Kastner and Plech , which later became famous and sold the iron that was mined wholesale. By drawing lots, the estate came to Andreas Kastner the Younger in 1547 . The Hüttkapfer (= upper smith journeyman ) Jacob Plechinger took care of the young widow Margarete and her underage children for the maintenance of the business. He has held this position again after the son Hans Ludwig by Andreas the Younger left in 1572 six minor children. Barbara , the widow of Hans Ludwig , applied for the freedom of the landlords for Holzhammer and Unterschnaitenbach in 1581. Unimpressed by their arguments, the government in Amberg rejected this request after consulting the Nabburg nursing office . Willibald Kastner (* 1546, † May 7, 1604) married Margarete Sauerzapf in 1574 . He took over the hammer Pfrentsch and received the hammer Altendreßwitz from his father-in-law . His brother Hans Ludwig (* 1541) took over Holzhammer. The marriage with Barbara Grafenauer (also called Grassenauer ) did have three sons, but they all remained unmarried.

So Holzhammer came to the daughter Anna Maria (* 1571). Without any privileges, Anna Maria Kastner took over Holzhammer after the death of her mother Barbara and her three brothers. In 1598 she married Daniel Modler from Amberg, who died again in 1615. His death and the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War brought great hardship for her and the request to Amberg to cancel her husband's debts, although bankruptcy was not imminent. At least she was able to keep operations going through the Thirty Years' War, even though she refused to convert to the Catholic faith. After her death, the daughter Barbara Modler took over the ownership succession on Holzhammer. She married Hans Wilhelm Kastner from Unterschnaittenbach and Kettnitzmühle in her first marriage and Philipp Jakob von Steinling , Leuchtenberg's master forestry and hunter, in her second marriage . He died on August 18, 1641 and she married for the third time, this time the hammer master Claudius Schorri . He signed a succession contract with his step-daughters Eva Maria and Maria Elisabeth , according to which Unterschnaittenbach should go to the husband of the former, Jakob Friedrich Kastener , and Holzhammer should come to the husband of the latter, Johann Wilhelm Münsterer von Stefling . This contract became effective with the death of Claudius Schorri († 1679).

On July 2, 1687, Maria Elisabeth reported the death of her husband to the government in Amberg. A dispute over the lower jurisdiction broke out again in 1700 and was decided to the disadvantage of the owner. Maria Elisabeth Münsterer decreed in her will of 1711 that Holzhammer should go to her son Johann Friedrich Joseph von Münsterer and that his three sisters should be compensated with a sum of money. He owned the estate until his death († 1742). In 1747 his son Rudolf Adam Ferdinand sold the Hammergut and all its affiliations to Niclas Burger , the former tenant of Hammerschloss Theuern . He, too, continued the dispute over the Landsassen uprising with the Amberg government. In 1767 his widow, Maria Elisabeth Burger sold Holzhammer to Johann Wolfgang Dirr . In 1781 Holzhammer was transferred to Johann Simon Widmann on Gantweg . He applied for the hammer to be converted into a glass loop, which was approved in 1790, but without the hammer completely stopping its iron production. In 1792 Johan Widmann handed the estate over to his son Leopold . However, he soon died and his widow married Johann Baptist von Schmid , Judge of Appeal in Amberg , in 1795 . This tried to exhaust all possibilities to come back to the lower jurisdiction. In 1807 he was finally denied this despite the privilege of 1366.

By 1800 Holzhammer was a village with 20 houses and 106 inhabitants. In 1809 the hammer produced around 300 quintals of iron a year. On July 20, 1815, Johann Baptist von Schmid handed over the hammer and economy property to his stepson Josef Widmann . On December 9, 1843 Florian Dorfner bought the Hammergut Holzhammer from Josef Widmann. At that time, the property was linked to the right of a hammer, the right to a landlord, a grinding mill, a blacksmith's shop and a brewery, the right to fish in part of the Ehenbach and in the Rohrweiherbach and the right to free pasture with cows and sheep in part of the State forest. Florian Dorfner began manufacturing pig iron as a new line of business. He was very successful in making iron and was also able to acquire the Theuern hammer in 1855 . In 1861, however, the Maxhütte built two coke-fired blast furnaces. This practically meant the end of small wood-fired blast furnaces. In 1853 Holzhammer was declared an estate. In 1863 Georg, Florian Dorfner's son, cast the last pig iron plates in a wooden hammer. This Georg Dorfner took over Holzhammer from his father on September 2, 1861. In 1893 he passed the work on to his nephew Florian.

Other owners of the castle were: 1914 Open Trading Company Johann and Ignaz Klapkek, timber wholesaler and sawmill in Hervest - Dorsten / Westphalia, 1915 Oskar Bauer, timber wholesaler in Amberg, 1919 Laura Bauer, widow and her children, 1922 Kurt and Heinrich Bernheim, 1924 Robert Karl Gordon, 1934 Hans Wolf Bauer, 1940 Helmut Landfried, factory owner, who bequeathed it to his daughter Adelheid Countess Strachwitz (née Landfried) in 1945. Today's owner is their daughter Sidonie von Beckedorff (née Countess Strachwitz).

Castle chapel St. Maria

The chapel belonged to the parish of Kemnath am Buchberg until 1964 , when it was changed to the parish of Schnaittenbach .

construction

The nave has a flat ceiling and corners sloping to the east. The retracted choir has a three-sided end, a barrel vault with stitch caps and an east tower with a pointed helmet.

Interior

The high altar from 1690 has an elaborate acanthus carving , two huge tendrils enclose a modern image of the Virgin. The original and two pedestal figures have been stolen. In the altar extract there is a heart with a halo. The pulpit with four winding columns as well as ornaments and tendrils also dates from the end of the 17th century. The oil painting of the crucified on it comes from the 18th century and has a carved crown.

Holzhammer Castle today

The former hammer lock consists of a two-story, seven-axle house with a hipped roof from the mid-18th century. The narrow side has four window axes. The former castle chapel of St. Maria and the single-storey farm buildings also date from the 18th century. The attached chapel has a retracted, three-sided closed choir with a lancet barrel vault and a pointed roof- helmeted east tower. The portal of the former castle, decorated with pilaster strips , is closed in the roof by a round arch in which a clock is attached. A house on the associated yard is marketed as a holiday home. The castle chapel can be visited.

The former mill of the castle estate in Ehenbachtal was demolished in the 1950s.

literature

  • Heribert Batzl: History of the city of Schnaittenbach. City of Schnaittenbach (Ed.), Schnaittenbach 1988, pp. 40 and 44.
  • Elisabeth Müller-Luckner: Nabburg (pp. 198–206). (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Altbayern booklet 50). Commission for Bavarian State History, Verlag Michael Lassleben, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-7696-9915-7 .
  • Hans Nikol: The Kastner von Amberg and the hammer wooden hammer. Die Oberpfalz , 1976, Volume 64, pp. 246-249 and 1977, Volume 65, pp. 264-269.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hüttkapfer . In: Former Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 6 , issue 2 (edited by Hans Blesken, Siegfried Reicke ). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1962 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).

Coordinates: 49 ° 32 '49.7 "  N , 12 ° 3' 33.6"  E