Büchenbach (Erlangen)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Büchenbach
City of Erlangen
Coordinates: 49 ° 35 ′ 25 ″  N , 10 ° 57 ′ 50 ″  E
Height : 288 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 15,961  (Dec. 31, 2017)
Incorporation : August 1, 1923
Postal code : 91056
Area code : 09131
map
On the left the statistical districts 71 (In der Reuth), 75 (Industriehafen), 76 (Büchenbach Dorf), 77 (Büchenbach North) and 78 (Büchenbach West) in the West district and the statistical district 12 (Steinforst). On the right the Büchenbach district in Erlangen, which roughly corresponds to the historical boundary of the former municipality.

Büchenbach (colloquially: Bimboch ) is a district and a district of the independent city of Erlangen in the Bavarian administrative district of Middle Franconia . Until the incorporation in 1923, the place mentioned for the first time in 996 was an independent municipality. On December 31, 2017, 15,961 people lived in the Büchenbach district with their main residence and 981 with a secondary residence.

geography

location

The Büchenbach district borders in the west on Kosbach , Häusling and Steudach , in the south on Frauenaurach and in the north on the Mönau forest area. In the east, the district is bounded by the Main-Danube Canal . The district of Büchenbach and historically also part of the district also includes the suburban settlement east of the canal and south of Alterlangen , including the Neumühle and the Sonnenblick settlement, which in the current delimitation of the city of Erlangen belong to the Alterlangen district, as well as larger areas in the Regnitzgrund.

structure

Büchenbach is usually divided into the three areas Büchenbach-Dorf (the old town center), Büchenbach-Nord (between the canal, town center and Holzweg) and Büchenbach-West (west of the Holzweg). On the one hand, this corresponds to the order of the development, and on the other hand, district centers with shopping facilities and cultural offers have been created or are planned in Büchenbach-Nord along the Büchenbacher facility and in Büchenbach-West on Mönaustraße.

history

First settlement (until 996)

Fortified church of St. Xystus (Sixtus), 2011
Interior of the Church of St. Xystus (Sixtus), 2011
Parental home of the Bavarian member of the state parliament and tin foil manufacturer David Morgenstern (1814–1882)
Half-timbered house in the historic town center, 2011

Traces of settlement in the Büchenbach area can be found up to around 1000 BC. Prove. Is produced Pungent the near Büchenbach located in the area of Erlanger neighborhood Kosbach Kosbacher altar , a grave mound, v where from 10th to 5th century. Several burials took place.

Middle Ages and early modern times (996 to 1803)

In 996, Büchenbach was first mentioned in a document as “marca Buochinebah”. 1008 the place was by the Roman King Henry II. The Diocese of Bamberg given, in his bishopric he remained until 1803. Büchenbach was the seat of the lower jurisdiction . His parish St. Xystus, which had existed for around 1000, belonged to the diocese of Würzburg until 1807 , only then did it come to the diocese of Bamberg, which, however, made claims earlier.

In 1468 Büchenbach consisted of 22 farms. In the Thirty Years' War Büchenbach was destroyed.

Towards the end of the 18th century, there were 64 properties in Büchenbach (6 courtyards, 7 half- huts , 1 three-quarter hatch , 1 three-quarter court, 8 half- courtyards, 2 three-quarter halls, 2 three- eighth courtyards, 1 quarter-height, 12 quarter- courtyards , 11 fiefs, 11 houses, 1 forge, 1 Shepherd's house). The high court exercised the Bamberg cathedral provost office Büchenbach to a limited extent. If necessary, it had to be delivered to the Bamberg center in Herzogenaurach . The Dompropsteiamt Büchenbach held the village and community rulership as well as the lordship over all properties.

Büchenbach in the Kingdom of Bavaria (1803 to 1923)

In 1802 the Diocese of Bamberg - and with it Büchenbach - fell to the Electorate of Bavaria in the course of secularization in the Holy Roman Empire . Through the main country comparison, it came to Prussia in 1803 . In 1810 Büchenbach came to the new Kingdom of Bavaria . As part of the municipal edict , the Büchenbach tax district was formed in 1811 , to which Alterlangen , Häusling , Kosbach , Neumühle and Steudach belonged. With the second community edict (1818), two rural communities were formed:

  • Büchenbach with Neumühle,
  • Kosbach with Alterlangen, Häsuling and Steudach.

The administration and jurisdiction of the municipality of Büchenbach was subordinate to the district court of Herzogenaurach and the financial administration to the Erlangen rent office . On October 1, 1847, it was transferred to the Herzogenaurach Rent Office (1920–1923: Herzogenaurach tax office , from 1923: Erlangen tax office ). From 1862 Büchenbach was administered by the district office of Höchstadt an der Aisch . The jurisdiction remained with the district court of Herzogenaurach until 1879, 1880–1923 district court Herzogenaurach , from 1923 district court Erlangen . The municipality had an area of ​​7.197 km².

The long distance to the administrative facilities in Höchstadt led to discussions about incorporation into Erlangen. In addition, jobs were created in Erlangen in the course of industrialization that the Büchenbachers were dependent on. From 1920 Büchenbach negotiated with Erlangen about incorporation, which was, however, highly controversial: In the Büchenbach municipal council there was only a majority of one vote. In a referendum in 1923, the Büchenbachers voted with a large majority of 80 percent (with a turnout of 84 percent) in favor of incorporation, which was carried out on August 1, 1923. On the reporting date, Büchenbach had around 1,035 inhabitants.

Büchenbach as a district of Erlangen (since 1923)

After the incorporation, Büchenbach's development hardly changed at first. From 1932, the suburban settlement was built on the Büchenbacher Mühlanger (today bordered by the Regnitzgrund, the Main-Danube Canal, the Büchenbacher and the Kosbacher dam). With the construction of the Main-Danube Canal, it was separated from Büchenbach in 1970. In the delimitation of the statistical districts, the suburban settlement is managed as a separate area (stone forest) and was added to Alterlangen in the definition of the boundaries for the district councils of the city of Erlangen in 2015. The Büchenbacher Sportclub ( BSC Erlangen , formerly: Sportvereinigung Büchenbach) has its seat in the suburban settlement , which shows the historical affiliation.

and display information about the image
View from the southwest of Büchenbach, 2011

From the end of the 1960s, new building areas were continuously designated in Büchenbach following the “Erlangen-West development plan”. First of all, high-rise settlements arose along the canal and on Würzburger Ring in the north of Büchenbach. From 1973 the settlement In der Reuth was built. From around 1980, apartment buildings and single-family houses were built between the old Büchenbach and the Würzburger Ring. Around 1990 the buildings crossed the Holzweg , an old connecting path between Büchenbach and the Mönau forest area to the north. Around 2000 Mönaustraße, the connecting road between Büchenbach and Kosbach, was crossed for the first time. Further construction areas are currently being developed west of Mönaustraße.

Due to the heavy new building activity, Büchenbach has meanwhile become a largely urban place. The established village structures are still partly in the social and cultural life in the old town center, the "village", where there are still some agricultural businesses as well as long-established craftsmen and shops. The historical building fabric has also largely been preserved there. The new citizens of Büchenbach, however, are often not integrated into the structures of the village, but are oriented towards the Erlangen city center.

Population development

year 1818 1840 1852 1855 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925 1950 1961 1970 1987 2000 2017
Residents 581 645 703 686 677 665 654 726 759 766 771 855 837 953 986 986 1096 1558 2305 3816 11418 15400 15961
Houses 79 118 120 142 168 195 288 1377
source
Büchenbach with Main-Danube Canal aerial photo (2019)

religion

In Büchenbach there is a Lutheran (Martin Luther Church) and two Catholic parishes (parish church St. Xystus with stucco by Donato Polli , who is buried here, and for Büchenbach-Nord and -West the congregation of the holy apostles).

Education, culture and leisure

The cultural life in Büchenbach is based primarily on voluntary work, the parishes and some associations, most of which come from the old town center: the volunteer fire brigade, the Erlangen-Büchenbach music association, the Büchenbach Kolping family , the history workshop and the sport shooters of the Erlangen-Büchenbach SSG a large archery department.

The district newspaper “Puzzle”, which is run by volunteers, has been published in Büchenbach since 1997.

The city of Erlangen maintains the Scheune leisure center , two youth houses and the Taubenschlag adventure playground . There are plans to build another cultural center with a district library on Mönaustraße. There is also the decibel youth club in the "Apostle Church" , which is run by the church and supported by the city .

There are three primary schools in Büchenbach, the Büchenbach-Dorf primary school, the Mönauschule primary and secondary school (formerly Büchenbach-Nord) and the Heinrich-Kirchner primary school. The nearest secondary school and the nearest grammar school are located in the West School Center between the suburbs and Alterlangen.

In Büchenbach (usually on the second weekend in August) and in the suburbs (end of July) there are annual parishes. The barn also hosts the Würzburger Ring Festival every year.

Architectural monuments

  • Alter Markt 10: Catholic parish church St. Xystus
  • Bachgraben 3: rectory
  • Forchheimer Straße 43: Marien- or Sodality chapel
  • Forchheimer Strasse 50: cemetery
  • Various residential buildings

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Port of Erlangen on the Main-Danube Canal in Buechenbach, 2011
Siemens equipment factory in Büchenbach, 2011

Most of the residents of Büchenbach are employed in the city of Erlangen or in Herzogenaurach . The only Büchenbach industrial park is located south of the town center, along Frauenauracher Straße. In addition to smaller companies and retailers, the Erlanger Canal Harbor , the Erlangen waste transfer station with recycling center, several departments and spin-offs of Siemens AG , which are known under the location name Siemens Gerätewerk or Siemens F80 , and a location of Schaeffler AG are located here .

In Büchenbach there are almost exclusively retail stores and services for daily needs, as well as hardware stores and an electronics store in the Frauenauracher Strasse industrial estate. In the old town center there are a few craft businesses and a children's book publisher. All other business needs to be done in downtown Erlangen, as Erlangen's city policy has long placed emphasis on concentrating trade in the inner city.

There are still a few farms in the Büchenbach town center. However, these are increasingly being displaced by the ongoing development.

traffic

The district road ER 1 is part of a ring that bypasses Büchenbach to the south and leads east to a junction of the district road ER 2 and on the other side of the Regnitz to junction 33 of the federal motorway 3 and furthermore merges into the federal road 4 . The ER 1 / ERH 3 leads to the southwest via Häusling and Haundorf to Herzogenaurach . The ER 2 runs north to Alterlangen and south to Bruck .

literature

Web links

Commons : Büchenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ D. Fastnacht, p. 52.
  2. ↑ cf. Data on the statistical districts. City of Erlangen, March 27, 2018, accessed on May 16, 2018 . ; included: statistical districts 71 (In der Reuth), 75 (Industriehafen), 76 (Büchenbach Dorf), 77 (Büchenbach North) and 78 (Büchenbach West)
  3. ↑ a b Büchenbach in the Bavaria Atlas
  4. ↑ Martin Nadler: Kosbach Altar . In: Christoph Friederich, Bertold Freiherr von Haller, Andreas Jakob (Hrsg.): Erlanger Stadtlexikon . W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2002, ISBN 3-921590-89-2 , p. 433 f . ( Complete edition online ).
  5. ↑ D. Fastnacht, p. 48; M. Meyer, p. 180.
  6. ↑ a b c M. Meyer: Büchenbach , p. 180.
  7. ↑ M. Meyer: Xystus, cath. Parish , p. 758.
  8. ↑ HH Hofmann, p. 62.
  9. ^ HH Hofmann, p. 150.
    Address and statistical manual for the Rezatkreis in the Kingdom of Baiern . Buchdruckerei Chancellery, Ansbach 1820, p. 49 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1041 ( digitized version ).
  11. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 601 .
  12. ↑ cf. for incorporation: Herbert, Manuela / Meyer, Agnes: August 1, 1923–2003. 80 years Erlangen-Büchenbach; In: Puzzle Heft 20 (2003) ( Memento from September 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these are called fire places, from 1871 to 1987 as residential buildings.
  14. ↑ Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkkreis according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 14 ( digitized version ). For the community of Büchenbach plus the residents and fireplaces of Neumühle.
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality directory: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 145 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
  16. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 876 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  17. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1048 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digital copy ).
  18. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 993 ( digitized version ).
  19. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1180 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1016 ( digitized version ).
  21. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 748 ( digitized version ).
  22. ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 167 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 323 ( digitized version ).
  24. ^ Website of the Apostle Church
  25. ^ SSG Erlangen-Büchenbach
  26. ↑ Puzzle district newspaper ( Memento of the original from May 31, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.puzzle-stadtteilzeitung.de
  27. ^ Website of the decibel youth club
  28. ↑ Reading day in Erlangen: People who are a little different. North Bavarian News, November 23, 2015.