Tucher from Simmelsdorf

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The coat of arms of the Tucher

The Tucher , since 1697 Tucher von Simmelsdorf (often simply referred to by Tucher or Baron von Tucher since 1815 ), were an influential patrician family of the imperial city of Nuremberg , first mentioned in 1309. The Tuchersche maintained from the 15th to the 17th century Trading company trading connections throughout Europe. Along with the Fuggers and Welsers , the Tucher are among the most famous merchant families in Upper German imperial cities.

The family seat that gives it its name is the Simmelsdorf manor, acquired in 1598 . With brief interruptions, the Tucher were represented in the Inner Council from 1340 until the end of the imperial city period in 1806 and, according to the dance statute, belonged to the twenty old generations eligible for advice. By owning Simmelsdorf, the Tucher were enrolled in the knightly canton of the Imperial Knighthood in Franconia . The family continues to this day.

history

Albrecht Dürer: Scheurl and Tucher coat of arms , around 1512
Tucherschloss Nuremberg
Sixtus Tucher (1459–1507), professor of both rights, cathedral curator, imperial and papal council (leaded glass window, based on a design by Albrecht Dürer)

The origin of the cloths has not been clearly established. The historical works commissioned by them claim an origin from the ministerial class , as servants of the Counts of Castell or Hohenlohe , whereas the name suggests an origin from the craft. According to the family history handed down in the Tucherbuch , Konrad Tucher, who died in 1326, is the progenitor of the family, who lived near the Moritzkapelle, founded in 1313 and to the north of the Sebalduskirche. However, a Berthold Tucher had already accepted Nuremberg citizenship in 1309.

The Tucher do not belong to the oldest Nuremberg families. The remarkably steep rise of the Tucher in the city council initially took place in the first half of the 14th century. The further 14th and 15th centuries brought the political, social and economic rise of the Tuchers among the first families in Nuremberg. In 1340 a member of the family was represented in the Inner Council for the first time and thus a member of the Nuremberg patriciate that ruled the free imperial city. The reputation of the Tucher in the 14th century is evidenced by marital connections to the most distinguished Nuremberg families.

The progenitors of both lines are Hans II († 1449, "older line") and his younger brother Endres I ("younger line"); There are legal disputes between the two over the inheritance of their father Hans I, who died in 1425. In the 15th century they sought the connection to rich merchant families and built up the Tuchersche Handelsgesellschaft . Although they founded their own trading establishments relatively late in comparison to other patrician families, in the late Middle Ages and early modern times they became one of the richest merchant families in the city thanks to their trade connections throughout Europe. They were among the most important patrons of the Golden Age of the Nuremberg art around 1500. Like the other mercantile Council sexes Nuremberg and the most imperial cities confess the Tucher since the Reformation to the Protestant faith. As a family that had been entitled to send members to the “City Council of Nuremberg” since 1332 (see: History of the City of Nuremberg ) , the Tucher had a not inconsiderable influence on the fortunes of the city.

Lazarus Tucher (1491–1563), imperial councilor of Charles V and Philip II , merchant in Antwerp , founded a Flemish (Catholic) line that continued for five generations in Antwerp (where it provided three mayors) and at Kasteel Tanghof near Kontich was resident.

While many patrician families in the course of the 16th century did not want to know anything more about their origins as merchants and limited themselves to "being aristocratic" and living from their manors , the Tucher and Imhoff, who competed with them in the saffron trade , still operated in the 17th Century the last trading companies of the Nuremberg patriciate active on a large scale. After their headquarters in Simmelsdorf , which was bought by Türriegel von Riegelstein in 1598 , they called themselves “Tucher von Simmelsdorf” . The addition to the name was recognized as a title of nobility by Emperor Leopold in 1697 .

Towards the end of the 16th century, the previous trade flows from the Levant , via Italy and the Alps to the southern German imperial cities, shifted to the north. The precious metals from America led to a money and sales crisis. Spain, France and the Netherlands declared bankruptcy several times . The Welsers sold their Nuremberg branch in 1610 and their Augsburg trading company was insolvent in 1614. Sebald XI. Tucher (1583–1649) had to resign from the council in 1636 due to over-indebtedness. The Tucher too finally withdrew to their estates.

Although emperors, princes and churches have always been dependent on the money of the imperial cities, they still refused to ennoble the entire patriciate. It was not until 1705 and with proof of their ownership of Simmelsdorf (since 1598) as well as some knight fiefs that were acquired later, such as Winterstein and Rüssenbach , that the Tucher were included in the Frankish imperial knighthood . In 1815 the Tucher, together with the other "old" patrician families of the dance statute of 1521, were enrolled in the baron class of the Bavarian nobility, as barons Tucher von Simmelsdorf .

In 1855 Siegmund von Tucher acquired the royal brewery (formerly the "Reichstädtische Weizenbräuhaus") and founded the " Freiherrlich von Tucher'sche Brewery " from it, which was run as a private brewery until 1898 and then converted into a joint stock company, which is now part of the Oetker Group . The Tucherschloss , the Nuremberg city seat that has belonged to the family since 1533, is now a museum for the history of the merchant family, with numerous paintings, furniture and exhibits, primarily from the heyday of the 16th century.

Possessions (extract)

The following mansions are still owned by the Tucher:

  • Tucherschloss in Nuremberg (owned by the older line from 1533 until 1970, since then Tucher'sche Family Foundation, museum with original furnishings)
  • "Old seat" in Behringersdorf (since 1580) and "New Castle" (since 1715)
  • "Old seat" in Simmelsdorf (since 1598) and "New Castle"
  • Winterstein manor and castle ruins (since around 1662/64)
  • Tucherpalais in Nuremberg, Egidienplatz 7 (since 1828; new building after the Second World War, the classicist portal from 1828/29 of the palace originally built in 1720 is still preserved.)
  • Schoppershof manor (since 1875)

Former possessions (extract)

The Tucher owned large estates in and around Nuremberg. Your Nuremberg headquarters is the Tucherschloss in Nuremberg. Other possessions were:

Known family members

Elsbeth Tucher on the front of the 20 DM note , based on the portrait by Albrecht Dürer
  • Johann (Hans I.) Tucher (1368–1424), 1389 councilor, 1390 mayor
  • Johann (Hans II.) Tucher († 1449) progenitor of the "older line", son of Hans I.
  • Endres I. Tucher († 1440), ancestor of the "younger line", son of Hans I, wrote the oldest narrative source on family history
  • Berthold III. Tucher (1386–1454), son of Hans I, wrote a "memorial"
  • Endres II. Tucher (1423–1507), Nuremberg builder, wrote a master builder book for the city of Nuremberg (1464–1475)
  • Hans Tucher (1428–1491) wrote a pilgrimage report that was widespread in the Middle Ages
  • Lorenz I. Tucher (1447–1503), provost near St. Lorenz, founder of the Dr. Lorenz Tucher Foundation (family foundation)
  • Anton Tucher (1458–1524), councilor and merchant, patron of the arts, Vorderster Nürnberger Losunger (administrator of the city taxes ) (one of three councilors who kept the keys to the imperial regalia)
  • Sixtus Tucher (1459–1507), provost of St. Lorenz, professor of canon law
  • Martin I. Tucher (1460–1488), councilor and merchant
  • Elsbeth Tucher (1473–1517), depicted in 1499 on a painting by Dürer . Further portraits of Dürer's members of the Tucher family from the same year: Hans Tucher, Nikolaus Tucher, Felicitas Tucher
  • Linhart Tucher (1487–1568), councilor and merchant, diplomat, foremost Nuremberg slogan
  • Lorenz II. Tucher (1490–1554), councilor and merchant
  • Lazarus Tucher (1491–1563), imperial councilor to Charles V , merchant in Antwerp , founder of the branch in Antwerp
  • Hieronymus (Jérôme) Tucher (1504–1540), merchant
  • Ambrosius Tucher, 1546 councilor of Antwerp († 1552), son of Lazarus, ⚭ Marie van Ursel , daughter of the Antwerp mayor Lancelot van Ursel
  • Tobias Tucher (1534–1590), councilor, master builder
  • Robert I. Tucher († 1599), councilor of Antwerp
  • Andreas Tucher von Simmelsdorf (1551–1630); President of the Dicastery
  • Hans Christoph Tucher (1581–1632), councilor; mated with Margaretha Vogt
  • Robert II. Tucher (1587–), Mayor of Antwerp
  • Tobias Tucher (1594–1675), patrician in Nuremberg
  • Christoph Tucher von Simmelsdorf (1610–1661), councilor
  • Jean Antoine Tucher (1619–1677), Mayor of Antwerp, son of Roberts II.
  • Tobias Tucher (1627–1693), judge in Nuremberg
  • Paul XII. Tucher von Simmelsdorf (1656–1709), councilor, field marshal general of the Franconian Empire
  • Christoph Wilhelm II. Tucher von Simmelsdorf (1683–1752) financed the reconstruction of the burned down Egidienkirche
  • Johann Georg Tucher von Simmelsdorf (1735–1805), converted to Catholicism and in 1761 gave up his Nuremberg citizenship
  • Jobst von Tucher (1762–1813), mayor, last councilor of the Tucher until 1806, father of Marie von Tucher
  • Marie von Tucher (1791–1855), daughter of Jobst von Tucher, wife of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
  • Siegmund von Tucher (1794–1871), entrepreneur, founder of the Tucher brewery
  • Christoph Carl Gottlieb Sigmund Freiherr von Tucher (1798–1877), lawyer, brother of Marie von Tucher, guardian of Kaspar Hauser , collector of old church music
  • Heinrich Freiherr von Tucher (1853–1925), diplomat, Bavarian envoy in the Kingdom of Italy
  • Heinrich Freiherr von Tucher (1875–1962), diplomat, attaché and ministerial resident
  • Hans Christoph Freiherr von Tucher (1904–1968), lawyer, spokesman for the board of the Bayerische Vereinsbank , chairman of the board of directors of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum , member of the supervisory board of Siemens & Halske AG, Allianz Versicherungs-AG , Vereinsbank in Hamburg and Norddeutsche Kreditbank AG . The Tucherpark in Munich was named after him
  • Eleonore Freifrau von Tucher (1916–2007), German managing director

  • Hans Tucher (1428–1491), by Michael Wolgemut

  • Ursula Tucher b. Harsdörffer (wife of Hans)

  • Berthold V. Tucher (1454–1519) and Christine Schmidtmair (around 1550)

  • Hans Tucher, by Dürer (1499)

  • Felicitas Tucher, b. Rieter , von Dürer , wife of Hans

  • Elsbeth Tucher born Pusch (1473–1517), from Dürer

  • Berthold Tucher († 1494) and Anna Mendel

  • Johann Tucher (1368–1424), mayor, governor and slogan

  • Anton Tucher (1458–1524), mayor

  • Sixtus Tucher (1459–1507), professor of both rights, cathedral curator, imperial and papal councilor

  • Lorenz II. Tucher (1490–1554), by Hans Schäufelin

  • Katharina Tucher b. Straub, wife of Lorenz

  • Hieronymus (Jérôme) Tucher (1504–1540), by Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen

  • Tobias Tucher (1534–1590), councilor, master builder

  • Leonhard II. Tucher with his wives Magdalena Stromer and Katharina Vorteilel and children (1590)

  • Andreas Tucher (1551–1630), councilor

  • Lazarus Tucher (1564–1634), merchant in Antwerp, councilor in Nuremberg

  • Philipp Jacob Tucher (1567-1623), Septemvir

  • Hans Christoph Tucher (1581–1632), councilor, respondent in Altdorf

  • Tobias Tucher (1594–1675), councilor

  • Christoph Tucher (1610–1661), councilor

  • Philipp Jacob Tucher (1624–1690), councilor

  • Tobias Tucher (1627–1693), judge

Large Tucherbuch

The Tucherbuch was commissioned in 1590 and was completed in 1596. According to registers and preface, it includes, following the family tree, short biographies for each member of the various generations and lines with birth, marriage, death, education, financial situation, position in the Nuremberg Council and personal characteristics. Each short biography includes a full-page miniature with the respective family member as a full-body figure, with the wife or wives. The book is now in the Nuremberg City Archives .

coat of arms

The family coat of arms is divided. Above, divided by black and silver five times diagonally to the right and below in gold, a black Moor's head (symbol of Saint Mauritius ; according to the "Tucherbuch" book, the black bars symbolize bars of faith ). On the helmet is a gold-clad carrot with bull horns in silver, black and gold instead of the arms. The helmet cover is black and gold. The oldest surviving depiction can be found on the figure of the Apostle Bartholomäus in the St. Sebald Church in Nuremberg , probably from 1345.

  • Apostle Bartholomäus in the Sebaldkirche with Tucher coat of arms (approx. 1345)

  • Tucher Memorial in the Sebaldskirche

  • Coat of arms in the Sebaldskirche

  • Coat of arms in the Lorenz Church

  • Tucher / Rieter alliance coat of arms (by Dürer, 1499)

  • Round shield with the coats of arms of the three chief captains Volckamer , Harsdorffer and Tucher, 1590

Foundations (extract)

In the 15th and 16th centuries in particular, the Tucher tried harder than other Nuremberg sexes to represent their status, including through memorial books as well as through artistic and cultural foundations, including altar donations (including corresponding mass grants ). Spiritual and secular foundations include:

  • 1352 - Spiritual foundation for the maintenance of the Bartholomäuskirche in Wöhrd and other charitable purposes. Today it is a patronage and charity fund for church, non-profit and charitable purposes.
  • The Tucher Altar (1440-50 by the master of the Tucher Altar ), today in the Frauenkirche (Nuremberg) , was originally located in the Augustinian Church in Sebald's old town , consecrated in 1486 . As a result of the church being closed after the Reformation, the Tucher family had it prepared for installation in the Carthusian Church in the 17th century . In the early 19th century it was taken to the Frauenkirche, which had become Catholic again.
  • 1503 - Dr. Lorenz Tucher Foundation (main foundation), founded by Dr. Lorenz I. Tucher (1447–1503), provost of St. Lorenz, canon of Regensburg, to support needy family members; later investments in land and real estate, including the Tucherpalais on Egidienplatz and the manor houses in Simmelsdorf (with estate and forest holdings) and Schoppershof ; today, among other things, the preservation of cultural assets, the promotion of cultural activities and the awarding of training grants to young family members.
  • 1513 - Hans von Kulmbach's memorial picture for Provost Lorenz Tucher (based on a design by Dürer) in the Sebaldus Church
  • 1517 - The English greeting , donated by Anton Tucher , St. Lorenz (Nuremberg)
  • 1648 - Tucher Great Garden Foundation (today part of the Dr. Lorenz Tucher Foundation)
  • 1676 - Karl Tucher Foundation for unmarried Tucher women born in wedlock
  • 1737 - Maria Magdalena Tucher Foundation to support widows of the Tucher family
  • 1861 - Patronage and charity fund (amalgamation of some foundations, as well as patronage and charity bills from Simmelsdorf and Nuremberg to finance the church patronage in Behringersdorf and St. Helena and to maintain the Tucher grave chapel near St. Helena in Großengsee)
  • 1990 - Tucherscher Kulturfond to promote art and culture
  • 2012 - Tucher'sche Kulturstiftung, non-profit foundation for the preservation, research and mediation of Tucher'scher cultural assets

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tucher , by Matthias Kirchhoff in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
  2. ↑ Families like the Pfinzing (1274), Stromer (1291), Haller (1314), Muffel (1318), Behaim (1319), Ebner (1319), Holzschuher (1319), Koler (1319), Orte (1319), Schopper (1319) were already represented in the Inner Council before the Tucher (1340).
  3. ^ Tucher , by Matthias Kirchhoff in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
  4. ^ Tucher , by Matthias Kirchhoff in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
  5. ↑ Glossary German-New High German ( Memento of the original dated December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , uni-hamburg.de. Retrieved December 30, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / webapp6.rrz.uni-hamburg.de
  6. ^ Généalogie de la famille de Coloma
  7. ↑ zeit.de: Bayerische Vereinsbank has courage to pay dividends
  8. ↑ zeit.de: Well-served Siemens shareholders
  9. ↑ zeit.de: No Allianz additional shares
  10. ↑ zeit.de: Nordkredit strengthens reserve
  11. ↑ Large Tucherbuch (download)
  12. ↑ Tucherbuch , website IHK Nürnberg
  13. ^ Tucher , in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
  14. ↑ Dr. Lorenz Tucher Foundation ( Memento of the original dated September 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tucher.eu
  15. ↑ The English greeting - in nuernberginfos.de

literature

  • Das Große Tucherbuch , Augsburg 2004 (= manuscripts from Bavarian libraries and archives on CD-ROM 5).
  • Michael Diefenbacher : Tucher von Simmelsdorf, patrician family . In: Michael Diefenbacher, Rudolf Endres (Hrsg.): Stadtlexikon Nürnberg . 2nd, improved edition. W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-921590-69-8 ( online ).
  • Antonia Dietz, Sixtus Tucher (1459–1507). Humanist, lawyer and clergyman , in: Fränkische Lebensbilder. Vol. 22 (Franconian Life Pictures, Series VII A, Vol. 22), ed. v. Erich Schneider, Würzburg 2009, pp. 15–40.
  • Christian Kuhn, generation as a basic concept of a historical history culture. The Nürnberger Tucher in the long 16th century , Göttingen 2010 (= forms of memory 45).

Web links

Commons : Tucher von Simmelsdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files