Rigid worm fern
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Rigid fern ( Dryopteris villarii ) |
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| Dryopteris villarii | ||||||||||||
| ( Bellardi ) Woyn. ex Thell. |
The rigid worm fern , also tight worm fern ( Dryopteris villarii ), is a fern from the genus of the worm ferns ( Dryopteris ).
description
The rigid worm fern is a perennial plant with a short, thick rhizome that grows upright or ascending. It is covered with soft, wide, and often ciliate scales. The narrow, funnel-shaped fronds are hairy yellow and glandular. The plants reach heights of about 30 - 40 cm.
There are five or more vascular bundles at the base of the petiole . The fertile and sterile leaf fronds are designed approximately the same. The fronds are tufted and leathery, dark green in color, shiny on top. They are simply pinnate with pinnate leaflets, or doubly pinnate. On each side there are 20 to 35 feathers, which are narrowed at the base. The plumage base is purple-black on the underside. The last leaflet sections are truncated crooked and have parallel, entire sides. The frond stem is three to four millimeters thick and, like the leaf spindle ( Rhachis ), is densely covered with long chaff scales.
The veils are thick and arched. The spores are formed from June to September.
The species chromosome number is 2n = 82.
distribution
The rigid worm fern colonizes fresh, sunny, calcareous scree slopes in alpine regions and occurs in the Limestone Alps and the Dinarides . In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on Himmeleck in Bavaria up to 2200 meters above sea level.
The rigid worm fern is widespread in the oceanic area of the meridional to north temperate Florenzone Mountains from northwest Africa across southern, western and central Europe. Preferred locations are karstified limestone and dolomite rocks of the montane to subalpine altitude range . It grows mainly in moist, open alpine and oromediterranean scree slopes of the plant-sociological class Thlaspietea and is a characteristic of the Petasition paradoxi in the Valeriano-Dryopteridetum villarii society.
ecology
The rigid worm fern is a light plant rich in calcareous initial sites and occurs in alpine scree slopes and coarse-grained rubble slopes. As an oceanic plant, the rigid worm fern is typical on fresh soils in snow valleys or avalanche tracks.
Taxonomy and systematics
In addition to the nominate form Dryopteris villarii subsp. villarii exists the subspecies Dryopteris villarii (Bellardi) Woyn. subsp. balearica malag. from the Balearic Islands. This is called Dryopteris pallida (Bory) C. Chr. Subsp. balearica (litard.) Fraser-Jenkins also put by some authors to a completely different species. The subspecies Dryopteris villarii subsp. pallida (Bory) Heywood is now regarded as a separate species: Dryopteris pallida (Bory) C. Chr.
literature
- I. Horvat, H. Ellenberg, V. Glavac: Vegetation Südosteuropas , 1974.
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 84. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 74.
- ↑ http://herbarivirtual.uib.es/eng-med/especie/6596.html Dryopteris pallida (Bory) C. Chr. Subsp. balearica (litard.) Fraser-Jenkins |
- ↑ Christenhusz, M. & Raab-Straube, E. von (2013): Lycopodiophytina. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Data sheet Dryopteris In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Web links
- Rigid worm fern. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Rigid worm fern . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Distribution in Switzerland [1]
- Thomas Meyer: Fern data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )