Beech fern

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Beech fern
Beech fern (Phegopteris connectilis)

Beech fern ( Phegopteris connectilis )

Systematics
Ferns
Class : True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order : Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family : Marsh fern family (Thelypteridaceae)
Genre : Phegopteris
Type : Beech fern
Scientific name
Phegopteris connectilis
( Michx. ) Watt
Beech fern ( Phegopteris connectilis ), illustration

The beech fern ( Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt ; Syn .: Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss. ) Is a fern from the marsh fern family native to Central Europe . The beech fern is the only one of a total of three species of the genus Phegopteris that occurs in Europe .

description

Fertile frond from below

The beech fern reaches a height of 15 to 30 (50) centimeters. The rhizome is creeping to ascending and elongated. Therefore the leaves stand individually, not in a rosette , but often in flocks close together. The leaf blade is 1.2 to 2 times as long as it is wide. It is triangular to arrow-shaped in outline and has a chaffed top. The middle leaflets are wide on the leaf spindle. The lowest feathers protrude downwards. The Sori are small and veilless. Spore ripening is from July to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 90.

Beech fern ( Phegopteris connectilis ) in Canada

ecology

The beech fern is a deciduous rhizome geophyte . The rhizome measures only 1–2.5 mm in diameter. The stomata are adapted to its humid location on the upper and lower side of the leaf.

The spores spread like granular flyers. The generative propagation occurs apomictically , d. H. The pre-germ and sporophyte have the same set of chromosomes, here triploid. The sporophyte develops from the egg cell without fertilization and the reduction division does not occur during spore formation .

The vegetative reproduction takes place through the rhizome .

Occurrence

The species has a circumpolar area . The distribution is described as submeridional / montane to boreal with oceanic characteristics. It occurs throughout Europe, but is rare in the south. Its distribution area extends from Europe to West Asia, includes the Caucasus, East Asia and North America.

It is quite common in Austria and occurs in all federal states with the exception of Vienna. It is also common in Germany, but endangered in some federal states (Schleswig-Holstein, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saarland, Saxony-Anhalt, the lowland region of Lower Saxony).

The beech fern grows mainly in forests on musty, humus-rich, rather acidic and lime-poor soils, but also in bushes, tall herbaceous corridors and in crooked wood . It often occurs in mixed forests of red beech, fir and spruce. It occurs in the montane to subalpine altitude range. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part between mountain pines on the way from Hinterhornbach to the Kaufbeurener Hütte up to 1600 m above sea level.

Synonyms

Synonyms for the accepted species name Phegopteris connectilis are: Phegopteris vulgaris Mett. , Nephrodium phegopteris (L.) Prantl , Lastrea phegopteris (L.) Bory , Phegopteris polypodioides Fée , Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) C.Chr. , Polypodium phegopteris L. ( Basionym ), Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss.

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .
  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  2. ^ Phegopteris connectilis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 67.

Web links

Commons : Beech fern  album with pictures, videos and audio files