Potted ferns
| Potted ferns | ||||||||||||
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Sori on the underside of the deer's tongue ( Asplenium scolopendrium ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Polypodiales | ||||||||||||
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The polypodiales are the most species-rich order of the ferns .
features
The sporangia are covered by a laterally or centrally attached indusium . In a number of lines of development, however, the Indusia was lost again as a secondary factor. The sporangular stem is one to three cell layers thick and often quite long. The maturation of the sporangia does not take place synchronously. The sporangia have a vertical annulus.
The gametophytes are green and usually heart-shaped, less often band-shaped (in some epiphytes ); they live on the surface of the soil.
Systematics
The Polypodiales are the sister group of the tree ferns . Together with the heterosporen Salviniales they form the core Leptosporangiaten ferns. They are a monophyletic group and are likely to have separated from the tree ferns around 220 million years ago ( Triassic ). According to the currently used system, they are divided into 15 families. They comprise over 80 percent of all recent fern species. There are around 9,300 described species.
- Order Polypodiales
- Lindsaeaceae family
- Saccolomataceae family
- Family dennstaedtiaceae (Dennstaedtiaceae)
- Hemlock family (Pteridaceae)
- Striped fern family (Aspleniaceae)
- Marsh fern family (Thelypteridaceae)
- Eyelash family (Woodsiaceae)
- Rib fern family (Blechnaceae)
- Pearl fern family (Onocleaceae)
- Fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
- Lomariopsidaceae family
- Family Tectariaceae
- Oleandraceae family
- Davalliaceae family
- Spotted fern family (Polypodiaceae)
For the assignment of the genera, compare the fern systematics .
literature
- Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, Paul G. Wolf: A classification for extant ferns. In: Taxon. Volume 55, No. 3, 2006, ISSN 0040-0262 , pp. 705-731, abstract, PDF file .
- Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Paul G. Wolf, Harald Schneider, Alan R. Smith, Raymond Cranfill: Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (Monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences. In: American Journal of Botany. Volume 91, No. 10, 2004, pp. 1582-1598, DOI: 10.3732 / ajb.91.10.1582 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Smith et al .: A classification for extant ferns , 2006.
