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City of Nuremberg
Coordinates: 49 ° 24 ′ 44 ″  N , 11 ° 15 ′ 44 ″  E
Height : 385 m
Residents : 100
Incorporation : July 1, 1972
Postal code : 90475
Area code : 09128
The hamlet of Birnthon belonging to the city of Nuremberg
The hamlet of Birnthon belonging to the city of Nuremberg

The Middle Franconian hamlet of Birnthon is an exclave in the district of Nürnberger Land in the Nuremberg Reichswald , part of the city of Nuremberg with around 100 inhabitants.

location

The place is five kilometers east of the Nuremberg city limits (district Fischbach ), a little south of the Nuremberg- Altdorf road . Together with the two nearby towns of Brunn and Netzstall , it forms the statistical district 97 of the Nuremberg city area as District 970 . The Ludergraben flows through Birnthon to the west of the local development .

history

Birnthon can be traced back to a high mediaeval Zeidlerei in the Nuremberg Reichswald . It was mentioned in writing for the first time in 1309 as an economic property of a Nuremberg citizen and was initially not allowed to be expanded. It was not until 1495 that the estate was turned into an enclosed country estate and was continuously expanded in the 15th century. During the Second Margrave War , the manor was burned down in 1552 and, with several changes of ownership over two generations, remained largely a desolation until the 1610s .

Birnthon manor
Manor courtyard

Between 1609 and 1619 Eustachius Carl Holzschuher had the seat rebuilt as a four-sided courtyard with a stately main building. He came to the Hüls family through his daughter Maria Salome. The property survived the Thirty Years War unscathed, was partially renovated in the 1680s and two ponds were added. The oldest dendrochronologically verifiable components of the listed buildings also date from this time . In 1680 it came to Sigmund Pfintzing and from him in 1688 to Johann Christoph Tucher , who had the manor house renewed or largely rebuilt. In 1692 it came to the Orte , in 1755 to Maria Jakobina Ebner nee. Usefulel, widow of the second slogan Hieronymus Wilhelm Ebner von Eschenbach . In 1762 she added a single-storey summer house to the seat. In 1773 she led Gut Birnthon to a family foundation, which was administered by her sons-in-law Haller von Hallerstein and Kreß von Kressenstein . With the municipal edict (1808) the entails property in Bavaria was abolished, the foundation property was broken up by the heirs and sold in two parts in 1813/14. The former manor house has since been used as a residential building and has been sold many times; In 1990 it was renovated.

In the 1810s, the Bavarian original cadastre shows five farms for Birnthon with a common well, as well as the two ponds and a field well in the northern agricultural areas. The two ponds were filled in in the twentieth century and partly built over. A village street crosses the former courtyard and the fountain was remodeled with a garage.

Until the municipal territorial reform , Birnthon had belonged to the previously independent municipality of Fischbach, since its incorporation into the city of Nuremberg in 1972, it has been one of the three inhabited Nuremberg exclaves within the district of Nürnberger Land .

Infrastructure / sights

There is a restored manor house in Birnthon. In the center of the village, the five south-western buildings of the four-sided courtyard, which formerly consisted of ten structures, are under monument protection. Since the mid-1990s, the Turkish Dönüs therapy facility, which mainly took in drug addicts of oriental origin, had been housed in the rooms of a former inn . In August 2015, the over-indebted facility was given up. The Big Horn Ranch of the Nuremberg Western Club is also located in the village .

see also: Monuments in Birnthon

traffic

Municipal roads open up Birnthon to the district road LAU 13 , which runs immediately to the north . This connects the place to the west via Fischbach to Nuremberg and to the east to Altdorf . The PT supplied Birnthon at the LAU 13 at two bus with the bus number 59 / N59 to Nuremberg - Long water out. In the morning there is also a single trip on line 96 to the Nuremberg Meistersingerhalle , which is mainly used by school and university students.

Protected areas

Birnthon is surrounded by Bannwald and by the nature protection areas Birnthon ( LSG-00536.12 ) and Brunn-Netzstall (LSG-00536.11), which is why the urban development plan of the city does not allow any structural expansion for the district, which is still village-like.

The meager lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) around the settlement area of ​​Birnthon are part of the 43 hectare FFH area clearing islands in the Reichswald . The preservation of the open land character of the clearing islands with the nutrient-poor to moderately nutrient-rich locations and the typical vegetation is the area-related conservation goal of this European protected area. The species-rich, mostly poor grassland on sandstone keuper was classified as a nationally important habitat in the Species and Biotope Protection Program (ABSP) of Bavaria .

literature

Web links

Commons : Birnthon (Nuremberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Birnthon manor
  2. ↑ a b LfD list for Nuremberg , pages 67 and 338 (.pdf)
  3. ↑ Birnthon on historical map at Bayernatlas Klassik
  4. ↑ http://www.doenues-drogentherapie.de/ Dönüs therapy facility
  5. ↑ Press report, Dönus Birnthon closed
  6. ↑ http://www.bighorn-ranch.de/ Big Horn Ranch
  7. ↑ World Database on Protected Areas - LSG Birnthon (English)
  8. ↑ World Database on Protected Areas - LSG Brunn – Netzstall (English)
  9. ↑ 6533-371 clearing islands in the Reichswald (FFH area). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  10. ^ Wulf Riess: Species and Biotope Protection Program Bavaria (ABSP) - City of Nuremberg. Bavarian State Ministry for Regional Development and Environmental Issues, March 1996, accessed on August 27, 2017 .