Generative propagation
As generative propagation or generative reproduction , the generation of descendants, on the basis of sexual reproduction understood. By combining the genes of different individuals, new genetically different individuals are created. Mendel's rules apply to the offspring , according to which each characteristic is present in two copies (“alleles”), one of which comes from each parent. The term is used in plant cultivation and animal breeding .
In plants, the result of generative reproduction is the seed ; in the case of commercial production, also called seeds or seeds in agricultural language . In animal breeding one speaks of offspring.
In contrast to generative reproduction, there is cloning or vegetative reproduction , in the case of the offspring by splitting off cells of an organism without prior fusion of sex cells ( gametes ). Here, offspring represent genetically identical individuals.
In horticultural practice, the term generative propagation is used synonymously with "sowing". Seeds are also sown that have arisen without a combination of the genetic characteristics of two individuals (self-fertilization) and those that arise without sexual reproduction ( virgin generation ).
See also: ancestry , Federal Association of German Plant Breeders , EUCARPIA , genetic engineering , plant breeding , animal husbandry , Züchtungskunde
Web links
- Plant research at the BBM
- Biology in the Scheffel High School
- Heiko Becker University of Göttingen: Basics of breeding
- KWS: Modern breeding methods
literature
- Wulf Diepenbrock, Jens Léon, Frank Ellmer: Agriculture, crop cultivation and plant breeding, basic knowledge Bachelor. Ulmer, 2005, ISBN 978-3-8252-2629-9 . (UTB Uni-Taschenbücher, Volume 2629)
- Robin M. Henig: The monk in the garden. The story of Gregor Mendel and the discovery of genetics. Argon, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-87024-528-X
- F. Knoll: Mendel Gregor (Johann). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 6, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1975, ISBN 3-7001-0128-7 , p. 218 f. (Direct links on p. 218 , p. 219 ).
- Rolf Löther: pioneer of genetics. Gregor Johann Mendel and August Weismann. German, Frankfurt am Main / Thun 1990, ISBN 3-8171-1130-4
- Thomas Miedaner: Plant Breeding. An introduction. DLG, 2010, ISBN 978-3-7690-0752-7
- Luca Novelli : Mendel and the answer of the peas . Arena, Würzburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-401-06182-5 .
- Vitězslav Orel: Mendel, Gregor. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , pp. 40-42 ( digitized version ).
- Manfred G. Raupp: The Debate Concerning the Effects on Bioinformatics on Food Production ; Sciencia Agriculturae Bohemica 32, Czech University Prague-Suchdol 2001 CS ISSN 1211-3174
- Eckart Roloff : The bean counter who was ahead of his time. In: Eckart Roloff: Divine flashes of inspiration. Pastors and priests as inventors and discoverers. 2nd, updated edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2012, ISBN 978-3-527-32864-2 , pp. 255-277. (with references to places of remembrance, monuments, museums, streets, prices, etc.)