Saurzapf (noble family)

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Saurzapf's coat of arms in Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms book, 1605
Coat of arms of those Saurzapf

The Saurzapf were one in Nordgau based Bavarian iron trades - and noble family which a number of over the centuries hammer mills and Hofmarken possessed. Their possessions were u. a. in Viehhausen , Eichhofen , Loch , Undorf , Schönhofen , Hammer Theuern , Hammer Rohrbach and Haugenried .

history

The oldest known member of this family is a Conrad Saurzapf († 1316). Apparently, his family immigrated to Nuremberg in the 13th century , because in a Nuremberg sales deed dated October 22, 1291, Chunrat der Sawrzaphe sold inheritance rights to the Klarakloster in Nuremberg . Until the beginning of the 16th century, members of this family were repeatedly mentioned in Nuremberg; the last Nuremberg Sauerzapf is a Jörg Sauerzapf, who as Nuremberg "servant" was mainly entrusted with the task of collecting overdue loans that were extended to Duke Sigismund der Münzreich and Emperor Maximilian , as mentioned several times in 1486. In 1503 he worked as a recruiting officer in Hersbruck , in the same year he was employed by the city of Nuremberg as administrator of Hiltpoltstein Castle , and in 1506 he became the keeper of Hohenstein .

Another branch of the family was the Sauerzapf zu Nabburg . The oldest Sauerzapfe documented here is Conrad II. (* Around 1280, † May 13, 1354 in Nabburg), who is first mentioned in a document from 1346, in 1349 he appears as Mr. Conrad the Sauerzapfe as a seal witness. He was married to a born Rütz and the marriage produced three sons (Friedrich, Rüdiger and Ulrich). It is said of Ulrich that in Regensburg, as the rich Fronpot , he had lame Ulrich the Schmotzler and was therefore taken prisoner by the citizens; after swearing primal feud, he was released from prison. Rüdiger is a member of the Nabburg council and for a long time the carpentry master of the churches in Nabburg. Between 1420 and 1427 a Barbara Sauerzapf is called abbess of the Pielenhofen monastery , probably a granddaughter of Conrad II. Sauerzapf. The descendants of Friedrich Sauerzapf (* between 1315 and 1315, † before 1373) have been successful iron industrialists in the Upper Palatinate for over six generations. Friedrich himself was a wealthy land and house owner. One of his children is Paul I (* 1373, † September 29, 1423), who intensified the iron and ore trade with Nuremberg, was a member of the inner council of Nabburg and a master craftsman in various churches. He built u. a. turned his estate in Höflarn into a castle hat against the Hussites . For this he had to guarantee this to the Bavarian duke as an open house, but in doing so laid the basis for the Höflarn estate. Paul I was married twice: first with Anna Heureiss († 1405) from Sulzbach, then with Margarete von Gronau (Grünau), whose father Bertold von Gronau was a carer in Abensberg. The eldest son Lienhard (* around 1400), who mainly concentrated on the management of the Höflarn estate, inherited most of his property. However, in the following (also under his son Paul), the main talk was of selling goods, so an economic decline set in.

At the beginning of the 15th century, the Sauerzapf are also based in Amberg . Why should the Hammer agreement have been of January 7, 1387, stating that no mining driving member of the agreement may sell ore to "Ausleute". The first local Sauerzapf was a Dietrich (* between 1360 and 1365, † 1441), who was on the city council and in 1400 also mayor of Nabburg. He owns ore mines, trades in iron, but also in other goods. One of his sons, Jorig or Georg Sauerzapf († 1441), received the citizenship of Amberg on June 22, 1436. He probably married Hammer Röthenbach in 1439/1440 .

Erasmus Sauerzapf (* around 1380, † 1448 or 1449) is the first of this family to live in Sulzbach from 1410 . He is the owner of the Hammer Hirschberg , had acquired ore mines in Sulzbach and has mining rights for tin in Tröstau near Wunsiedel. He also acquired the hammer Rothenbruck and in 1427 the hammer Rosenberg . His brother Georg († 1437), who also moved to Sulzbach in 1414, became the owner of the Schwarzenfeld hammer in 1430 . Jacob I. Sauerzapf (* around 1405, † May 17, 1478), son of Paul Sauerzapf and his wife Margarete von Gronau, took over the iron business from his father, first settled in Nuremberg and after marrying Helene Holzschuher went to Sulzbach and also acquired citizenship here. He took over Hammer Rosenberg and Hammer Hirschbach from Erasmus Sauerzapf. Here he set up a tin hammer next to the rail hammer he had taken over . Around 1465 the hammer Fronberg came into his possession, he also owned shares in the hammers Neuhaus and Haunritz . In Sulzbach he was a member of the Inner Council and became first mayor in 1465; at that time he was considered the richest citizen of the city. Jacob I. was first married to Helene Holzschuher († 1464) and second to Kunigunde Talkner von Sessenrieth, widowed Zinhel; seven different lines of Sauerzapfs go back to him.

The eldest son of Jacob I was Erasmus II (* 1439, † 1504) , who first lived in Nuremberg . In 1472 the Hammer Hirschbach was handed over to him by his father. In 1477 he moved to Sulzbach, immediately joined the city council and also became mayor. He sold the hammer to Hirschbach in 1491 to Sebald Bergensdorffer from Nuremberg, since Erasmus was enemies with some Sulzbach iron people and no longer received ore deliveries. Erasmus became princely councilor and rentmaster in the Nordgau. His first marriage was Margarethe, daughter of Johann Löneysen zu Zessau and Weihersberg , after whose death he married Magdalena Kellner from a respected Sulzbach bourgeois family. From this marriage there were six children. His eldest son Jacob (* 1473, † April 8, 1537) continued his father's business. He was also a member of the town council of Sulzbach and was mayor for a long time until his death. He was married to Elisabeth Zeller († 1536), who gave him 13 children.

A brother of Jacob was again an Erasmus Sauerzapf (* around 1485, † June 19, 1553). He married Anna Löneysen († 1571), daughter of Sigmund Löneysen zu Weihersberg, joined the council in 1536 and became mayor in 1537. The marriage resulted in 14 children. From these Saurzapff on Burggrub , Jakob, Georg, Pangratius and Bartholme received a confirmation of nobility from Emperor Ferdinand on September 5, 1555 (on July 1, 1823, the Sauerzapf were still registered in the baron class of Bavaria). Of these, Jakob Saurzapf is a Fuggerian servant who was accepted by Emperor Ferdinand as a servant of the House of Austria; his nobility was confirmed by Emperor Maximilian II on February 26, 1566 in Augsburg.

Wolfgang I. Sauerzapf (* 1489, † January 10, 1561) was a hammer master in Lauf near Hohenfels . He acquired the hammer Theuern in 1513 from Dorothea Portner, the hammer Lauf bei Kallmünz in 1514 from Georg Alkover. He was married to Beatrix von Baumgarten (* 1487, † March 7, 1561). His son Wolfgang II (* 1515, † 1570) was married to Anna Pötschner († 1562). In 1536 he bought the hammer Schönhofen, which had come to the Gant. He acquired the hammer Rohrbach in 1545. After four generations there ended with the unmarried Carl Ferdinand (* April 21, 1687, † May 1, 1762) the line of Sauerzapf in Rohrbach.

Of his sons, Heinrich Saurzapf (* 1523, † 1556, after Christoph Vogel but 1559) married Magdalena von Rammelstein in 1550 . Her father was Ruprecht von Rammelstein, the owner of Loch and Eichhofen. Both court brands came to the Saurzapf by marriage. His wife died after only nine months and in 1568 he remarried a Magdalena from the Portner family, a Regensburg patrician and Upper Palatinate hammer family. Heinrich Saurzapf also bought Hofmark Schönhofen from his brother-in-law Sebastian Ramelsteiner in 1555.

Leonhard Sauerzapf was born in 1520 as the fourth son of Wolfgang I († 1600). After studying, he became a judge in Weltenburg and then provost judge in Geisenfeld and Sandbach . From 1574 to 1582 he was Kastner zu Kelheim . With effect from June 1, 1582, he was electoral rent master in Straubing . He held this position until July 1596. Despite his old age, he became a nurse in Donaustauf in 1596 . In 1543 he married Catharina von Puchhausen , daughter of Egidius von Puchhausen zu Herblfing and his wife Anna Burznerin von Öxing. Their daughter Anna Catharina was born around 1545 († 1605). In 1564 she married Johann Jakob Rosenbusch zu Notzing († 1597), at that time the caretaker of Haidau. Catharina died on May 12, 1594 in Straubing and was buried in the local St. Jakobskirche . Her daughter of the same name Anna Katharina († 1605) married Georg David von Lerchenfeld. Catharina von Puchausen († 1594) was married to the Princely Council of Reisach for the first time. Through this connection Leonhard Sauerzapf was able to acquire Oberviehhausen in 1555 . In 1565 the Hofmark Niederviehhausen came into his possession. His brother Heinrich Sauerzapf von Schönhofen supported him in this purchase; But there was a dispute with the previous owner Steuerer, who shot Heinrich in Regensburg. 1581 Leonhard Sauerzapf acquired the verganteten estate of the hammer master Ambrosius Raigner, d. H. Gut and Schloss Eichhofen including the hammer there. In 1592 he also bought Schierling Castle, which had come to the Gant .

In 1625 at the latest, his descendant Veit Philipp von Sauerzapf (* 1598, † November 23, 1675), son of Wolf Heinrich II. († 1624), moved his residence from Castle Loch to the neighboring Schönhofen , as Castle Loch was too uncomfortable for him Living was. The castle buildings had been empty since that time and they began to deteriorate. Veit Philipp married Anna Dorothea von Bertolzhofen zu Tradendorf († 1632) in 1623 . In the year she died, another five children died of the plague, three children remained alive. In 1633 he married Maria Cathrina von Labrique zu Lanly and Kollersreith (* 1616, † May 17, 1687), with whom he had 14 children. She is buried in Mariaort . Veit Philipp was in the Bavarian military service. He was u. a. in the conquest of Heidelberg and in the battle of the White Mountain , where he lost a brother as captain. After that he was in the Palatinate-Neuburg civil service for a long time , because he was eleven years nurse at Regenstauf , thirteen years nurse at Beratzhausen , five years district judge in Burglengenfeld and one year administrator at Laaber . He died at the age of 76 on November 16, 1675 and is buried in Mariaort.

Wolfgang Heinrich Saurzapf the Younger († June 16, 1624) was 1601 Landsasse zu Schönhofen and 1610 at the same time to Loch. He was councilor and caretaker in Regenstauf (1619-1624). His wife was his cousin Martha Sauerzapf (parents Bartholome Sauerzapf and Martha von Lorbeer). From this marriage 16 children are said to have sprung. On December 4, 1610, this Saurzapf struck the miller Hans Strützl, who came to him for a settlement, with a "knöbel skewer" that he died an hour later. Wolfgang Heinrich was Protestant until 1615, but then converted to the Catholic faith and energetically carried out the re-Catholicization in Regenstauf with the Jesuit priest Michael Sybold .

Hans Leonhard Saurzapf von Schönhofen and Loch was the keeper of Allersperg (1608–1616) and Regenstauf (1623–1629), and at the same time a captain (1610–1623). He was a soldier and died as a French colonel in 1645 in the battle of Alerheim im Ries. Hans Leonhard had received the Hofmark Loch when an inheritance was divided; in 1602 he ceded it to his brother Wolfgang Heinrich II.

Johann Walther Saurzapf auf Schönhofen (* 1636, father was Veit Philipp) died on February 26, 1702 and is buried in the church in Nittendorf. He was married to Sara von Leonprechting von Döltsch, widowed Zollner von Brandt. The latter died in Schönhofen in 1706 and is buried in Mariaort. Brother Georg Christoph von Sauerzapf (* 1645) inherited the Loch and Undorf court brands, and had a small castle built here. He died as a bachelor on May 12, 1714 and is buried in the church of Nittendorf. He decided that Hofmarken Undorf and Loch should go to the Prüll Monastery . Wolfgang von Sauerzapf (also a son of Veit Philipp and Katharina von Labrique) made his fortune and became a monk in the Prüll monastery.

In 1553 Hans Sauerzapf the Elder acquired J. took over the dilapidated Hammerwerk Altentreswitz and rebuilt it. He was married to Agnes Pfinzing von Haunitz († 1602), with whom he had five children. His brother Veit Friedrich, lieutenant in the Grünsfeld regiment, acquired the Burggrub estate in 1629. He fell in Friuli in 1639 and his property passed to Veit Hans and his brother Hans Ludwig (* 1595, † 1668). In 1622 he acquired the Pillmersried estate near Rötz from Jobst Sigmund von Satzenhofen . He was married to Anna Elisabeth Stenzing von Eichelberg, with whom he had eight children. After the death of his first wife, he married Anna Magdalena Rütschel von Hartenbach, who gave him the longed-for family owner Erdmann Christoph as a present in 1664. Hans Ludwig is to be regarded as the founder of the Sauerzapf line on Burggrub. The last of the Sauerzapfs on Burggrub was Alexander Franz Carl Friedrich (born October 22, 1795). In 1811 he joined the 5th Butler Light Infantry Battalion as a volunteer. In 1812 he took part in Napoleon's campaign against Russia. On January 13, 1861, Alexander Freiherr von Sauerzapf died at a carnival ball in Erbendorf . He was the owner of the Burggrub estate , royal Bavarian treasurer and major à la suite. He was the last of the significant lineage of the mountain and hammer lords of the Saurzapf on Burggrub.

coat of arms

Saurzapf-Stettner
alliance coat of arms

The coat of arms of the Saurzapf shows two inclined, overturned silver lances or cones on a blue background, which unite at the top at the bottom. On the helmet is an open flight , which is covered with a lance (cone). The older coat of arms is crowned by a stech helmet , the newer one contains a piston tournament helmet .

The name Sauerzapf refers to a family that had something to do with viticulture, serving or trading; with the cones in the coat of arms, which were later interpreted as lances, wine barrels were tapped or around wine siphons. Erasmus Sauerzapf achieved a change in the family coat of arms around 1500 by attaching hooks to the two cones, which are considered to be an indication of the profession of wine tavern, and now got the appearance of Zainhaken, a tool used by the hammer lords.

literature

  • Hans Nikol: The Lords of Sauerzapf, the story of a family of hammer lords in the Upper Palatinate. In: Negotiations of the Historical Association of Lower Bavaria. Year ?, pp. 127–214.
  • Rudolf Ottlinger: Sinzing from the beginning to the present. Municipality of Sinzing 2005, pp. 214–216.
  • Johann Nepomuk Anton von Reisach: Historical-topographical description of the Duchy of Neuburg . Monday, Regensburg 1780, p. 157.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Otto Titan von Hefner, Gustav Adelbert Seyler: The coat of arms of the Bavarian nobility. Repro. J. Siebmacher's large book of arms. II. Volume. Nuremberg 1856 Volume 22, Bauer & Raspe, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1971, ISBN 3-87947-022-7 , p. 55.