Haguenau

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Hagenau (disambiguation) .

Haguenau
region	Grand Est
Department	Bas-Rhin
Arrondissement	Haguenau-Wissembourg
Canton	Haguenau
Community association	Haguenau
Coordinates	48 ° 49 '  N , 7 ° 47'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 49 '  N , 7 ° 47'  E
height	115-203 m
surface	182.59 km 2
Residents	34,504 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	189 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	67500
INSEE code	67180
Website	www.ville-haguenau.fr
Hagenau before 1903

Hagenau ( French : Haguenau [ agˈno ], Alsatian : Hàwenàu ) is a French municipality in the northeast of the Grand Est region (until 2015 Alsace ).

With 34,504 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017), the former imperial city is the second largest municipality in the Bas-Rhin department , the historic Lower Alsace , after Strasbourg . The Hagenau population grew between 1968 and 2006 from 22,644 to 34,891 inhabitants; however, since 2006 the population has been slowly declining again (2009: 34,648). The greater Haguenau area (aire urbaine) grew in the same period from 43,904 inhabitants (1968) to 64,562 inhabitants (2006).

The Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to the imperial city of Hagenau raised fell by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 to France and shares since then the fortunes of Alsace.

geography

The municipality of Hagenau is located around 25 kilometers north of the regional capital Strasbourg , around 40 kilometers west of Baden-Baden , around 50 kilometers southwest of Karlsruhe and around 75 kilometers southeast of the Saarland capital Saarbrücken at 145 m above sea level. NHN. The municipality located on the Moder is the capital of the Haguenau-Wissembourg arrondissement .

The Holy Forest (Forêt de Haguenau) surrounding the municipality is the largest closed forest area in the Alsatian plain.

history

The Heilige or Hageneuer Forest was the hunting ground of the Dukes of Swabia . At the beginning of the 12th century, Duke Friedrich the One-Eyed had a moated castle built in the river Moder , which his son, Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa , expanded into a palace (see Kaiserpfalz Hagenau ). Friedrich the One-Eyed (1090–1147) founded the Cistercian convent Koenigsbruck (Königsbrück) in the Hagenauer Forest around 1140 . In 1164 Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa elevated the place, which he valued as a residence, to a city. For decades, the Palatinate was the seat of the Hohenstaufen government , where the Reichstag was held. The imperial insignia were kept in the Palatine Chapel .

Around 1260 Rudolf von Habsburg rearranged his territories and made Hagenau the seat of the Oberlandvogtei ; In 1354 the city became the capital of the Alsatian League of Ten Cities and flourished until the outbreak of the Thirty Years War . During this phase of the economic boom, princes and theologians met in the Hagenau Religious Discussion in 1540 to negotiate conditions for the coexistence of Protestants and Catholics.

As a result of the Peace of Westphalia , Hagenau fell to France in 1648. The ten-city federation did not want to give up the privileges of a free imperial city and resisted. As part of the so-called reunion policy , Louis XIV had the ten cities conquered in 1673 and 1674, their fortifications razed and placed under the French provincial administration. So Hagenau was burned down by the troops of the French general Joseph de Montclar . The imperial palace was razed to the ground (the rubble was built into the Vauban border fortress Fort-Louis ). On the site of the completely destroyed palace complex, a Jesuit college was built from 1730 to 1738 , which was converted into a barracks in 1767 and has served as a retirement home since 1961. In the courtyard of this Maison de Retraite there has been a Staufer stele since 2012 , reminding of the Staufer's former favorite seat .

In the years of peace between the Dutch War (1672–1679) and the Palatinate War of Succession (1688–1697), Montclar developed a nursery for fruit trees on the land of the Marquis of Uxelles, Nicolas Chalon du Blé , in Kintzheim and Hagenau. The church of the Königsbrück monastery that no longer exists today was built by Peter Thumb in 1728 ; the monastery existed until the French Revolution . The Hôtel de Koenigsbruck (Grande-Rue 142) still exists in Haguenau today . In 1846 Hageneu had 11,352 inhabitants.

From 1871 to 1919 the city belonged to the German Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine . This was incorporated into the German Empire in the Peace of Frankfurt after the Franco-German War in 1870/71 . From 1876 to 1882 it was the garrison town of the Lauenburg Jäger Battalion No. 9 , who had been transferred from Ratzeburg . Around 1900 Hagenau had two Protestant and two Catholic churches, a synagogue , a grammar school with a secondary school , a museum and a city library and was the seat of a local court .

Towards the end of the First World War , the Reichsland was occupied by French troops without a fight after the Armistice of Compiègne in 1918 and later came back to France through the provisions of the Versailles Treaty .

From 1940 to 1945 Alsace , which was occupied by the German Reich , was again under German civil administration. During the last German offensive on the western front (" Operation North Wind ") in January and February 1945, Hagenau, which had meanwhile been liberated by US troops, was the scene of heavy trench warfare and was largely destroyed.

Demographics

Annual population figures while belonging to the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine (1871–1819)

year	population	Remarks
1872	11,427
1890	14,752	3891 Protestants, 10,243 Catholics, 594 Jews
1900	17,993	with the garrison (an infantry regiment No. 137, a dragoon regiment No. 15, a field artillery regiment No. 31 and a division of field artillery No. 67), of which 4706 are Protestants, 561 Jews
1905	18,737
1910	18,868

Number of inhabitants since the middle of the 20th century

1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2013
20,457	22,944	25,147	26,629	27,675	32.206	34,891	34,419

Attractions

• Musée historique de Haguenau , the largest museum in the Bas-Rhin outside of Strasbourg
• Musée alsacien de Haguenau , housed in the late Gothic building of the former chancellery
• Musée du bagage , unique luggage museum in Europe
• Romanesque and Gothic Saint-Georges church
• Gothic Saint-Nicolas church with baroque furnishings
• Remains of the medieval city fortifications: Porte de Wissembourg , Tour des Pêcheurs , Tour des Chevaliers
• Fountain: Georgenbrunnen (Middle Ages), bee fountain (18th century), dolphin fountain (1825)
• Classicist synagogue (1820, destroyed by the Nazis in 1940, rebuilt in 1959)
• Classicist theater (1842–1846)
• Historic hop hall (1867, expanded in 1881 and 1908)
• Old watermill
• Late medieval Ancienne douane (Old Customs House)
• Baroque town houses (18th century)
• Staufer stele on the site of the destroyed imperial palace in the courtyard of the Maison de Retraite in Rue du Château 1 . The stele , inaugurated in 2006, was originally located in Rue de la Moder 4b and was moved in 2012 to the new, historically authentic location that was actually planned from the beginning.

In the district of Marienthal is a pilgrimage church, the former monastery church of the monastery Marienthal .

See also : List of the Monuments historiques in Haguenau

• 

  Fisherman's gate

• 

  Knight tower

• 

  Weissenburg Gate

• 

  History Museum

• 

  Alsatian Museum (Former Chancellery)

• 

  George Church

• 

  Bee well

• 

  Nikolaikirche

• 

  town hall

• 

  Hop hall view from the east

• 

  Hop hall view from the west

• 

  Haguenau synagogue

• 

  Maison de Retraite from the west

• 

  Memorial plaque to the Kaiserpfalz at the Maison de Retraite

• 

  Staufer column in the courtyard of the Maison de Retraite

• 

  City Theatre

• 

  15th century fountain

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Entrance building of the Hagenau train station

Hagenau is on the Vendenheim – Wissembourg railway and on the Haguenau – Falck-Hargarten railway ; the latter is only used to Niederbronn, from Hagenau. Furthermore, the city runs through Departementsstraße 263 (former national road 63 ), which forms the axis Strasbourg - Wissembourg (- Weinheim via B 38 ) in a north-south direction . Departementsstraße 1062 (former national road 62 ) branches off from this in the city center and goes westwards via Bitsch to the German border in Zweibrücken . The airfield Haguenau serves the general aviation.

education

A branch of the University of Strasbourg has been located in Haguenau since 2006 , the Institut universitaire de technologie de Haguenau .

Town twinning

A town partnership has been maintained with Landau in der Pfalz ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) since 1963.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Josel von Rosheim (1476–1554), legal scholar
• Wolfgang Capito (1478–1541), reformer
• Heinrich Gran (active 1489–1527), printer
• Josias Rihel the Elder (1525–1597), printer in Strasbourg from 1557 to 1597
• Caspar Bitsch (1579–1636), legal scholar
• Philipp Friedrich Böddecker (1607–1683), composer and organist
• Xaver Joseph Nessel (1834–1918), mayor from 1870 to 1902, archaeologist
• Léon Cahun (1841–1900), writer and orientalist
• Louis Eisenmann (1869–1937), Slavist and historian
• Georg Clemens Müller (1875–1920), doctor, member of the Landtag of the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine for the center
• Fritz Schmiege (1880–1974), lawyer and district administrator at the time of National Socialism
• Karl Gengler (1886–1974), politician, member of the state parliament
• Eduard Schott (1886–1952), German physician
• Eduard Stadtler (1886–1945), member of the Reichstag
• Johannes Stroux (1886–1954), philologist, ancient historian
• Paulus Volk (1889–1976), church historian
• Paul Senge (1890–1913), aircraft pioneer
• Kurt von Westernhagen (1891–1945), officer
• Peter Stühlen (1900–1982), writer
• Alfred von Beckerath (1901–1978), composer and conductor
• Werner Barkholt (1902–1942), Catholic clergyman and martyr
• Lucien Sittler (1905–1987), writer, historian, city archivist of Colmar
• Bruno-Augustin Hippel (1907–1970), Catholic bishop of Oudtshoorn
• Richard Gehenn (1916 – after 1962), geologist
• Pierre Seel (1923–2005), concentration camp survivor
• Marie-Louise Roth (1926–2014), literary scholar
• Marcel Loeffler (* 1956), jazz musician
• Anne Sander (* 1973), French politician
• Sébastien Loeb (* 1974), rally driver and Knight of the Legion of Honor
• Isabelle Grussenmeyer (* 1979), songwriter
• Stéphane Besle (* 1984), football player
• Serdar Gürler (* 1991), soccer player
• Baptiste Mischler (* 1997), track and field athlete

People associated with the city

• Heinrich von Hailfingen the Untouched was from 1337-1340 mayor of Hagenau and from 1348 Vogt there .
• Blanca of England (1392-1409), English princess and by marriage of Ludwig III. (Pfalz) , Countess Palatine near the Rhine. She died on May 22nd, 1409 in Haguenau and was transferred in a ceremonial procession to Neustadt an der Weinstrasse , where she rests in the local collegiate church .
• Diebold Lauber (before 1427 – after 1471), publisher
• Diebold Schilling the Younger (before 1460–1515 (?)), Chronicler
• Joseph Guerber (1824–1909), writer and journalist, vicar in Hagenau
• Alfred Döblin (1878–1957), German writer, stationed in Hagenau as a military doctor from 1917 to 1919
• Elek Schwartz (1908–2000), Romanian football player and coach

literature

• Le Patrimoine des Communes du Bas-Rhin . Flohic Editions, Volume 1, Charenton-le-Pont 1999, ISBN 2-84234-055-8 , pp. 431-463.
• Adam Walther Strobel and Heinrich Engelhardt: Patriotic history of Alsace from the earliest times to the revolution in 1789, continued from the revolution in 1789 to 1813 .
  • Volume 1. Second edition. Strasbourg 1851 ( e-copy ).
  • Volume 2, Strasbourg 1842 ( e-copy )
  • Volume 3, Strasbourg 1843 ( e-copy ), 2nd edition, continued from the revolution from 1789 to 1815, by L. Heinrich Engelhardt, Strasbourg 1851 ( e-copy )
  • Volume 4, Strasbourg 1844 ( e-copy ).
  • Volume 5. Second edition. Strasbourg 1851 ( e-copy ).
  • Volume 6. Second edition. Strasbourg 1851 ( e-copy ).

Web links

Commons : Haguenau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Haguenau  - Sources and full texts

• The sights of Hagenau
• "A la découverte de la Ville de Haguenau d'hier et d'aujourd'hui"
• The IUT Haguenau
• Historical map as a digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Commune: Haguenau (67180) ( Memento of the original from April 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , recensement.insee.fr.  
2. ↑ Commune: Haguenau (67180). ( Memento of the original from April 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Results of the recensement of the population - 2009.  
3. ↑ Aire urbaine 1999: Haguenau (121)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , recensement insee.fr.  
4. ↑ Haguenau 2006 on stauferstelen.net. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
6. ^ Siegfried von Ziegner: History of the Lauenburg Jäger Battalion No. 9. 1902.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 8, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p. 618 ( Zeno.org )
8. ^ Complete geographic-topographical-statistical local lexicon of Alsace-Lorraine. Contains: the cities, towns, villages, castles, communities, hamlets, mines and steel works, farms, mills, ruins, mineral springs, etc. with details of the geographical location, factory, industrial and other commercial activity, the post, railway u. Telegraph stations and the like historical notes etc. Adapted from official sources by H. Rudolph. Louis Zander, Leipzig 1872, Sp. 21 ( online )
9. ↑ Peter Koblank: The missing royal palace of Haguenau. On the trail of a Hohenstaufen moated castle in Alsace. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
10. ^ Alfred Döblin: "My address is: Saargemünd". Searching for traces in a border region. Gollenstein, Merzig 2010, ISBN 978-3-938823-55-2 , pp. 82-86, 306-307. Döblin also processed this period literarily in: November 1918. A German Revolution . Narrative work in three parts. Part 1. Citizens and soldiers . First published in 1949/50; current issue: S. Fischer, Frankfurt / M. 1991, ISBN 3-530-16700-2 .