Drusenheim
| Drusenheim | ||
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| region | Grand Est | |
| Department | Bas-Rhin | |
| Arrondissement | Haguenau-Wissembourg | |
| Canton | Bischwiller | |
| Community association | Pays Rhénan | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 46 ′ N , 7 ° 57 ′ E | |
| height | 119-128 m | |
| surface | 15.73 km 2 | |
| Residents | 5,154 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 328 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 67410 | |
| INSEE code | 67106 | |
| Website | www.drusenheim.fr | |
.jpg) Mairie Drusenheim |
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Drusenheim is a French commune in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region (until 2015 Alsace ). It belongs to the canton of Bischwiller in the Haguenau-Wissembourg arrondissement .
geography
The community is located six kilometers east of Bischwiller not far from the Rhine with the town center outside the floodplain , at a bend in the river. Drusenheim has 5154 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017). The left Rhine tributary Moder , which comes from the northern Vosges , flows through the center of Drusenheim .
history
Early history
At the site of today's Drusenheim there was a Roman military camp built under Drusus in Roman times . Today's place takes its name from this general.
middle Ages
In the 8th century, Drusenheim belonged to the Arnolfsau monastery , which was originally near the town, but was moved to Schwarzach on the right bank of the Rhine after a peasant uprising in 825 .
Before 1401, Drusenheim came under the rule of Lichtenberg . Due to their substantial acquisition of territory in the 14th century, the offices of Ingweiler and Buchsweiler, which had become too extensive, had to be reorganized at the beginning of the 15th century . Among other things, the Pfaffenhofen office was spun off and made independent. When this also had to be divided again by further area growth, the Offendorf office was established before 1440 . The village of Drusenheim also belonged to this office.
Elisabeth, one of the two heirlooms of Ludwig V von Lichtenberg (* 1417, † 1474), married Count Simon IV. Wecker von Zweibrücken-Bitsch . After the death of the last Lichtenberger, Jakob von Lichtenberg , an uncle of Elisabeth, she inherited half of the Lichtenberg lordship, which also included the Offenheim - and thus Drusenheim - and which now belonged to Zweibrücken-Bitsch.
Early modern age
Count Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch (* 1510; † 1570) and his brother Simon V. Wecker , who died in 1540, left only one daughter each as heir. Count Jakob's daughter, Margarethe (* 1540; † 1569), was married to Philipp V von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1541; † 1599). The legacy resulting from this constellation also included the second half of the former Lichtenberg lordship , which was not already in the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg , and included the Offendorf with Drusenheim office. Count Philip IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1514–1590), who was ruling at this time, consistently carried out the Reformation in his county and also in the areas gained through inheritance, which now became Lutheran .
During the Thirty Years War , the strategically important old castle was fought over; also Emperor Ferdinand III. paid her a visit. Settlers from Lorraine , Switzerland and Germany were settled in the place, which was almost depopulated by the war .
With France's reunification policy under King Louis XIV , the Offendorf office came under French sovereignty. In the course of this process, a Roman Catholic parish was again established in Drusenheim .
In 1705, Drusenheim was established as a fortress by the military architect Johann Maximilian Welsch . Due to the border location, Drusenheim also suffered in the wars of the 18th century and the Revolutionary Wars.
After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , in 1736 Hanau-Lichtenberg - and with it the Offendorf office - fell to the son of his only daughter, Charlotte , Landgrave Ludwig (IX.) of Hessen-Darmstadt .
Modern times
With the upheaval that began with the French Revolution , Drusenheim became French.
In the 19th century Drusenheim, whose population tripled between 1805 and 1820, then experienced an economic boom. A spinning mill and a brick factory were established in the village. In 1871 Drusenheim came to the German Empire with Alsace.
During the First World War , as a result of which Drusenheim came back to France, 53 residents of the place died.
When the Second World War was announced, the Drusenheim population was completely evacuated on August 31, 1939 - as with all Alsatian communities on the Rhine - and taken to Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat in the Limousin. After the French surrender, the German occupying forces ordered the residents to return. From 1942 the young men of the village were obliged to serve in the Wehrmacht . On December 12, 1944, the first US units arrived in Drusenheim, but the place returned to German hands on January 5, 1945 through a counter-offensive . In the following two months, Drusenheim remained hard-fought and was almost completely destroyed. It was not until March 17 that the Americans managed to recapture the town after around 50 civilian villagers were killed in the fighting. After the war, the community was rebuilt and the infrastructure was promoted through the construction of a youth and cultural center, a swimming pool and a sports center.
politics
The community assembly of Drusenheim consists of 21 community councils. The administration of the city is in the hands of 5 members of the magistrate under the leadership of the mayor.
education
Drusenheim is the seat of a high school, which is housed in a building that was inaugurated in 1974, as well as a secondary and secondary school (collège), which was opened in 1968. There are also 2 kindergartens and the Jacques Gachot elementary school.
traffic
Drusenheim is connected to the transport network by the A35 autoroute and the Wörth – Strasbourg railway line . The Drusus ferry across the Rhine connects the town with Greffern in Baden ( Rheinmünster municipality ).
economy
In 2003 a weekly market was set up in Drusenheim, which has been held every Friday ever since. Drusenheim is also the location of a number of medium-sized companies, including the Hoffmann Group (metal processing) and Mateca (plastics). Above, southwest of the village, there is a US chemical company - giant Dow Chemical - as well as another one northeast on the other bank of the river below Greffern. Otherwise, this plant is relatively isolated between the chemical sites of the northern Strasbourg city community ( Reichstett ) and those west of Rastatt or near Lauterbourg . But the place also has numerous service companies, e.g. B. Bank branches, insurance companies, restaurants, hotels, hairdressers and grocery stores.
Personalities
- Jacques Gachot (1885–1954), Alsatian painter, member of the Groupe de Mai
- Roland Wagner (* 1955), football player
literature
- Fritz Eyer: The territory of the Lords of Lichtenberg 1202-1480. Investigations into the property, the rule and the politics of domestic power of a noble family from the Upper Rhine . In: Writings of the Erwin von Steinbach Foundation . 2nd edition, unchanged in the text, by an introduction extended reprint of the Strasbourg edition, Rhenus-Verlag, 1938. Volume 10 . Pfaehler, Bad Neustadt an der Saale 1985, ISBN 3-922923-31-3 (268 pages).
- Friedrich Knöpp: Territorial holdings of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Hesse-Darmstadt . [typewritten] Darmstadt 1962. [Available in the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , signature: N 282/6].
- Drusenheim in the Topographia Alsatiae (Matthäus Merian) (Wikisource)
- Le Patrimoine des Communes du Bas-Rhin . Flohic Editions, Volume 1, Charenton-le-Pont 1999, ISBN 2-84234-055-8 , pp. 142-143.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eyer, p. 71.
- ↑ Eyer, p. 238.
- ↑ See Eyer, p. 98.
- ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
- ↑ Knöpp, p. 15.
- ^ Fritz Arens: Maximilian von Welsch - architect of the Schönborn bishops . Schnell & Steiner artist library, Munich / Zurich 1986, ISBN 3-7954-0373-1 .