Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen

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Bishop Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen, contemporary painting
Bishop Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen, contemporary representation in Bruchsal Castle
Bishop Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen, detail from a contemporary painting
Catholic parish church St. Barbara, Hainfeld , coat of arms of Prince-Bishop Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen (1718)
Coat of arms of the Rollingen family from the tomb of the canon Karl Wolfgang Heinrich von Rollingen († 1730), the bishop's nephew, in the Speyer Cathedral

Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen (born September 13, 1633 in Ansemburg, today the municipality of Tüntingen , Luxembourg , † November 30, 1719 in Speyer ) was Prince-Bishop of Speyer and Prince Provost of Weissenburg from 1711 to 1719 .

Life

Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen came from the von Rollingen family and was born at Ansemburg Castle in Luxembourg. He was the second of three children of Florence von Rollingen and his wife Anna Margaretha von der Fels .

The boy studied at the Collegium Germanicum in Rome and was ordained a priest there in 1658. In 1661 he already officiated as cathedral capitular in Trier and Speyer, in 1676 he became choir bishop in Trier.

No sooner had Johann Hugo von Orsbeck become Bishop of Speyer on July 16, 1675, when his uncle, Karl Kaspar von der Leyen , Bishop and Elector of Trier, died on June 4, 1676 , and he was his coadjutor with the right of succession. Bishop Orsbeck therefore left Speyer forever and only returned briefly once, namely in 1677, to pay homage.

On August 13, 1676, the shepherd appointed the Speyer canon with episcopal consecration, Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen, as his governor. In 1688 he advanced to the position of dean of the cathedral of Speyer, and from 1692 he was also vicar general of the diocese of Speyer. Under his governorship, France seized the parts of the prince-bishopric south of the Queich in Alsace in 1680 and devastated the diocese and the city of Speyer in the War of the Palatinate Succession . In 1689 Joseph de Montclar had Speyer burned down completely, only the east work and part of the nave remained of the cathedral. In the period that followed, this remnant was also to be blown up. It is a great achievement of Hartard von Rollingens that he tried to prevent this with all his zeal and finally achieved an emergency backup and restoration of the remains of the cathedral for worship. Rollingen is one of the most important saviors and keepers of the Speyer Cathedral in its thousand-year history. He also left detailed descriptions of the city fire, as well as the devastation and sacrilege that occurred during it; For example, he writes that the French even vomited graves of recently deceased people in the cathedral and simply threw the rotting corpses on the street.

After the death of Bishop Orsbeck, the cathedral chapter unanimously elected the previous vicar general and governor Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen as bishop of Speyer on February 26, 1711. At that time he was already 77 years old. The election was confirmed by the Pope on September 26, 1712. Heinrich received the episcopal ordination on September 9, 1714 from the Auxiliary Bishop Johann Edmund Gedult von Jungsfeld from Mainz . Peter Cornelius Beyweg acted as co- consecrators and the Würzburg Auxiliary Bishop Johann Bernhard Mayer Prelate Ludwig Stamer characterizes him in his church history of the Palatinate as a “learned, eloquent, intelligent and long-term experienced bishop who worked tirelessly, although his success was due to the political power Conditions almost always failed. "

Bishop Rollingen mastered Latin, Italian and French as well as his native German. In religious questions he took a consistent line that was true to the Church. He lived a simple and humble life personally. Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen said self-deprecatingly that in his life he probably "wrote more than you can load onto a four-wheeled wagon".

In the spring of 1716, the tensions with the citizens of the city were expressed in another episode in the struggle for city rights, in the siege of the episcopal residence by citizens of Speyer. 3,000 episcopal farmers penetrated from the surrounding villages and disarmed the citizens involved. For help, Heinrich Hartard turned to the Elector of Mainz, Lothar Franz von Schönborn , who used the location for the Schönborn house and urged Heinrich Hartard to provide a coadjutor.

The last time before he died at the age of 86, he found it difficult to carry out his official business, and many things just remained lying around, which he frankly and apologetically admitted several times to his coadjutor and successor Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim .

The nephew of Bishop von Rollingen, Karl Wolfgang Heinrich von Rollingen , died as a canon in Speyer in 1730, and there is a beautiful epitaph of him with a family coat of arms and portrait in the Speyer Cathedral (nave, north wall).

dig

Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen was buried in Speyer Cathedral. According to Johann Michael König ( feud between the city of Speyer and Mr. Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen ), the Bavarian state government had his tomb removed from the bishop's church because it had been badly damaged by the plundering French. Instead, a memorial was erected on the same site in 1828 for Bishop Matthäus von Chandelle, who had died two years earlier . While preparing the foundation, the workers came across Bishop Rollingen's coffin. This was buried untouched at the original site, as Bishop Chandelle was buried in the city cemetery anyway and only his epitaph was to be set up in the cathedral. In the meantime this has also been removed and is currently in the cathedral chapter cemetery in Speyer.

coat of arms

On a copper engraving there is the gemehrte Prince Bishop coat of arms as a crossing . In exchange the coat of arms of the diocese and the arms of the prince provost White Castle appears. The family coat of arms is planted as a heart shield , there are three silver rafters on red. There is also an increased coat of arms of the Rollingen family, as it appears on the episcopal coat of arms on the church of Hainfeld and on the coat of arms stone from the Speyer Cathedral on the right ; quartered, alternating with the old Rollingen rafter coat of arms and a silver anchor cross on red ( Simmern / Septfontaines in Luxembourg). (Siebmacher, Lorraine).

Special

The writer Josef Ponten set a literary monument to Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen in his novel Rhine and Volga . In the book, which deals with the events in the life of the ancestors of a Volga German, he also describes the fire of the Speyer Cathedral in 1689 and Rollingen's attempts to rescue it in a dramatic way :

“Prelate Freiherr von Rollingen had sneaked into town from the Rhine with men and pumps. The syringes threw jets of water against the monument. But if the air was too hot or the building was already on fire, the water melted and evaporated before it reached the building. The prelate picked up an ax in the cloister and smashed in a locked door himself - the piles of household items were burning inside. When the door opposite the windows, which had already cracked from the heat, was now open, a strong, storm-like gust rose in the breeze inward. Only fighting against him and, as it were, swimming against him, Rollingen reached the exit and saved his life. He had to leave the sanctuary to its own devices. The front ceiling of the nave was just about to collapse under the weight of the roof structure falling on it. The clerical baron had scarcely run out of the church building into the arched corridor of the Kreuzhof when he heard it raining heavily and heavily. Glowing lead, the entire molten roof of the long, great church, dripped, trickled, flowed down the walls. ... "

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ansemburg Castle in Luxembourg
  2. ^ Government councilor Georg Berthold: Annual report 1901 . In: Communications of the Historical Association of the Palatinate , Issue XXV.
  3. ↑ To Auxiliary Bishop Johann Edmund Gedult von Jungsfeld
  4. ^ To Auxiliary Bishop Johann Bernhard Mayer
  5. ↑ Consecration donor of the Speyer bishop Hartard von Rollingen
  6. ↑ Hans Ammerich : The Speyer diocese and its history , Volume 3: From the Reformation to the end of the old diocese . Kehl am Rhein 1999, ISBN 3-927095-49-4 , pp. 23-24.
  7. ^ Josef Ponten: Rhine and Volga . 1931, pp. 95/96
predecessor Office successor
Johann Hugo von Orsbeck Prince-Bishop of Speyer and
Prince Provost of Weißenburg
1711–1719 		Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim
personal data
SURNAME Rollingen, Heinrich Hartard von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prince-Bishop of Speyer and Prince Provost of Weißenburg (1711–1719)
DATE OF BIRTH September 13, 1633
PLACE OF BIRTH Ansemburg, today the municipality of Tuntange , Luxembourg
DATE OF DEATH November 30, 1719
Place of death Speyer