Schaeffler Group

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Schaeffler AG

logo
legal form Corporation
ISIN DE000SHA0159
founding April 19, 1982
Seat Herzogenaurach , GermanyGermanyGermany 
management
  • Klaus Rosenfeld ,
    CEO
    Klaus Patzak
    Matthias Zink
    Michael Söding
    Andreas Schick
    Corinna Schittenhelm
    Uwe Wagner
    Stefan Spindler
Number of employees 87,700 (2019)
sales 14.4 billion euros (2019)
Branch Automotive and mechanical engineering suppliers
Website www.schaeffler.com
As of December 31, 2019

Schaeffler AG is based in Herzogenaurach

The Schaeffler Group , based in Herzogenaurach, is a listed German supplier to the automotive and mechanical engineering industries . The group's products include clutch systems , gear parts , camshaft adjusters , bearings and linear technology components. The group sells them under the brands INA, FAG and LuK . The group of companies controlled by Maria-Elisabeth Schaeffler and her son Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Schaeffler employed more than 87,700 people at around 170 locations in over 50 countries worldwide in 2019 and achieved sales of 14.4 billion euros .

The group of companies was created by taking over the rescue company of the large company Davistan, which went bankrupt in 1933 after the Jewish owner had fled Germany . During the Second World War , Schaeffler produced armaments, employed slave labor and processed human hair from those murdered in the Auschwitz extermination camp . At the end of the war, operations were relocated from Upper Silesia to Upper Franconia . The company resumed its business there in the post-war period and began to expand internationally in the 1950s.

In 2001 it was taken over by FAG Kugelfischer . Since 2009, the Schaeffler Group has been the largest single shareholder in Continental AG , which has been an organizational sister company of Schaeffler AG since 2015.

history

Benefit from Nazi crimes

The company goes back to Davistan AG from Katscher in Upper Silesia , which in 1933, after the Jewish owner Ernst Frank, an honorary citizen of Katscher since 1929 , had to flee from the emergence of National Socialism , fell in debt to a bank consortium and went bankrupt. The Dresdner Bank , in which Wilhelm Schaeffler since 1937 as auditors worked, offered its employees the "Davistan Krimmer-, plush and carpet factories AG" indicates more than 30 percent below their value. The purchase took place in October 1940.

In 1942, Wilhelm Schaeffler eliminated the company's Jewish-sounding name. On this occasion, he pushed the long-standing board of directors out of management. The company was now Wilhelm Schaeffler AG . His brother Georg Schaeffler acquired 25 percent of the shares in the renamed company by the end of 1942. During the war, armaments inspectors urgently looked for further production sites in Upper Silesia, which allied bomber units were hardly accessible. The “Willi Scheffler AG” from Katscher was also on a corresponding planning list in June 1943 and was threatened with closure. However, some civil production companies managed to avert their closure by turning to arms production or ensuring high productivity and the lowest possible consumption of raw materials and finished parts. In the summer of 1943, Wilhelm Schaeffler, who joined the NSDAP in 1941 , founded a limited partnership for the arms business. From then on, he managed armaments and textile production. The Katscher plant produced dropping devices for the air force, fire bombs , needle bearings for tanks, Wehrmacht vests, mattresses and coats. The company used forced labor from France, the Soviet Union and Poland. The latter were interned in Poland camp 92 in Katscher. In 1944 there was a "war working group" with Schumag , which manufactured axles, rollers and precision small parts for the army and air force in the premises in Katscher.

The company, which in wartime consisted of four plants, also used human hair from the Auschwitz extermination camp in its textile production. After the end of the war and the Schaefflers' flight to Franconia, one of the factories 1,950 kilograms of hair balls was found on the sixth floor in 1946. They were found to be human hair in a study by the Forensic Medicine Institute at Jagiellonian University in Kraków . In a further forensic analysis in 1947, experts from the Institute for Forensic Findings in Krakow found traces of hydrogen cyanide , the main component of the killing gas Zyklon B , in these hairs . After an investigation by the Forensic Medicine Institute of Jagiellonian University in 1949 , yard goods found on the company premises were also found to be made of human hair. The former technical director and his successor, both of whom have been with the company for many years, confirmed the use of human hair in a judicial investigation in May 1946. A witness stated that in 1943 two wagons, each with 1.5 tons of human hair, arrived in Katscher and - if there were no remains - were then processed into yarn in the factory. In 1947, the hairballs and rolls of fabric made from hair were given to the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum . Jacek Lachendro, deputy director of the research department of the Auschwitz Museum, confirmed to reporters from Spiegel TV in 2009 that part of the hair shown in the museum came from the find in Katscher.

The historian Gregor Schöllgen , who examined the company's history on behalf of the Schaeffler family, claimed in 2009 that there was “no evidence” or no direct evidence for the connection to Auschwitz. He was vehemently criticized for this view in 2011 by his colleagues Tim Schanetzky , Cornelia Rauh and Toni Pierenkemper .

Rebuilding in Franconia

In 1945 the company was relocated to Schwarzenhammer in Upper Franconia due to the advance of the Soviet Army . "300 Schaeffler people" as well as machines, raw materials and semi-finished goods in 40 railway wagons came to this place, which was part of the American occupation zone after the end of the war . In August 1945 the "Agricultural Machinery Factory" was founded there. After Wilhelm Schaeffler returned from Polish prison in mid-September 1952, this company was liquidated together with Schaeffler KG . The Schwarzhammer location had already proven to be a temporary solution at this point.

In the spring of 1946 the brothers Wilhelm and Georg Schaeffler and two partners founded a company called Industrie-GmbH in Herzogenaurach . The company was initially only allowed to repair agricultural equipment and manufacture consumer goods from wood, but soon also became a supplier for toolmaking . In 1949, Georg Schaeffler developed the needle cage for needle roller bearings, which led the future needle roller bearing industry (INA) to success. In 1951 Saar Nadellager oHG was founded in Homburg as the first INA branch in Germany (at that time, however, the Saarland was not yet united with the Federal Republic, but was under French administration ). The first foreign branch in Hagenau followed in 1956 . Production began in Llanelli ( Great Britain ) in 1957, and in 1958 the factory opened in São Paulo , Brazil . In 1963 the first INA foreign subsidiary was founded in the United States . In 1965, with INA participation, Lamellen und Kupplungsbau August Häussermann in Bühl was taken over and renamed LuK Lamellen und Kupplungsbau GmbH. In 1979 the company started with Hydrel AG , Switzerland , and in 1984 the participation in Helmut Elges GmbH, Steinhagen .

In 1989 the carpet division was sold.

In 1991 and 1992, the plants in Skalica , Slovakia , and Ansan , Korea , were opened, and INA Bearings China Co. Ltd. followed in 1995. in Taicang , China . Under the direction of Jürgen Geißinger (November 1998 to October 2013) the company then followed an "aggressive acquisition strategy". 1999 saw the complete takeover of LuK. In 2000 the majority stake in Rege Motorenteile GmbH was acquired. In 2001, the group bought the Schweinfurt competitor FAG Kugelfischer through a hostile takeover and then took the company off the stock exchange. The company has been under the umbrella of today's “Schaeffler AG” since 2010, which was founded in 1982 under the name INA Beteiligungsgesellschaft mit limited liability .

Takeover of Continental AG

On July 14, 2008, the Schaeffler Group confirmed its fundamental interest in becoming involved with the automotive supplier Continental . On July 15, 2008, an initial takeover offer of EUR 69.37 per Continental share was submitted. At the same time it became known that the Schaeffler Group had secured a stake of over 36 percent through cash-settled equity swaps . On August 21, 2008, the Schaeffler Group concluded an investor agreement with Continental AG. The Schaeffler Group's commitment to Continental AG should be limited to a minority stake of up to 49.99 percent over the next four years. Former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder was supposed to be the guarantor for safeguarding the interests of all stakeholders of Continental AG .

The Schaeffler Group was finally offered 90 percent of the Continental AG shares at the price of the last takeover offer of EUR 75. The market price had meanwhile fallen to around 20 euros. Due to the obligations from the takeover offer, Schaeffler had to buy the Continental shares tendered at the high price. The shares in excess of 49.99 percent were passed on to the banks involved. The result was that the Schaeffler Group had higher debts than planned and the shares in Continental AG, which were originally intended as security for the debts, were only worth around a quarter as much as originally planned at the beginning of 2009.

On August 31, 2008, Manfred Wennemer was released from his position as Chairman of the Management Board at his own request, which he had held since September 11, 2001. His successor was Karl-Thomas Neumann . A dispute between Continental and Schaeffler escalated as to how the enormous debt burden could be reduced and the merger saved. After Schaeffler acquired the de facto majority stake in Continental AG at the beginning of 2009, the Chairman of the Continental Supervisory Board Hubertus von Grünberg resigned on January 24, 2009.

Continental and Schaeffler had a total debt of around 23 billion euros and at the end of January 2009 tried to obtain state aid to keep the Schaeffler Group going. The state governments of Lower Saxony and Bavaria discussed aid amounting to around 500 million euros each, and guarantees of four billion euros were requested from the federal government. In order to draw attention to the existence-threatening situation, employees of the company founded the initiative We are also Schaeffler . In a first campaign in February 2009, 8,000 employees and many friends of the company demonstrated in Herzogenaurach for the preservation of the Schaeffler Group.

The Schaeffler Group compared its importance for the automotive industry with that of the US investment bank Lehman Brothers for the banking sector. She promised a quick repayment of state aid with interest, which was never applied for or used.

In negotiations with IG Metall , far-reaching concessions were made to expand corporate co-determination and publish the business results. In mid-March 2009, Klaus Rosenfeld , the former CFO of Dresdner Bank , was appointed as the new CFO. On October 19, 2009, Wolfgang Reitzle was appointed Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Continental AG.

On January 6, 2010, Continental generated a total of EUR 1.1 billion in gross proceeds from the issue of 31 million new shares. Schaeffler KG, the banks MM Warburg and Metzler together held just over 60 percent of Continental AG after the capital increase.

initial public offering

In September 2015, Schaeffler AG announced that it would go public on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange on October 5, 2015. Up to 166 million non-voting preference shares should be placed with institutional investors. Of this, 100 million came from the holdings of Schaeffler Verwaltungs GmbH; the remaining 66 million shares came from a capital increase . The ordinary shares with voting rights were not listed on the stock exchange and remained with the Schaeffler family. The issue volume was put at around 3 billion euros . Due to the poor market environment for shares in automotive suppliers triggered by the VW emissions scandal, Schaeffler postponed its IPO to October 9, 2015 and reduced the issue volume to 1.4 billion euros; Schaeffler Verwaltungs GmbH wanted to place only 9 million shares instead of 100 million at a price of 12 to 14 euros when it went public; the remainder should gradually enter the market after a six-month lock-up period. The company went public on October 9, 2015. The first price was displayed at EUR 13.50 after the issue price was EUR 12.50. The hoped-for proceeds of EUR 2.5 billion could not be achieved, as only 75 million preference shares were placed, which resulted in proceeds of 937.5 million. Most of the income was used to discharge Schaeffler and the holding company. Together, after the takeover of Continental, both companies had debts of almost EUR 10 billion.

The share capital of Schaeffler AG amounts to 666,000,000 euros and is divided into 500 million ordinary shares with voting rights and 166 million non-voting preference shares with a share of 75.1 and 24.9 percent of the share capital. The ordinary shares are wholly owned by the family shareholders (Maria-Elisabeth Schaeffler-Thumann and her son Georg Schaeffler) through INA-Holding Schaeffler GmbH & Co. KG and other intermediate holding companies. The preference shares have been fully placed on the stock exchange since April 2016.

After a planned conversion of common to preferred shares in 2018, the share capital should be divided into 334 million common and 332 million preferred shares, but that failed because of the resistance of the shareholders.

owner

The widow of the company founder Georg Schaeffler, Maria-Elisabeth Schaeffler , currently holds 20% of the voting capital, and her son Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Schaeffler holds 80% of the voting shares in the company. The operational business of the Schaeffler Group and the participation in Continental AG were bundled in 2010 in Schaeffler GmbH, which was converted into a stock corporation on October 13, 2011. At the beginning of 2015, the 46% stake in Continental AG was separated from Schaeffler AG and is now directly subordinate to the Schaeffler family holding company. Continental AG is now a sister company of Schaeffler AG.

organization structure

The group has given itself an organizational and management structure based on a three-dimensional matrix . In 2018, it distinguished between divisions , functions and regions :

  • Automotive OEM , automotive aftermarket and industry formed the divisions .
  • Five areas were distinguished in the dimension functions : (a) CEO functions , (b) technology , (c) production , supply chain management and purchasing , (d) finance and (e) personnel .
  • In regional terms, the group finally divided its business into the areas of Europe , Americas , Greater China and Asia / Pacific .

Products

Today the Schaeffler Group manufactures various components for the automotive, mechanical engineering and aerospace industries under the brands INA, FAG and LuK. The automotive division produces components and units for engines, transmissions and chassis as well as components for the drive technology, production machinery, heavy industry, consumer goods industry, wind power and rail technology sectors.

The company holds a total of around 26,500 patents and patent applications at 20 development locations worldwide (as of 2020) and was the second most active patent applicant in Germany in 2019. Schaeffler is also one of the largest training companies in Northern Bavaria.

INA

INA logo

The letters INA are now used as a brand abbreviation for “industrial needle roller bearings”. In 1949, the development of the needle cage by Georg Schaeffler made the needle bearing a reliable component for industry. In 1965 INA was involved in the founding of LuK Lamellen und Kupplungsbau GmbH in Bühl , which was completely taken over in 1999 to expand its competence as a system supplier to the automotive industry.

FAG

FAG logo
Schaeffler Technologies GmbH & Co. KG is domiciled in Schweinfurt

FAG originally stood for F ischer's A utomatic G ussstahlkugelfabrik. In 1883 Friedrich Fischer constructed a ball grinding machine in Schweinfurt . With it it was possible for the first time to grind steel balls round. The device, which was further developed by Fischer and Wilhelm Höpflinger , was registered for a patent in 1890. The development contributed to the growth of the rolling bearing industry. In 1905 the FAG brand was registered with the Patent and Trademark Office in Berlin. Georg Schäfer (II) was the only company in the industry that did not participate with FAG in the merger in the German rolling bearing industry that was completed in 1929 under pressure from the Swedish SKF . Schäfer used the freedom created by the merger. During the global economic crisis , the number of employees rose by almost half to almost 3,000; in 1939, 9,000 people were employed. In 1968 the Austrian AKF (Allgemeine Kugellagerfabrik Ges.mbH) was acquired. Eleven years later, the company sold its Kugelfischer injection systems division to Bosch . Kugelfischer acquired Rotasym in Pößneck from the Treuhandanstalt in 1991 . The plant was closed shortly afterwards. Not least because of the activities in the new federal states (DKFL), the company fell into a crisis that threatened its existence in 1993. The renovation was successful under Kajo Neukirchen . The group was broken up and the number of employees halved. The Schäfer family left the management.

LuK

LuK logo
Headquarters of LuK GmbH & Co. KG in Bühl

The LuK GmbH & Co. KG ( L amellen- u nd K upplungsbau), headquartered in Buhl at the Black Forest is an automotive supplier for driveline and was founded in 1965 by brothers Georg Schaeffler and Wilhelm Schaeffler in Buhler industrial area as LuK GmbH. LuK emerged from Lamellen- und Kupplungsbau August Häussermann , which was founded in Esslingen-Mettingen in 1927.

The production program of the August Häussermann company was expanded after the Second World War to include vehicle clutches and clutch disks. In addition, there was the production of disc springs, which became an essential part of the manufactured motor vehicle clutches. From May 1965 onwards, LuK started delivering disc spring clutches for the VW Beetle successors in series. From 1967 the company grew and expanded at home and abroad. Series production of vehicle clutches for other well-known domestic and foreign motor vehicle manufacturers followed. In addition, double clutches for tractors and agricultural machines were also produced in series. Another business area was the trade in clutch spare parts for export. From this branch of business, AS Autoteile-Service GmbH (later LuK Aftermarket, now Schaeffler Automotive Aftermarket GmbH & Co. KG) in Langen near Frankfurt am Main emerged in 1975.

At the end of the 1970s, the production volume rose to more than 200 million DM. The dual mass flywheel (DMF) developed by LuK, which was celebrated as a world first in 1985, has established itself as a means of damping vibrations in drive trains. In 1995 LuK was the first clutch manufacturer to mass-produce the self-adjusting clutch (SAC). LuK has been supplying components for the new continuously variable transmission (CVT) called “ Multitronic ” at Audi since 1999 . On January 1, 2000, the Schaeffler Group took over the remaining 50 percent of the LuK Group from Valeo .

The product range of the LuK Group today includes clutch systems, torsion dampers and transmission components for CVT, automatic and double clutch transmissions. Today, LuK is one of the largest employers in the " Regio Pamina " (Palatinate, Northern Alsace, Middle Upper Rhine) with more than 8,000 employees (5,000 at the headquarters in Bühl alone ). Schaeffler Automotive Aftermarket (before January 1, 2009: LuK Aftermarket) sells spare parts of the LuK, INA, FAG and Ruville brands for vehicle workshops and dealerships. In March 2006, the plants of the Pumps division (LuK Fahrzeughydraulik and LuK Automobiltechnik) were sold and continued by third parties under the name ixetic GmbH .

literature

  • Klaus-Peter Gäbelein: 50 years of Schaeffler Herzogenaurach . In: Herzogenauracher Heimatblatt (publisher: Stadt Herzogenaurach, supplement in the official gazette no. 45/1997), number 18 of November 6, 1997 (archived in the Internet Archive ).
  • Thomas Horling: Cartel and Foreign Capital. The German rolling bearing industry in the years 1925–1932, in: Yearbook for Franconian State Research 66 (2006), pp. 521–562.
  • Gregor Schöllgen : Schaeffler's dark shadow. In: Cicero . March 2009, accessed October 7, 2019 .
  • Nils Klawitter: Trace to Auschwitz? In: Der Spiegel . No. 12 , 2009, p. 76 f . ( online - March 16, 2009 ).
  • Evelyn Hauser: Schaeffler KG . In: International Directory of Company Histories. Volume 110, St. James Press, Detroit, New York, San Francisco et al. 2010, ISBN 978-1-55862-773-4 , pp. 412-417.
  • Dirk Holtbrügge : Customer-driven Internationalization Strategies in Emerging Markets. The Case of Schaeffler . In: Dirk Holtbrügge, Helmut Haussmann (Ed.): The Internationalization of Firms. Case Studies from the Nürnberg Metropolitan Region (Nürnberger Edition on International Management, Volume 7), Rainer Hampp Verlag, Augsburg, Munich, 2nd edition 2017, pp. 62–72, ISBN 978-3-95710-198-3 .

Web links

Commons : Schaeffler Group  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Securities sales prospectus for the IPO of Schaeffler AG, October 7, 2015, Section 14.1.
  2. ↑ a b c Schaeffler Group: Annual Report 2019 (PDF) Retrieved on July 5, 2020 .
  3. ↑ CONTEMPORARY HISTORY: Trace to Auschwitz? - DER SPIEGEL 12/2009. Retrieved June 14, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Katarzyna painter: Kościół na katolicki ziemi głubczyckiej w latach 1742-1945. Dzieje pruskiej części archidiecezji ołomunieckiej - komisariatu kietrzańskiego i wikariatu generalnego w Branicach . Tom I . Stowarzyszenie Lokalna Grupa Działania "Płaskowyż Dobrej Ziemi". Opole, Kietrz 2017, p. 170, ISBN 978-83938215-1-8 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h Gregor Schöllgen: Schaeffler's dark shadow. In: Cicero . March 2009, accessed October 7, 2019 .
  6. ↑ a b Cornelia Rauh: “Applied History” as an apologetics agency? How to “capitalize” company history at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). In: Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte , vol. 56 (2011), issue 1, pp. 102–115.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Nils Klawitter: Trace to Auschwitz? In: Der Spiegel . No. 12 , 2009, p. 76 f . ( online - March 16, 2009 ).
  8. ↑ a b Teresa Kudyba: Czy Niemcy wesprą firm z hitlerowską przeszłością. In: Gazeta.pl . March 4, 2009, Retrieved October 10, 2019 (Polish).
  9. ↑ Miroslaw Sikora: The armory of the "Third Reich". The German armaments industry in Upper Silesia during the Second World War (Bochum Studies on Technology and Environmental History, Volume 3). Translated from Polish by David Skrabania. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2014, p. 200 f, ISBN 978-3-8375-1190-1 .
  10. ↑ The reference to incendiary bombs can be found in Miroslaw Sikora: The armory of the "Third Reich". The German armaments industry in Upper Silesia during the Second World War (Bochum Studies on Technology and Environmental History, Volume 3). Translated from Polish by David Skrabania. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2014, p. 328, ISBN 978-3-8375-1190-1 . It was therefore, among other things, type 4 bombs . For these see Brand 4 CH, Brand 4 CHl, Brand 4 D / NP 30, Brand 4 Na. In: http://michaelhiske.de . Retrieved April 15, 2020 . .
  11. ↑ Key words on the camp in the directory of concentration camp-like camps and detention centers as well as of institutions and companies in which forced labor was performed (formerly directory of detention sites of the Foundation EVZ ) on the website of the Federal Archives , accessed on October 7, 2019.
  12. ↑ Kietrz, Poland bearing 92. Zapomniane obozy nazistowskie. In: fotohistoria.pl. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013 ; Retrieved October 14, 2019 (Polish, information from contemporary witnesses Barbara Kruczkowska and Józefa Posch-Kotyrba).
  13. ↑ Miroslaw Sikora: The armory of the "Third Reich". The German armaments industry in Upper Silesia during the Second World War (Bochum Studies on Technology and Environmental History, Volume 3). Translated from Polish by David Skrabania. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2014, p. 215, ISBN 978-3-8375-1190-1 .
  14. ↑ See the photos and captions in Schaeffler - the dark past. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . March 2, 2009, accessed October 13, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Introduction . In: The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 . Volume 16. The Auschwitz concentration camp 1942-1945 and the time of the death marches 1944/45 . Edited by Andrea Rudorff . Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, Boston 2018, p. 28. ISBN 978-3-11-036503-0 .
  16. ↑ See Plant II Carpets and Spinning Mill , shown in the Süddeutsche Zeitung on March 2, 2009.
  17. ^ A b Andrzej Strzelecki: The recovery of the corpses . In: Hefte von Auschwitz , 21 (2000) pp. 101–164, here p. 122.
  18. ↑ a b c Andrzej Strzelecki: The plunder of victims and their corpses . In: Israel Gutman , Michael Berenbaum (eds.): Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp , Indiana University Press in collaboration with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Bloomington 1994, pp. 246–266, here p. 261 . ISBN 0-253-32684-2 .
  19. ^ Andrzej Strzelecki: The recovery of the corpses . In: Hefte von Auschwitz , 21 (2000) pp. 101–164, here p. 123.
  20. ^ Reprints of the reports from 1946, 1947 and 1949 can be found in Andrzej Strzelecki: Die Verwertung der Leichen . In: Hefte von Auschwitz , 21 (2000) pp. 101–164, here pp. 157–164.
  21. ↑ See already Kazimierz Smoleń: Auschwitz 1949–1945. Guide-Book trouth the Museum . Fourth Edition. Published by Państwowe Muzeum W Oświęcimiu, 1972, p. 34.
  22. ^ Andrzej Strzelecki: The recovery of the corpses . In: Hefte von Auschwitz , 21 (2000) pp. 101–164, here p. 122, note 45.
  23. ↑ See Andrzej Strzelecki: The recovery of the corpses of the victims , in: Wacław Długoborski , Franciszek Piper (Ed.): Auschwitz, 1940–1945. Studies on the history of the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp. Volume 2: The Prisoners. Conditions of existence, work and death . Verlag des Staatliches Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, Oświe̜cim 1999, pp. 483–506, here p. 497, note 34. ISBN 83-85047-76-X . Here the names of witnesses can be found for these events (operating staff: Julian Kirschke, Henryk Linkwitz; former prisoners: Jósef Odi, Jerzy Pozimski).
  24. ↑ The statements of these witnesses are kept in the Auschwitz Museum. APMO Collections Explanations , B. 125, Bl. 32, 33. According to Andrzej Strzelecki: The recovery of the corpses . In: Hefte von Auschwitz , 21 (2000) pp. 101–164, here p. 122, note 45.
  25. ↑ This transport was carried out by the former concentration camp inmates Jósef Odi and Jerzy Pozimski. See Teresa Kudyba: Czy Niemcy wesprą firmę z hitlerowską przeszłością. In: Gazeta.pl. March 4, 2009, Retrieved October 10, 2019 (Polish). For Jósef Odi see Adam Cyra : Auschwitz, ich dom. In: dzieje.pl. July 11, 2017, accessed October 10, 2019 (Polish). For Jerzy Pozimski, a Righteous Among the Nations and a witness in the 1st Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial , see the information on the Yad Vashem website , accessed on October 10, 2019.
  26. ↑ Did German Firm Schaeffler Process Hair From Auschwitz? In: Spiegel Online (international). March 2, 2009, accessed October 7, 2019 .
  27. ↑ Tim Schanetzky: The Follower Factory. Erlangen access to "modern corporate history" . In: accumulation. Information from the Working Group for Critical Company and Industrial History, No. 31/2011, pp. 3–10.
  28. ↑ Toni Pierenkemper: “Modern” company history on familiar (wrong) paths? In: Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte , vol. 57 (2012) pp. 70–85.
  29. ↑ Honorary Citizen Dr. Wilhelm Schaeffler (1908 to 1981). For the 100th birthday . In: Official Gazette of the City of Herzogenaurach . March 27, 2008. Archived from the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  30. ↑ 50 years of Schaeffler Herzogenaurach (PDF; 206 kB) In: Herzogenauracher Heimatblatt . City of Herzogenaurach. November 6, 1997. Archived from the original on April 4, 2013. Retrieved on November 23, 2013.
  31. ↑ a b c d Company information on milestones in its history (1946–1960) ( Memento from April 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  32. ↑ Dirk Holtbrügge: Customer-driven Internationalization Strategies in Emerging Markets. The Case of Schaeffler . In: Dirk Holtbrügge, Helmut Haussmann (Ed.): The Internationalization of Firms. Case Studies from the Nürnberg Metropolitan Region , Augsburg, Munich, 2nd ed. 2017, pp. 62–72, here p. 66.
  33. ↑ a b c Company information about milestones in its history (1961–1980) ( Memento from April 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  34. ↑ a b c d e Company information on milestones in its history (1981–2000) ( Memento from April 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  35. ^ Richard Winkler: Schaeffler, Georg. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 22 (2005), pp. 522-523 ( online version ). Retrieved October 7, 2019 .
  36. ↑ Dirk Holtbrügge: Customer-driven Internationalization Strategies in Emerging Markets. The Case of Schaeffler . In: Dirk Holtbrügge, Helmut Haussmann (Ed.): The Internationalization of Firms. Case Studies from the Nürnberg Metropolitan Region , Augsburg, Munich, 2nd ed. 2017, pp. 62–72, here p. 63.
  37. ↑ Takeover of FAG Kugelfischer successful. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (faz.net). October 22, 2001, Retrieved October 8, 2019 .
  38. ↑ Kugelfischer: FAG gives up. In: Der Tagesspiegel . October 15, 2001, accessed October 8, 2019 .
  39. ↑ FAG Kugelfischer AG: Ad hoc announcement (on objections to the squeeze-out). In: www.dgap.de. February 7, 2003, accessed October 8, 2019 .
  40. ↑ Wirtschaftsblatt: Austrian woman reaches for Continental ( Memento from October 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  41. ↑ Takeover battle ended: Conti for Schaeffler entry . Archived message from ORF . Retrieved October 7, 2019.
  42. ↑ a b c SPIEGEL online: Reports about state aid pull Conti shares deep into the red , accessed on January 26, 2009.
  43. ↑ Employee initiative : We are Schaeffler too ( Memento from February 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  44. ↑ Handelsblatt - Schaeffler promises repayment of possible government aid (accessed on February 21, 2009)
  45. ↑ Handelsblatt - Schaeffler makes far-reaching concessions (accessed on February 23, 2009)
  46. ↑ Angela Maier: Schaeffler hires Rosenfeld as chief financial officer ( memento from March 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Financial Times Deutschland from March 18, 2009.
  47. ↑ Linde boss Reitzle new head of the Conti Supervisory Board on October 19, 2009
  48. ↑ Financial Times - The Kitzbüheler Conti-Coup ( Memento from October 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on January 7, 2010)
  49. ^ Frankfurter Rundschau - The turning point at Schaeffler (accessed on February 3, 2010)
  50. ↑ Torsten Ackermann: Schaeffler dares IPO - Germany is about to go public with billions. In: lynxbroker.de. September 29, 2015, accessed April 16, 2020 .
  51. ↑ Schaeffler goes public. Retrieved March 8, 2018 .
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  53. ↑ Continental major shareholder: Schaeffler makes the leap on the stock exchange , handelsblatt.com, October 8, 2015
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Coordinates: 49 ° 33 ′ 47 "  N , 10 ° 53 ′ 16"  E