Triboker

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Map of the Germanic tribes around 50 AD (excluding Scandinavia)

The Triboker were a people who lived no later than 70 BC. In the area on the Rhine around Strasbourg and Haguenau . When exactly this tribe began to settle there cannot be proven for certain. The Triboker operated cattle and arable farming as well as iron smelting and stone mining in their settlement area.

First mentions by Caesar and Tacitus

The Triboker are first mentioned by the Roman general and author Gaius Iulius Caesar in De Bello Gallico , his report on his wars in Gaul . Around the year 70 BC Under the leadership of the Germanic prince Ariovistus, various tribes invaded the area of ​​the Gauls in search of new settlement areas. According to Caesar, the Gauls, who were under the protectorate of the Roman Empire , asked Rome for help. Caesar then names the Triboker as one of the seven tribes he found in a battle on the Rhine in 58 BC. Defeated BC. At the end of the 1st century AD, the Roman historian and senator Tacitus referred to Caesar, whom he called a high authority , and also mentions the Tribocians in his Germania .

Germans or Celts

Caesar calls the seven tribes of the Battle of the Rhine Germanic tribes. In addition to the Tribokern , Caesar mentions the Haruder , Marcomanni , Vangionen , Nemeter , Sedusier and Suebi in his war report . Today it is assumed that certain of the listed tribes like the Nemeters were originally Celts who settled in Germanic settlement areas before the battle and then joined the leadership of the Germanic prince Ariovistus. About the ethnic affiliation of the tribes in the right bank of the Rhine fore of the Rhine is in the 1st century BC. Little known due to the so-called " Helvetier wasteland ". The settlement in the imperial territory probably did not take place until the reign of Augustus . Notes from Caesar himself belong to the “geographical excursions” that were probably added to the work in Augustan times at the earliest. In addition to an indirect mention of the geographer Strabo, Caesar's own statement that after the defeat of Ariovistus all the Suebi fled across the Rhine is more likely .

Participation in the Treveri uprising

The Tribocians sent fighters to Iulius Classicus , leader of the Treveri and Roman usurper in the late 1st century, who wanted to establish a Gallic empire. After a few months this revolt against Rome was suppressed by Vespasian's general Petilius Cerialis .

4th century history

The settlement area of ​​the Triboker was devastated around 350 AD by the invasion of the Alamanni and then occupied by (other) Germans in 401 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Caesar, De bello Gallico 1, 51-54 .
  2. ^ Tacitus, Germania 28.
  3. ↑ Caesar, De bello Gallico 1, 51: Germani suas copias castris eduxerunt generatimque constituerunt .
  4. ^ Caesar, De bello Gallico 4, 10 and 6, 25.
  5. ^ Herbert Nesselhauf : The settlement of the Upper Rhine region in Roman times. In: Badische Fundberichte 19, 1951, pp. 71–85; Gertrud Lenz-Bernhard: Lopodunum III: The Neckarswebische settlement and Villa rustica in the "Ziegelscheuer" area: an investigation into the settlement history of the Upper Rhine Germans. Stuttgart 2003, p. 21 with further sources.
  6. ↑ Strabo 7, 1, 3.
  7. ^ Caesar, De bello Gallico 1, 53-54.
  8. ^ Tacitus, Historien 4, 59 .

literature