Brumath

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Brumath
Brumath coat of arms
Brumath (France)
Brumath
region Grand Est
Department Bas-Rhin
Arrondissement Haguenau-Wissembourg
Canton Brumath
Community association Haguenau
Coordinates 48 ° 44 '  N , 7 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 44 '  N , 7 ° 42'  E
height 136-189 m
surface 29.54 km 2
Residents 9,986 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 338 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 67170
INSEE code 67067
Website www.brumath.fr

Brumath Town Hall

Brumath , pronounced [bry.ˈmat] (fr.) Or [ˈbruːmaːt] (Ger.), Is a French commune with 9986 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region (until 2015 Alsace ) . On January 1, 2015, Brumath moved from the Arrondissement Strasbourg-Campagne to the Arrondissement Haguenau-Wissembourg .

geography

Brumath is 17 km north of Strasbourg and 13 km south of Hagenau on the north bank of the Zorn , whose valley, bordered by hills in the Alsatian lowlands, opens up to the Rhine lowlands. The street village of Stephansfeld, south of the Zorn, also belongs to the urban area .

The traffic routes leading from Paris to Strasbourg bend south at Brumath:

  • The Rhine-Marne Canal is accompanied by an asphalt cycle path.
  • The main railway line has belonged to LGV Est européenne since 2007 , the new line of which ended in Baudrecourt until 2016 . Regional trains also run between Strasbourg and Zabern and stop in Brumath. The railway line from Strasbourg to Hagenau in the north runs far east of the town.
  • The Autobahn Autoroute A4 passes close to the southwest.

The traditional main streets of the old town, on the other hand, are aligned parallel to the Zorn and thus aim at the Rhine crossing at the Gambsheim barrage 15 km to the east .

The road from Brumath to Strasbourg was part of Route nationale 63 until 2006 .

history

prehistory

Brumath is one of the few places in Alsace with a history of more than 6000 years of settlement. Numerous finds from the Neolithic , the Bronze Age and the Gallo-Roman epoch bear witness to this. The place was once the capital of the Gallic tribe of the Triboker and became after the conquest by the Roman general Caesar in the year 58 BC. Known as the location of a thermal bath. In the emerging Gallo-Roman culture, Brocomagus was the largest civilian settlement in the region for four centuries. Strasbourg , which later became so important , then: Argentorate , was on the other hand a legionary camp , a military base.

Early middle ages

After being occupied by the Alamanni in the 5th century, Brumath came under the rule of the Franks . It remained an important center during the Merovingian and Carolingian times . Numerous kings and emperors came here, including Charlemagne in 772, Otto II in 979 and Heinrich II in 1023.

As documented in the Lorsch Codex , on November 27, 889 , the East Franconian King Arnulf of Carinthia donated his domain Bruochmagat in Elisatia , that is Brumath in Alsace , to the imperial abbey of Lorsch . Brumath became a suburb of the Landgraviate of Nordgau .

High Middle Ages

The Staufer Friedrich II transferred the Lorsch Abbey and its possessions to the Archbishopric of Mainz in 1232 .

The nearby river Zorn harbored the risk of recurring floods, but at the same time it was used commercially by the inhabitants: mills, tanneries and hemp-quarries were built on the banks of the Zorn. The lordship over the place , which was divided between the two noble families of Lichtenberg and Leiningen , provided plenty of explosive fuel for armed conflicts - counterproductive for the development of the city .

Late Middle Ages

From the Landgraviate, half of Brumath came to the rule of Lichtenberg . In 1335 the country was divided between the middle and the younger line of the House of Lichtenberg . The Lichtenberg half of Brumath fell to the descendants of Johann III, who died early . von Lichtenberg , who established the middle line of the house. In 1332 Johann II von Lichtenberg bought the second half of Brumath from the older line of the house. In 1347 the Lords of Lichtenberg procured the town rights , namely that of Hagenau. In the rule of Lichtenberg it belonged to the Amt Brumath .

Anna von Lichtenberg (* 1442; † 1474), one of Ludwig V's two heirs, married Count Philip I the Elder of Hanau-Babenhausen (* 1417; † 1480) in 1458, who had a small secondary school from the County of Hanau had received in order to be able to marry her. The county of Hanau-Lichtenberg came into being through the marriage . After the death of the last Lichtenberger, Count Jakob, one of Anna's uncle, Philip I d. Ä. In 1480 half of the Lichtenberg rule, the other half went to his brother-in-law, Simon IV. Wecker von Zweibrücken-Bitsch . The Brumath office was initially a condominium between Hanau-Lichtenberg and Zweibrücken-Bitsch. Under the government of Count Philip III. From Hanau-Lichtenberg there was then a real division: Brumath came entirely to Zweibrücken-Bitsch. In contrast, the Willstätt office , which also came from the Lichtenberg legacy and was a condominium between the two houses, was transferred entirely to the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg.

Early modern age

In 1570 there was another case of inheritance, which also brought the Brumath office to the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg: Count Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch (* 1510; † 1570) and his brother Simon V. Wecker , who died in 1540, each left only one daughter as heir . Count Jakob's daughter, Margarethe (* 1540; † 1569), was married to Philipp V von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1541; † 1599). The legacy resulting from this constellation also included the second half of the former Lichtenberg rule, which was not already governed by Hanau-Lichtenberg, and included the office and city of Brumath. The Lutheran denomination was introduced. In the Thirty Years War completely destroyed, Brumath recovered slowly over the following decades. As a result of France's reunion policy , the parts of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Alsace came under French sovereignty in 1680 . That was also true of Brumath. In 1717/1718 the Count of Hanau was able to use a patent letter from the French King Louis XV. Buy the sovereign rights to the town and castle Brumath, the hunting rights of the Stephansfelder Hospital and the sovereign rights to the villages of Krautweiler , Gries , Waltenheim and Arnsberg Castle for 25,000 livres from Kurmainz. They were no longer fiefs, but allod . 1736 died with Count Johann Reinhard III. the last male representative of the Hanau family . Due to the marriage of his only daughter, Charlotte (* 1700; † 1726), with the Hereditary Prince Ludwig (VIII.) (* 1691; † 1768) of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt , the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg - and thus Brumath - fell to there. In the course of the French Revolution , the left bank of the Hanau-Lichtenberg county - and with it Brumath again - fell to France.

Modern times

Only in the course of the 19th century did Brumath experience a marked economic upswing and a steady increase in population through the construction of the Rhine-Marne Canal and the Paris-Strasbourg railway line . In 1874, Rudolf Goethe became director of the Imperial Fruit and Horticultural School established there.

In the 1920s, Brumath became the location of the first radio station in Alsace. The facility, including a 200-meter-high transmission mast, was destroyed on June 15, 1940 by the French troops when they retreated.

Since September 26, 1970 there has been a town partnership with the Lower Bavarian town of Dingolfing .

Population development

year 1798 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2010 2017
Residents 2424 6801 7357 6888 7702 8182 8930 12,937 9986

Culture and sights

  • The Brumath Castle was 1722-1726 by the architect Christian Ludwig Hermann built and considerably rebuilt after the 1795th Since 1804 it has housed the Evangelical Church of Brumath.
  • The organ of the Lutheran Church, built by Michael Stiehr in 1810 , was classified as a Monument historique in 1973 .
  • The Musée archéologique de Brumath is located in the basement of the castle.
  • Synagogue : There was a significant Jewish community in Brumath in the past; it became the seat of the rabbinate in the 19th century . The first synagogue was built in 1801, the current one in 1844/45. Damaged and profaned during the German occupation, it was converted into a food depot in the post-war years. It has been used as a synagogue again since 1957.

  • Lutheran Church, formerly Brumath Castle

  • Brumath synagogue

  • Church of St. Nazarius and Celsus

Personalities

swell

  • Jean-Claude Brumm: Quelques dates importantes dan l'histoire… . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (ed.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480–1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 10f.
  • Fritz Eyer: The territory of the Lords of Lichtenberg 1202-1480. Investigations into the property, the rule and the politics of domestic power of a noble family from the Upper Rhine . In: Writings of the Erwin von Steinbach Foundation . 2nd edition, unchanged in the text, by an introduction extended reprint of the Strasbourg edition, Rhenus-Verlag, 1938. Volume 10 . Pfaehler, Bad Neustadt an der Saale 1985, ISBN 3-922923-31-3 (268 pages).
  • Friedrich Knöpp: Territorial holdings of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Hesse-Darmstadt . [typewritten] Darmstadt 1962. [Available in the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , signature: N 282/6].
  • Alfred Matt: Bailliages, prévôté et fiefs ayant fait partie de la Seigneurie de Lichtenberg, du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg, du Landgraviat de Hesse-Darmstadt . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (eds.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480–1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 7-9.
  • Jean-Luc Flohic (Ed.): Le Patrimoine des Communes du Bas-Rhin, Alsace . tape 2 . Edition Flohic, Charenton-le-Pont 1999, ISBN 2-84234-055-8 , p. 247 f .
  • Deed of donation from 889 (see link there: "Translation of the texts", "Wiesloch", certificate "50")

Web links

Commons : Brumath  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Brumat in the Topographia Alsatiae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/decret/2014/12/29/2014-1722/jo/texte
  2. ^ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Certificate 50, November 27, 889 - Reg. 3531. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 109 , accessed on January 13, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Eyer, p. 79.
  4. ↑ Eyer, p. 78.
  5. ↑ Eyer, p. 228f.
  6. ↑ Brumm, p. 11.
  7. ^ Matt, p. 7.