Wooden shoes from Harrlach

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Family coat of arms of the Holzschuher

The Holzschuher von Harrlach (also: Holzschuher zu Harrlach and Thalheim-Aschbach ) are one of the oldest verifiable patrician families of the imperial city of Nuremberg , first mentioned in 1228 with Heinricus Holzschuher .

The clogs were represented in the "Inner Council" from 1319, with short interruptions, until the end of the imperial city period in 1806 and, according to the " dance statute " of the Nuremberg patriciate, belonged to the twenty old generations eligible for advice. Some of them were mayors. The Holzschuher trading house was one of the most important companies in the imperial city in the late Middle Ages and early modern times .

history

Albrecht Dürer , Portrait of Hieronymus Holzschuher (1526), ​​Gemäldegalerie Berlin

The clogs probably come from the ministry in the vicinity of Nuremberg. According to the Nuremberg genealogy of Johann Gottfried Biedermann (published from 1745), a Lorenz I. Holzschuher (* around 1080 in Nuremberg or the surrounding area; † 1130 Nuremberg) is said to have been the progenitor of the family; He was buried in St. Sebald (Nuremberg) in 1130 and lived in Nuremberg Castle because the city was desolate and desolate at the time. He is said to have been the progenitor of the four Nuremberg Holzschuher lines. However, this source is often considered to be incorrect and unassigned. The first documented family member was Heinrich Holzschuher (1228).

From an early age the family had a trading company that traded in Flemish cloth and was involved in monetary transactions. The “ Handlungsbuch der Holzschuher” for the years 1304 to 1307, the oldest completely preserved merchant's book in the German-speaking area, is famous . It is the company's debt ledger in Latin and was kept by four shareholders from the same family, including a wife.

The clogs and their companies appeared from the 14th to the 16th century in the entire trading area visited by Nuremberg companies. In 1350 the Holzschuher expanded their trade in spices, became more and more involved in the trade in goods from Eastern Europe (hides, leather, furs, hides, wax) and around 1485 in the copper business (brass works in the Thuringian ice field ). The clogs spread from Franconia to Bavaria, Württemberg and Austria, to Livonia and Silesia as well as to East India and North America. From the middle of the 16th to the beginning of the 17th century, they had hammers and smelters in the Nuremberg region as well as mining holdings in Bohemia, Carinthia, and Styria and were among the most important mining entrepreneurs of their time. Many clogs traveled to Palestine and Egypt as early as the end of the Middle Ages or took part in military campaigns as knights of the Teutonic Order , thereby increasing their wealth. Participants in the Margrave Wars and - under Wallenstein - in the Thirty Years' War are also documented.

Lazarus Holzschuher (1487–1523) wrote since 1506 a family book illustrated by Hans von Kulmbach including a “Description of the honorable people living in Nuremberg in 1511”; the councilor Veit Holzschuher (1510–80) had a gender and coat of arms book created by an unknown artist in 1563–65. The Holzschuher was the only family in the time of the imperial city to have a family history printed, namely the “Historia genealogica Holzschuherorum” from 1755, with a document by J. Ch. Gatterer (see below: Literature).

Holzschuherkapelle from 1515 at the Nuremberg Johannisfriedhof

Through their possessions in Neuenbürg, Aspach (also: Asbachhof) and Vestenbergsgreuth (district of Erlangen-Höchstadt) they belonged to the Franconian Imperial Knighthood . In their manors, such as Neuenbürg , they successfully fended off the Counter-Reformation emanating from the Bamberg Monastery .

In 1815, the Holzschuher, together with the other Nuremberg patricians , were included as nobles in the Bavarian aristocratic registers and in 1819 they were elevated to the status of baron . The full name of the still existing family, "Freiherren Holzschuher von Harrlach", is derived from the Harrlach estate , a small town near Allersberg (owned by the family until 1874), which was acquired in 1727 .

The wooden shoe chapel at the Nuremberg Johannisfriedhof was built around 1515 by the city architect Hans Beheim the Elder , on the site of a church dedicated to St. Stephen's plague chapel from 1395 and was the family burial place for centuries. In the Nuremberg district of Sündersbühl , a street is named after the wooden shoes.

In 2002, after the sale of Artelshofen Castle , the head of the family, Wolf von Holzschuher, handed over the valuable family archive to the Nuremberg City Archives on permanent loan. The name of the Holzschuher is also associated with a famous painting by Albrecht Dürer , which shows the merchant Hieronymus Holzschuher (1469–1529), as well as with the Lamentation of Christ ("Holzschuher-Lamentation") commissioned by Dürer around 1499 . Numerous other works also bear witness to the family's earlier wealth and artistic sense.

Former possessions (extract)

The former Holzschuher Castle in Almoshof near Nuremberg
Almoshof Palace (1728), "belonging to gentlemen clogs"
Neunhof Castle near Nuremberg

The eponymous seat of the Holzschuher was the estate with Harrlach Castle near Allersberg, acquired in 1727 and sold in 1874 , which was demolished in 1929 by Count Faber-Castell.

The clogs owned were:

Known family members

  • Hieronymus Holzschuher (1469–1529), merchant, mayor

  • Lazarus Holzschuher (1487–1523), author of the family book

  • Berthold Holzschuher (1511–1582), finance politician, inventor

  • Sigmund Gabriel Holzschuher (1575–1643), councilor and mayor

  • Veit Georg Holzschuher (1606–1665), councilor and city governor

  • Veit Engelhard Holzschuher von Neuenbürg (1581–1656), bailiff of the Sebaldi forest office

  • Georg Holzschuher von Neuenbürg (1629–1679), Septemvir

  • Veit Hieronymus Holzschuher (1708), curator of the Landauer Twelve Brothers Foundation

  • Burckhard Sigmund Holtzschuher (1737), carer

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a left-swept, red-lined and silver-decorated black wooden shoe in gold. On the helmet with red and gold blankets, a red-clad moor's trunk with a silver collar and buttons, covered with a gold-tipped red pointed hat. The Moor could symbolize St. Maurus , who was among other things the patron saint of tailors and cloth merchants in the Middle Ages.

Coat history: Wolf Holzschuher was in 1503 by King Emanuel of Portugal to the Knight of the Order of Christ beaten and added religious character the arms added. The increase in the coat of arms was confirmed in 1547 by Emperor Charles V for the entire family.

Works of art in the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg

  • Albrecht Dürer : "The Lamentation of Christ" ("Holzschuher Lamentation")

  • Clogs Cup (from 1535)

  • "The lion hunt of Wolfgang Holzschuher" (1640)

Dürer's "Lamentation of Christ" was commissioned by Hieronymus Holzschuher around 1499 , although it is unclear whether it was originally intended for the Sebalduskirche , in which it later hung, or for the Holzschuher'sche chapel on the Johanniskirchhof or for the Barefoot Church . After 1580 it came to the Sebaldus Church, where a copy, possibly by Georg Gärtner the Elder, has been available since the original was sold to the Peller family in 1620. J. (1577–1654), on which, in contrast to the original, the coats of arms are painted with Holzschuher's coats of arms.

Altars

  • The high altar in the Johanniskirche on the Johannisfriedhof is a donation from Fritz Holzschuher († 1511) and his wife Elisabeth Kreß von Kressenstein († 1519) around 1511-16. The predella depicts the couple with a number of children and their coats of arms. The altar comes from the style of Veit Stoss , the paintings 1511/1512 by Wolf Traut .

  • Altar in the Johanniskirche

See also

literature

  • Johann Christoph Gatterer : Historia Genealogica Dominorum Holzschuherorum Ab Aspach Et Harlach In Thalheim Cet. Patriciae Gentis Tum Apud Norimbergenses Tum In Exteris Etiam Regionibus Toga Sagoque Illustris Ex Incorruptis Rerum Gestarum Monimentis Conquisita. - Nuremberg 1755
  • Walter Gebhardt: patrician passions: Christoph Sigmund Holzschuher and his “deduction library of Germany”. In: Mitteilungen des Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg 91 (2004), pp. 195–210.
  • Christoph von Imhoff (Hrsg.): Famous Nuremberg from nine centuries . Nuremberg: Hofmann, 1984, 425 pages, ISBN 3-87191-088-0 ; 2., erg. U. exp. Edition, 1989, 459 p .; New edition: Edelmann GmbH Buchhandlung, October 2000
  • Werner Schultheiß:  Holzschuher, from. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 579 ( digitized version ).
  • Michael Diefenbacher : Harrlach clogs, patrician family . In: Michael Diefenbacher, Rudolf Endres (Hrsg.): Stadtlexikon Nürnberg . 2nd, improved edition. W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-921590-69-8 ( online ).
  • Genealogical handbook of the nobility , Adelslexikon Volume V, Volume 84 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1984, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses for the year 1859 . Ninth year, p.325f clogs by Harrlach
  • The handbook of clogs in Nuremberg from 1304-1307 , ed. by Anton Chroust and Hans Proesler, Erlangen, Palm & Enke., 1934, 162 pages (with tables)

Web links

Commons : Holzschuher von Harrlach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Original in the Bavarian main state archive in Munich
  2. ^ Schieber, M. Nürnberg - An illustrated history of the city. Munich: Beck, 2000.
  3. ↑ Source description , handbook of the Holzschuher
  4. ↑ Bibliographic information on the Holzschuher handbook
  5. ^ Michael Diefenbacher: The archives of the patrician family Holzschuher von Harrlach in the city archive of Nuremberg . In: North Rhine-Westphalian main state archive (ed.): The archivist . No. 3 , July 2002, ISSN  0003-9500 , p. 236 ( PDF, 637 kB [accessed December 19, 2010]).
  6. ↑ The story of Horbach
  7. ^ Robert Giersch, Andreas Schlunk, Bertold von Haller - Castles and mansions in the Nuremberg countryside
  8. ^ History of Neuenbürg
  9. ↑ The story of Kairlindach
  10. ↑ History of Kleingeschaidt ( Memento of the original from July 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kleingeschaidt.de
  11. ^ Holzschuher, Ludwig von at DNB
  12. ^ Genealogical handbook of the living families of the former imperial city Nuremberg, Munich 1822, p. 66
  13. ↑ The authorship and dating of the Holzschuher Lamentation by Albrecht Dürer and its relation to the plaque with the same motif in Sankt Sebald by Thomas Eser, Anne Fritschka, Neues aus der Dürerforschung , 2009