Niederbronn-les-Bains
| Niederbronn-les-Bains | ||
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| region | Grand Est | |
| Department | Bas-Rhin | |
| Arrondissement | Haguenau-Wissembourg | |
| Canton | Reichshoffen | |
| Community association | Pays de Niederbronn-les-Bains | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 57 ' N , 7 ° 39' E | |
| height | 180-577 m | |
| surface | 31.40 km 2 | |
| Residents | 4,404 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 140 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 67110 | |
| INSEE code | 67324 | |
 Town Hall ( Hôtel de ville ) |
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Niederbronn-les-Bains ( Bad Niederbronn ) is a French commune with 4404 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region (until 2015 Alsace ). The place is part of the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park .
geography
The community is located on the eastern edge of the Northern Vosges to the Rhine plain on the Falkensteinerbach .
history
Antiquity
The place became 48 BC. Chr. By the Romans established who discovered the healing power of Niederbronn sources. The first evidence of Roman bathing activity comes from the area of today's casino. In the 5th century , the settlement fell victim to the unrest of the Great Migration Period .
middle Ages
Niederbronn was sold in 1331 by the Counts of Ötingen , landgraves in Alsace, to the Lords of Ochsenstein , and some rights there a year later to the Lords of Lichtenberg . In particular, the Lichtensteiners owned Gülten there , which belonged to their Groß-Arnsberg castle and the local moated castle . This caused a permanent conflict over the place, in which the Ochsensteiner finally got the upper hand. In 1335 the land was divided between the middle and younger lines of the House of Lichtenberg . The moated castle fell to Ludwig III. von Lichtenberg , who founded the younger line of the house.
The last Herr von Ochsenstein, Georg, died in 1485. He was inherited by his sister Kunigunde, who had married Heinrich I von Zweibrücken-Bitsch .
Early modern age
In 1570 there was another inheritance, which brought the rule of Ochsenstein - and with it Niederbronn - to the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg : Count Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch (* 1510; † 1570) and his brother Simon V. Wecker , who died in 1540 , only left behind one daughter each as heiress. Count Jakob's daughter, Margarethe (* 1540; † 1569), was married to Philipp V von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1541; † 1599). The inheritance resulting from this constellation also included the rule of Ochsenstein. Philipp V von Hanau-Lichtenberg immediately carried out the Reformation in the inherited areas , which, like the rest of his dominion, now became Lutheran . The medicinal springs were rediscovered in the late 16th century. The De Dietrich family of industrialists has owned the springs since the 18th century
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With the reunion policy of France under King Louis XIV , the rule of Ochsenstein and Niederbronn came under French suzerainty. After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , the inheritance - and with it Niederbronn - fell in 1736 to the son of his only daughter, Charlotte , the hereditary prince and later Landgrave Ludwig (IX.) of Hesse-Darmstadt .
Modern times
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With the upheaval started by the French Revolution , Niederbronn became part of France and dissolved in the subsequent administrative reforms.
In the 18th century the Fonderie de Dietrich (foundry) was founded, which still exists today under different ownership as Fonderie de Niederbronn . Around 1900 Niederbronn was also the production site for de Dietrich automobiles for a few years , at times with Ettore Bugatti , whose production was discontinued after six years in 1904.
The Niederbronn sisters of the Order of the Sisters of the Divine Redeemer , founded here in 1849 and now based in Oberbronn , come from Niederbronn-les-Bains .
From 1871 to 1919 Bad Niederbronn belonged to the realm of Alsace-Lorraine and thus to the German Empire. It also belonged to the German Reich from 1940 to 1945.
Population development
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2010 | 2017 |
| Residents | 4074 | 4407 | 4461 | 4446 | 4372 | 4319 | 4366 | 4404 |
| Sources: Cassini and INSEE | ||||||||
Economy and tourism
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Niederbronn-les-Bains has two medicinal springs, the source romaine and the source celtique . They mainly help with rheumatic and degenerative diseases. Even today, tourism and bathing are at the heart of Niederbronn-les-Bains' economy. There is also a casino.
The archaeological museum of the Northern Vosges is located in Niederbronn-les-Bains.
15,472 dead, 95% of them German soldiers, but also soldiers from other nations and civilians, rest on the Niederbronn war cemetery.
In 1993, the Center Albert Schweitzer youth meeting center was founded to arrange Franco-German meetings.
Excursion destinations in the area are the Wasenburg castle ruins and the observation tower on the Great Wintersberg .
traffic
The community has a train station on the Haguenau – Falck-Hargarten line , with TER Alsace trains ending in Niederbronn today.
Sports
In Niederbronn-les-Bains, the Challenge France (a licensed offshoot of Challenge Roth ) was held in early summer from 2008 to 2010 - a triathlon over the middle distance. Around 1,200 athletes from all continents of the world face the challenge over the distances of 1.9 km swimming, 90 km cycling and 21.1 km running. The 1.9 km swim takes place in the Mouterhouse lake , which is about 19 km from Niederbronn , followed by cycling in the Northern Vosges Nature Park .
Personalities
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- Elisabeth Alphonsa Maria Eppinger (1814–1867), founder of the Order of the Sisters of the Divine Redeemer
- Franz Ludwig Fleck (also François Louis Fleck) (1824–1899), 100th Bishop of Metz (1886–1899)
- Eugène de Dietrich (1844–1918), industrialist and member of the Reichstag
- Adolf Ury (1849–1915), rabbi and member of the state parliament
- Suzanne de Dietrich (1891–1981), Protestant theologian
- Albert Derichsweiler (1909–1997), high-ranking student functionary during the Nazi era , including federal leader of the National Socialist German Student Union (NSDStB), after the war local and regional politician of the German Party and the FDP .
Parish partnership
Niederbronn-les-Bains has had a partnership with Bad Schönborn since 2001 .
literature
- Fritz Eyer: The territory of the Lords of Lichtenberg 1202-1480. Investigations into the property, the rule and the politics of domestic power of a noble family from the Upper Rhine . In: Writings of the Erwin von Steinbach Foundation . 2nd edition, unchanged in the text, by an introduction extended reprint of the Strasbourg edition, Rhenus-Verlag, 1938. Volume 10 . Pfaehler, Bad Neustadt an der Saale 1985, ISBN 3-922923-31-3 (268 pages).
- Le Patrimoine des Communes du Bas-Rhin . Flohic Editions, Volume 2, Charenton-le-Pont 1999, ISBN 2-84234-055-8 , pp. 880-885.
