Marsh fern family
| Marsh fern family | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Thelypteridaceae | ||||||||||||
| Pic.Serm. |
The marsh fern family (Thelypteridaceae) are a family of the true ferns (Polypodiopsida).
features
The rhizomes are creeping, ascending or erect and have scales at the top. The leaf stalks show in cross section two elongated or crescent-shaped vascular bundles , at the distal end the two unite to form a gutter-shaped vascular bundle. The leaf blades are usually pinnate or pinnate. The nerves are pinnately branched, end free or anastomose . The spades are covered with needle-shaped hair.
The Sori stand on the underside of the leaf, are round to oblong, rarely long, and stand on the veins. The indusium is kidney-shaped or absent. The sporangia have a three-row, short to long stalk. The spores are ellipsoidal, monolet (have a scar). The perine is winged to prickly.
The basic chromosome number is x = 27 or 36.
distribution
The family is spread pantropically, a few species also occur in temperate areas. They grow terrestrially, rarely on rock.
Systematics
The genus comprises 5 to 30 genera, depending on how broadly or narrowly the genera are defined. They include around 950 species. The family is monophyletic . The genera are according to Smith et al. 2006:
- Cyclosorus Link (incl. Ampelopteris Kunze , Amphineuron Holttum , Chingia Holttum , Christella H.Lév. , Cyclogramma Tagawa , Glaphyropteridopsis Ching , Goniopteris C.Presl , Menisorus Alston , Mesophlebion Holttum , Plesioneuron (Holttum) Holttum , Pneumatopteris Nakai , Pronephrium C. Presl , Pseudocyclosorus Ching , Sphaerostephanos J. Sm. , Stegnogramma Blume , Steiropteris (C. Chr.) Pic. Serm. , Trigonospora Holttum ), with more than 170 species.
- Macrothelypteris (H. Ito) Ching , with around 11 species between South Africa and the Mascarene Mountains to Hawaii.
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Phegopteris (C. Presl) Fée , with about 19 species, including the:
- Beech fern ( Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt )
- Pseudophegopteris Ching , with around 17 to 20 species in the tropics of Africa and Asia.
- Thelypteris Schmidel (including Amauropelta Kunze , Coryphopteris Holttum , Metathelypteris (H. Itô) Ching , Oreopteris Holub , Parathelypteris (H. Itô) Ching ) with about 400 species.
supporting documents
- Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, Paul G. Wolf: A classification for extant ferns. In: Taxon. Volume 55, No. 3, 2006, ISSN 0040-0262 , pp. 705-731 ( abstract , PDF file ).
- David John Mabberley: The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press 1987, Cambridge et al., ISBN 0-521-34060-8 .
