Lauterbourg
| Lauterbourg | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Grand Est | |
| Department | Bas-Rhin | |
| Arrondissement | Haguenau-Wissembourg | |
| Canton | Wissembourg | |
| Community association | Plaine du Rhin | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 59 ′ N , 8 ° 10 ′ E | |
| height | 104-129 m | |
| surface | 11.25 km 2 | |
| Residents | 2,304 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 205 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 67630 | |
| INSEE code | 67261 | |
| Website | http://www.mairie-lauterbourg.fr/ | |
 Town Hall ( Hôtel de ville ) |
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Lauterbourg [ lotɛʀˈbuːʀ ] (German Lauterburg ) is a French commune with 2304 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region (until 2015 Alsace ). It is named after the Lauter river , where the place is located.
geography
Lauterbourg is the easternmost municipality on the French mainland and is located directly on the German border near Karlsruhe . At the confluence of the Alte Lauter (a partially silted oxbow lake of the Lauter) in the Rhine is the easternmost point of the French mainland.
Several small lakes lie in the plain; one of them is connected to the Rhine . The largest pool is the Basin des Mouettes . The Lauter river forms the border with Germany (Palatinate) in the north. Neulauterburg , which belongs to the municipality of Berg , follows immediately north of Lauterbourg on German territory . Neighboring communities in France are Scheibenhard in the west, Neewiller-près-Lauterbourg in the southwest and Mothern in the south. On the German side, east of the Rhine, are the municipalities of Elchesheim-Illingen and Au am Rhein .
history
In Roman times there was probably a Roman fort called Tribuni on the old road from Basel to Mainz , strategically located at the crossing of the Lauter . The Roman troops stationed there withdrew in 405.
middle Ages
After defeating the Alemanni in 496, the Franks settled north of the Seltzbach . As a remnant from this time, a southern Franconian dialect is still spoken there, while an Alemannic dialect has been preserved south of the Seltzbach. When the Franconian Empire was divided by the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the Lauterbourg area fell to Lorraine and, after lengthy battles, was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire founded by Otto I in 962 . Otto's wife, the Burgundian princess Adelheid , founded a monastery in Seltz a few kilometers south .
According to documents from the years 1083 and 1103, Heinrich IV. Transferred Lauterbourg's possessions to the diocese of Speyer . These included land, a forest, and the associated hunting and fishing rights . The city expanded in the following years and received market rights in 1252 . Soon afterwards it was the seat of a bailiwick that included 20 communities on both sides of the Lauter. To protect the city, a double wall ring with 12 towers was built. The prince-bishops of Speyer resided in a castle above the Lauter.
Early modern age
During the 17th century the city suffered greatly from wars. It was passed repeatedly by troops who had to be housed and taken care of. There were seizures, looting, famines and epidemics that ultimately drove the city to ruin. With the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Lauterbourg and Alsace fell to the Kingdom of France . However, the principalities of Lower Alsace were still subject to the German Empire, which led to renewed wars and the destruction of Lauterbourg in 1678.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the city, which now served as a fortified base at the eastern end of the Lauter Line, was rebuilt by the French. After the overthrow of Napoleon Bonaparte , the Lauter was established as the fixed border of France at the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
With the Peace of Frankfurt passed in 1871, Lauterbourg belonged to the German Empire and experienced its first industrialization in the period that followed . A railway line and a port on the Rhine with a coal terminal were built . With the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, the city moved back to France.
Second World War
In the 1930s Lauterbourg found itself in an uncomfortable position between the Maginot Line and the Siegfried Line . When the Second World War broke out on September 1, 1939, the population was evacuated to Saint-Priest-Taurion and Saint-Just-le-Martel in the Haute-Vienne department . In May 1940 the lower town was completely destroyed. After the annexation of Alsace by Nazi Germany , some of the refugees returned to the shattered city. The Alsatians were assigned to the Reich Labor Service (RAD) from 1942 and then forcibly recruited into the Wehrmacht , which was a blatant violation of international law . Many of the “ Malgré-nous ” lost their lives on the Eastern Front .
On December 15, 1944, Lauterbourg's first attempt at liberation was made by the 79th US Infantry Division , which, however , was surprised by Operation Nordwind a little later . Fearful of being cut off from their backers, the Americans were on the verge of retreating as far as the Vosges line. Thanks to the intervention of Charles de Gaulle and Winston Churchill , however, they held their position and the German offensive could be stopped at Hatten - Rittershoffen . The final liberation of Lauterbourg took place on March 19, 1945 by the 1st French Army in Operation Undertone .
post war period
After the World War, Lauterbourg was rebuilt and some industrial companies settled at the Rhine harbor. In recent times, many historical monuments have been restored.
politics
The city is located in the Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg and in the canton of Wissembourg . It is represented by five delegates in the Communauté de communes de la Lauter .
Population development
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2004 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 1795 | 2161 | 2442 | 2467 | 2372 | 2269 | 2247 | 2304 |
Attractions
In the center of the city is the Catholic Trinity Church , whose choir was built during the tenure of Bishop Matthias von Rammung in 1467. The current church was essentially built in 1716. The mission cross near the church , a crucifixion group made of stone, also dates back to the 15th century.
After the destruction of Lauterbourg Castle, Bishop Heinrich Hattardus had a new bishop's palace built in 1716 . This later served as the commandant's apartment and now as a schoolhouse.
The butcher's tower and the Landau gate are tower structures of the medieval fortress wall, which was once provided with 15 towers. The Landau Gate goes back to the medieval lower tower , which was demolished in 1706, whereupon the gate was built in its current form.
Another attraction is the Jewish cemetery , which was laid out in 1875. The oldest grave dates from 1877. There are also some interesting grave monuments in the Christian cemetery. It was created at this point in 1797.
The former royal barracks are located on Rue de Caserne. It was built in 1739 at the city's expense, but not completed. In 1775 the king took possession of them as royal barracks (Caserne royale). From 1882 to 1960 it served as a factory for fermenting and processing tobacco. In 1963 the building was acquired by the city.
The Notre-Dame-du-Bon-Secours pilgrimage chapel is on Rue de Chapelle . In addition to Mary, the chapel is also dedicated to Saints Sebastian and Rochus . It was originally built outside the city near a cemetery for victims of the plague . Above the portal is the year 1667 and the coat of arms of Lothar Friedrich von Metternich-Burscheid , the then Bishop of Speyer . It was a popular place of pilgrimage in the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1793 it was occupied, destroyed and sold by soldiers. In 1804 it was returned to the parish.
Economy and Infrastructure
Lauterbourg station has existed since 1876 as a station on the Wörth – Strasbourg line and through this the community is connected to the SNCF and Deutsche Bahn networks. Lauterbourg is also a member of the Rhein-Neckar transport association and the Karlsruhe transport association . There are no overhead lines , so only diesel trains can run. The French A35 motorway ends at Lauterbourg and joins the German federal highway 9 .
There is a metal works, chemical plant and fertilizer plant in the city. Other larger operations are a new vehicle delivery and distribution warehouse between the train station and the port, as well as a large gravel works. There is also a port on the Rhine . The port is mainly used for the transport of goods. Tankers supply the chemical and fertilizer plant with raw materials, while bridge components are loaded from the metal plant.
Sports
The rugby club ASL Lauterbourg celebrated its greatest success in the 2006/2007 season with an Alsace championship.
Personalities
- Rucker von Lauterburg (approx. 1400–1466), rector of the University of Leipzig , canon and vicar general in the Prince Diocese of Speyer
- Jakob Otter (1485–1547), reformer, born in Lauterburg
- Charles Adam (1848–1917), Mayor of Lauterburg
- Paul Schmitthenner (1884–1972), architect of homeland security architecture and university professor
- Henri Roessler (1910–1978), footballer
literature
- Le Patrimoine des Communes du Bas-Rhin . Flohic Editions, Volume 1, Charenton-le-Pont 1999, ISBN 2-84234-055-8 , pp. 561-568.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h History of Lauterbourg. Official city website, accessed November 28, 2012 (French).
- ↑ Brigitte Parent: Cimetière juif. In: Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. September 24, 2011, accessed on August 11, 2019 (French).
- ^ Brigitte Parent: Cimetière de catholiques et de protestants (cimetière chrétien). In: Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. September 24, 2011, accessed on August 11, 2019 (French).
- ^ Brigitte Parent: Caserne royale. In: Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. September 5, 2013, accessed August 11, 2019 (French).
- ^ Brigitte Parent: Chapelle de pèlerinage Notre-Dame-du-Bon-Secours. In: Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. September 5, 2013, accessed August 11, 2019 (French).