Bruck (Erlangen)

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Bruck
City of Erlangen
Coordinates: 49 ° 34 ′ 9 ″  N , 10 ° 59 ′ 49 ″  E
Residents : 20,700  (2001)
Incorporation : September 15, 1924
Postal code : 91058
Area code : 09131
map
The statistical districts 42 (Schönfeld), 44 (Bachfeld) and 45 (Bierlach) as well as the Bruck district in Erlangen

Bruck is a district in the southern district of the independent city of Erlangen in the Bavarian administrative district of Middle Franconia .

history

Engraving, 1760
Aerial photo of Erlangen-Bruck 2019

When Brucca emerged in the 11th century, the place was first mentioned in 1282. At that time, King Rudolf enfeoffed the Nuremberg burgrave Friedrich V with the village from the Nuremberg imperial estate . In 1374 the Nuremberg burgraves were additionally enfeoffed with customs and escort. Since the 14th century, the manors were divided between the burgrave, citizens and ecclesiastical institutions from Nuremberg and the Ansbach margraves .

There were several mansions in Bruck:

  • The so-called “Rudelshof” (Fürther Straße 33), owned by Nuremberg patrician families (most recently the Tucher ) since the 16th century, was acquired in 1687 by Melchior Christian von Mayersbach, who built a two-story mansion with a bay window in 1687/88. After Mayersbach's departure, however, the manor was broken up and the lands and farm buildings were sold separately. The wide hipped roof building, modified in 1728, fell victim to a new building in 1966.
  • Another mansion was next to it, at Fürther Strasse 36. It was owned by Hans Remar / Reymar zu Buckenhof until 1417 and changed hands frequently in the 15th century. When it came to the Nuremberg patrician Sigmund Pfinzing the Elder in 1548 . Ä. was sold, the margrave withdrew the man fief after a trial in 1561, because the sale to an influential Nuremberg councilor had taken place without his consent. The property, which was described as dilapidated at the time, was granted by the margrave as an inheritance loan from 1562. From 1600 Jewish owners followed, who rebuilt the house, which burned down in the Thirty Years' War, and partly used it as a synagogue. In 1876 it was sold to a master butcher who rebuilt it with extensive inventory losses. The house has recently undergone major changes, but the probably early modern cellar with a mikveh from the 16th or 17th century has been preserved.
  • The “stone house” (in the area of ​​Fürther Straße 47-49) was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War in 1632/34. It was built in 1477 as an official residence for properties that belonged to the Heroldsberg imperial fief , which had been given to the Nuremberg patrician family Geuder von Heroldsberg since 1391 . It was later awarded to inheritance lawyers by the Geudern. After its destruction, the ruin was referred to as "the stone house ... that looks like a castle" . The Hummelmannsche Mälzerei was built on the site in the second half of the 19th century and burned down in 1919. In the 20th century, a modern house was built over the property.
  • Celtic lock
    The "Keltschenschloss" (Fürther Straße 53) belonged to Cuntz Hewplinn around 1400 , which was followed by the Humser family from 1481 to 1513. The name goes back to the erroneous assumption that the Brucker carter Cunz Keltsch lived there, who fought with the imperial city of Nuremberg from 1501 to at least 1505 with the support of the margraves. The property, which was built on the Geuder von Heroldsberg and burned down in the 30 Years War around 1633, was rebuilt as an inn before the end of the war in 1649. It only had the status of a manor house for a short time around 1800 after the doctor Georg Pfann had provided it with tail gables and a tower bay in 1724. In the second half of the 18th century known under this name since 1702 inn was again the Golden Bear operated. In 1801 the Geuder sold the property, and in 1828 a tobacco factory was established there. It is privately owned today.

During the First Margrave War , the place was burned down in 1449. The place was also largely destroyed in the Thirty Years War . Nevertheless, the settlement on the Regnitz developed into a flourishing village due to its convenient location on the only Regnitz bridge between Vach and Baiersdorf . Numerous carters and landlords lived there, and there were at times four breweries . From the 17th century, tobacco processing flourished in addition to trade .

Half-timbered houses on Fürther Strasse and the Evangelical Church of St. Peter and Paul, 2010
Former Gasthaus Zum Goldenen Schiff , Fürther Straße 27 (formerly house No. 95), 2010

In the 1840s, Bruck became a port when the Ludwig-Danube-Main Canal , built from 1835 to 1846, reached the place. There was a loading point there for the handling of goods . In 1950 the Ludwig Canal was closed again and in the 1960s it was completely overbuilt with the Federal Highway 73 . The block of flats at Keltschstrasse 1 now stands on the site of the former landing stage .

The expansion of the railway line from Nuremberg to Erlangen and on to Bamberg initially reduced Bruck's importance. Only when the railway line to Herzogenaurach was opened in 1894 did Bruck get its own station.

The nearby Erlangen industrial companies meant that Bruck developed from a village to a workers' settlement in the 19th century. The place grew closer and closer to Erlangen.

On September 15, 1924, it was incorporated into Erlangen. The development continued to grow steadily. In 1939 a factory settlement with small single-family houses was built in the south-east of Bruck on the other side of the railway line.

On the Anger, a former pastureland and later parade ground, the building cooperative built another settlement for the traffic staff in the 1920s. After the Second World War, this became a focus of social housing in Erlangen. By 1974 the population of this quarter alone increased to 8,230, but fell again to 6,700 by 1999. At 27 percent, this quarter has the highest proportion of foreigners within Erlangen.

Due to the extensive structural expansion with many high-rise buildings and the proximity of the federal motorway, Bruck has lost its village character overall. However, this can still be felt in the old town center around the fortified church .

Population development

  • 1814: 01,155 inhabitants
  • 1924: 02,255 inhabitants (this year incorporated into Erlangen)
  • 2001: 20,700 inhabitants

religion

Evangelical Church of St. Peter and Paul, 2009

Since the Reformation in 1527, Bruck has been evangelical-Lutheran . In 2001 the parish of St. Peter and Paul had about 4620 members.

Former synagogue, Judengasse 1a (previously house no.58), 2011

From the 17th to the beginning of the 20th century there was an important Jewish community in Bruck. In 1763 there were 37 Jewish families in the area, in 1811 184 Jewish inhabitants (15% of the total population). Between 1860 and 1900, most of the families moved to Erlangen, which was once again open to a Jewish settlement . The Erlangen Jewish community was initially a subsidiary of Bruck (Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Bruck-Erlangen). The former synagogue in Judengasse 1a (formerly house number 58) has been preserved and is used for storage and living.

Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul, 2010

The few remaining Catholics were looked after by the parish of St. Xystus in Büchenbach until a curate was set up in Erlangen (1784) . But it was not until 1908 that the Bruck Catholics received their own church with the consecration of the Church of St. Peter and Paul . On November 8, 1924, Bruck received his own chaplain and became a curate . Over four centuries after the Reformation, this curate was elevated to a parish on November 1, 1956 . In 2001 the parish had 2,750 members.

In order to take account of the rapid increase in the Catholic population, another parish called Heilig Kreuz was established for northern Bruck on August 24, 1967 . The pastoral care was taken over by the Carmelites , who built a monastery right next to the modern church, consecrated in 1969.

The Seventh-day Adventists, who have been represented in Erlangen since at least 1903, moved into a new community center in Bruck in 1995. The Advent church ERlebt , founded in 2003, took place in October 2007 in Gutenbergstr. 1 the second Adventist church in Bruck was consecrated. There is good cooperation between the two communities. The Adventists take an active part in Erlangen's city life. Your social commitment is shown, among other things, in the scout work (tribe "Erlanger Margraves") or in public blood donation campaigns that are carried out in the community rooms. The association “Christians for Culture e. V. “was founded in 1999 by Adventists from Erlangen.

The Erlangen Jehovah's Witnesses have had a Kingdom Hall in Bruck since 1980 .

Culture and sights

Buildings

Former Gasthaus Zum Schwarzen Adler , Fürther Straße 19 (formerly house no.91), 2010

The most important landmark is the Protestant Church of St. Peter and Paul . This is located in the center of the old village directly on the Regnitz. Construction began on this church in the 13th century. The 68 meter high choir tower consists of four clearly structured floors and is provided with an eight-sided pointed helmet and four watch towers . The originally late Romanesque building has been changed several times. The short nave has Gothic elements on the north and south portal. The interior is characterized by the Baroque style, which was completed in 1726 during the repairs that became necessary after the Thirty Years' War. The church hall gives a closed impression due to the double gallery from 1660, the pulpit from 1680, the church stalls and the choir screens (1700) as well as the stucco work and the ceiling painting from 1726/27.

Natural monuments

Water pumping wheel on the Regnitz, 2010

To the east of Bruck is the Brucker Lache forest area . In 2004, a biotope with a historical water wheel was created in the Aurachwiesen on the Regnitz .

Sports

The Gymnastics Club 1861 Erlangen-Bruck was founded on August 11, 1861. Its 400 members mainly practice handball , tennis and popular sports.

The Erlangen-Bruck football and sports club was founded in the summer of 1916, initially under the name of the 1st Markt Bruck Football Club . Today's multi-discipline association with around 1100 members has a 60,000 square meter site. The club is particularly successful in youth football. The men's first team has been playing in the fifth-class Bayernliga since the 2008/09 season .

Every year on the holiday on January 6th, the FSV Erlangen-Bruck organizes the three-king indoor soccer tournament for amateur clubs from Erlangen and the surrounding area. This tournament is considered the highlight of the Erlangen indoor season.

Another large association is the ATSV 1898 Erlangen eV , which was founded as a “workers gymnastics club ” with the gymnastics department . In 1913 the club was enlarged by the football department . With 12 departments it currently has over 1200 members. After the war, the rebuilding of the club began with the establishment of the following departments: Judo (1949), bowling (1960), table tennis (1967), canoeing , volleyball and tennis (1975). The billiards department (1979) has been playing very successfully in the first division for years. After a long history, the Badminton departments (1992) and finally kickboxing , Iaido and Kendo were founded.

carnival

The biggest public event in Bruck is the annual parade on Mardi Gras Sunday . This is organized by the Brucker Gaßhenker carnival company founded in 1970 . The number of wagons is usually around 30, in addition to other carnival societies from the region there is also an international participation, for example by groups from Australia . As elsewhere, the Bruck hangers also choose a prince and child prince couple. The name Brucker Gaßhenker comes from the legend that the inhabitants of Bruck, during a siege and the lack of fodder, put a rope around a goat's neck and pulled it up by the church so that it could eat the grass on the church wall. The goat choked and stuck out its tongue, whereupon the Bruckers exclaimed: "Look, she's already asking for the delicious grass". This bourgeois prank was chosen as the name of the carnival society.

traffic

The district is divided by two major traffic routes in a north-south direction. On the one hand, the federal motorway 73 runs along the route of the former Ludwig-Danube-Main Canal , which is connected to the federal motorway 3 immediately to the south at the Fürth / Erlangen junction. The old town center is to the west of it. On the other hand, a little further east is the Nuremberg – Bamberg railway with the Erlangen-Bruck S-Bahn station . The branch line to Herzogenaurach leads from the aforementioned train station in a westerly direction to Frauenaurach and on to the port of Erlangen . It is only used for transports by the waste management association. Bruck is located on the Main-Danube Canal and has two nearby trimodal freight transport centers, the Erlangen port and the Frauenaurach site . A connection to passenger shipping is also possible at the Erlangen site .

Personalities

  • The cantor , headmaster and spiritual poet Sebald Heyden (* December 8, 1499 in Bruck; † July 9, 1561 in Nuremberg ) spent his childhood in Bruck.

Others

The Erlangen fun metal band JBO wrote a song about this district: No Sleep 'Til Bruck . Another song from JBO with a similar theme is the Heimatlied with the final line: "Milky Way - Solar System - Earth - Europe - Southern Germany - Franconia - Erlangen - Bruck."

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ History of mansions according to Robert Giersch / Andreas Schlunk / Bertold von Haller: Castles and manors in the Nuremberg countryside
  2. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 601 .

Web links

Commons : Bruck  - collection of images, videos and audio files