Thelypteris

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Thelypteris
Marsh fern (Thelypteris palustris)

Marsh fern ( Thelypteris palustris )

Systematics
Department : Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Ferns
Class : True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order : Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family : Marsh fern family (Thelypteridaceae)
Genre : Thelypteris
Scientific name
Thelypteris
Schmidel

Thelypteris is a genus of plants inthe marsh fern family (Thelypteridaceae). The up to about 875 species , depending on how narrowly the species are defined, occur worldwide in the tropical and temperate zones.

description

Thelypteris species are small to medium-sized perennial herbaceous plants . They grow terrestrially. They form an upright, prostrate or rarely creeping, black rhizome , which can be up to 30 centimeters long and is covered with brown egg-shaped to lanceolate scales, sometimes with needle-shaped hairs.

At the ends of the rhizomes are the fronds, separated from each other or close together. The frond stalks are almost completely black in color at the base and are slightly hairy, while the upper part is hairless and straw yellow in color. The single-pinnate to pinnate, rarely also double-pinnate fronds are mostly elongated-lanceolate, can narrow towards the base and contain pairs of herbaceous to leathery leaflets. The mostly lanceolate, short-stalked or sessile leaflets have whole or notched edges, a truncated base, a pointed or tapered, mostly reduced tip and are pinnate. The uppermost leaflet as well as the lowest leaflet pairs of the fronds can be reduced. The lobes of the leaflets are oval-triangular or oblong in shape and have pointed tips. The young leaflets are sparsely covered with needle-like hairs on both the upper and lower sides, but they become bald with age. They can have slightly swollen aerophores at the base of the leaf . The central vein can sometimes have a few small scales. The free or anastomosing leaf veins are simple or pinnately branched and extend to the edges of the leaflets.

Mountain fern ( Thelypteris limbosperma ), pinnate underside
Marsh fern ( Thelypteris palustris ), underside of fertile pinna

The round, rectangular or elongated Sori are in a row between the leaf edge and the leaf central vein and are mostly more or less covered by a bent back leaf edge. They are initially covered by a circular to kidney-shaped, membrane-like indusium , which is greenish in color and may be absent or covered in fully grown Soris. The sporangia have a three-row stalk and are glabrous or have one or two short bristle hairs. The spores are monolet, kidney-shaped and have wings as well as a transparent, prickly hairy perispora and a smooth exospore .

Several basic chromosome numbers are known which x = 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36 can be.

distribution

The natural range of the Thelypteris species is in the tropical and temperate regions of the world.

Systematics

Thelypteris confluens
Thelypteris decursive-pinnata
Thelypteris dentata
Thelypteris kunthii
Mountain fern ( Thelypteris limbosperma )
Thelypteris marquesensis in its natural habitat
Thelypteris noveboracensis
Thelypteris noveboracensis
Thelypteris simulata
Thelypteris tetragona

The genus Thelypteris was set up in 1763 by Kasimir Christoph Schmidel in Icones Plantarum , Volume 3, pages 45-48. The type species is Thelypteris palustris Schott .

Synonyms for Thelypteris Schmidel are: Amauropelta Kunze , Ampelopteris Kunze , Amphineuron Holttum , Chingia Holttum , Christella H.Lév. , Coryphopteris Holttum , Cyclogramma Tagawa , Cyclosorus Link , Dictyocline T.Moore , Dimorphopteris Tagawa & K.Iwats. ex K.Iwats. , Glaphyropteridopsis Ching , Glaphyropteris (Fée) C.Presl ex Fée , Goniopteris C.Presl , Haplodictyum C.Presl , Hemestheum Newman , Lastrea Bory , Lastrella (H.Itô) Nakai , Meniscium Schreb. , Menisorus Alston , Mesochlaena (R.Br.) J.Sm. , Mesoneuron Ching , Mesophlebion Holttum , Metathelypteris (H.Itô) Ching , Monogonia C.Presl , Nannothelypteris Holttum , Oochlamys Fée , Oreopteris Holub , Parathelypteris (H.Itô) Ching , Plesioneuron (Holttum) Holttum , Pneumatopteris Nakai , Proferea C.Presl , Pronephrium C. Presl , Pseudocyclosorus Ching , Pseudophegopteris Ching , Sphaerostephanos J.Sm. , Stegnogramma flower , Steiropteris (C.Chr.) Pic.Serm. , Toppingia O.Deg., I.Deg. & ARSm. ex O.Deg. & I.Deg. and Trigonospora Holttum . Some of these synonyms are still considered by some authors as separate genera or as subgenus of Thelypteris .

There are said to be up to about 875 Thelypteris species (selection):

This genus is no longer included:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Alan R. Smith: Thelypteris. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 8: Magnoliophyta: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 (English). (on-line).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Youxing Lin & Kunio Iwatsuki: Thelypteridaceae . Thelypteris. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Blechnaceae. Volume 2. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis July 20, 2013, Thelypteris , pp. 322 (English, Thelypteris - Online - this printed work is online with the same text).
  3. ↑ a b c d e Thelypteris. In: Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. www.botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora, accessed on February 22, 2016 (English).
  4. ↑ a b Thelypteris at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 22, 2016.
  5. ↑ a b c d David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner, Kenneth R. Wood, Alan R. Smith: New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia . In: PhytoKeys . No. 4 , 2011, ISSN  1314-2003 , p. 5-51 , doi : 10.3897 / phytokeys.4.1602 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Alexandre Salino: New species and combinations in Thelypteris subg. Goniopteris (Thelypteridaceae) s . In: Brittonia . tape 54 , no. 4 , 2002, ISSN  1938-436X , p. 331-339 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Orlando Alvarez-Fuentes, Carlos Sánchez: A New Species and a New Combination of Thelypteris, subgenus Amauropelta, section Amauropelta from Cuba . In: American Fern Journal . tape 95 , no. 1 , 2005, ISSN  1938-422X , p. 30-42 .
  8. ↑ a b James E. Watkins Jr., Donald R. Farrar: Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae) . In: Brittonia . tape 57 , no. 2 , 2005, ISSN  1938-436X , p. 183-201 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Manuel G. Caluff, Carlos Sánchez: Novelties in Thelypteris subg. Goniopteris (Thelypteridaceae, Pteridophyta) in Cuba . In: Willdenowia . tape 34 , no. 2 , 2004, ISSN  0511-9618 , p. 511-523 .
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Thelypteris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
  11. ↑ a b M. Christenhusz & E. von Raab-Straube (2013): Polypodiopsida. Datasheet Cyclosorus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  12. ↑ a b c Alexandre Salino, VinÍcius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich: A New Species of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta (Thelypteridaceae) from Southeastern Brazil . In: American Fern Journal . tape 98 , no. 4 , 2008, ISSN  1938-422X , p. 199-201 .
  13. ↑ Thorsten Krömer, Amparo Acebey, Alan R. Smith: Thelypteris Tuxtlensis (Thelypteridaceae), a New Species in Subgenus Goniopteris from Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico . In: American Fern Journal . tape 97 , no. 3 , 2007, ISSN  1938-422X , p. 136-139 .

Web links

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