Matthias von Rammung

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Bishop Matthias von Rammung, as Chancellor of the Electorate of the Palatinate, with a black gown and tonsure

Matthias von Rammung , also Matthias Freiherr von Rammung (* 1417 in Heidelberg ; † August 1, 1478 in Heidelberg) was Chancellor of the Electorate of the Palatinate from 1461 until his death and from 1464 also Bishop of Speyer .

biography

Matthias came from the family of the Lords of Rammung and was born as the son of Matthias von Rammung and his wife, one born von Venningen , daughter of Conrad von Venningen auf Daisbach († 1446). He completed his law degree in Heidelberg and in 1461, at the age of 44, became Chancellor of the Electoral Palatinate.

Marientraut Castle , building inscription by Bishop Matthias von Rammung, 1463

From July 4, 1464 to August 1, 1478 Matthias von Rammung was the 65th Bishop of Speyer . The office had already been Siegfried III five years earlier . von Venningen , a distant relative of the mother from the Hilbach line of the Lords of Venningen. His organizational talent had a positive effect on the administrative practice of the bishopric and the diocese (creation of a diocesan register ). He introduced reforms in the religious and ecclesiastical area. During his tenure he carried out many surveys that went beyond what was fiscally necessary - e.g. B. on livestock and municipalities - and make censuses. Since then, there has been reliable statistical data for the first time.

Matthias von Rammung wrote a recipe for the treatment of horses with hoofs that was used until the 17th century.

From his inauguration until 1471, Bishop Rammung had the destroyed castle in Hanhofen renovated and expanded to four times the area. He named her Marientraut , after St. Maria, the patron saint of his diocese, and had a stone image of the Virgin attached to it, as well as an inscription with the year 1463 and the name.

In 1464 he ordered an inventory of the Speyer monastery . In this u. a. the chaplaincy in the St. Jacob's Chapel in the Bruchsal suburb of Untergrombach is first mentioned in a document. In 1467 he consecrated the Trinity Church in Lauterburg . In 1468 he tried, ultimately unsuccessfully, to reform the Benedictine monastery of Ritterstift Odenheim . The bishops of Speyer had been the governors of this monastery since 1339 .

In 1469 he sent a warning letter with reform proposals to the imperial monastery of Klingenmünster . In 1469/70 a census took place on his orders, u. a. in Waghäusel . In 1472 he reformed the duties of pastors , chaplains and beneficiaries of the main church in Bruchsal, the Church of St. Peter. The pastor regularly acted as auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Speyer. Bishop Matthias von Rammung, however, imposed residence duty on him and demanded that he take more care of his parish .

In 1473 he had a chapel built in Waghäusel for the pilgrims to commemorate the place, a 40 cm high statue of the Virgin Mary made of limestone. This chapel now forms the choir of the local Marian pilgrimage church to the “mother with the kind heart”; Rammung's bishop's coat of arms adorns the keystone of its Gothic vault. Previously, the miraculous image had stood in a hollow tree, then in a poor emergency chapel. The establishment of the Gothic pilgrimage chapel, the expansion of the villages in the monastery and the subsequent creation of the register of common pennies brought the monastery back into a good financial position after years of neglect. He also had other buildings erected in favor of better economic conditions.

The bishop held two synods a year and developed extensive reform activities in the area of ​​his jurisdiction, collegiate monasteries and monasteries. He also endeavored to reform the clergy through decrees on beneficiaries and regulations with regard to the conduct of office and life (e.g. compliance with celibacy ). The dignified celebration of the liturgy , the exaltation of piety and the intensive catechetical instruction of the faithful were among his main concerns. He himself lived these demands and set an example for his clergy.

The most zealous and loyal collaborators in the reform efforts were his vicar general Peter vom Stein († 1480) and his auxiliary bishop Johann von Isenberg († 1484).

Matthias von Rammung commissioned the long-time cathedral vicar Johannes Seffried (also Johannes von Mutterstadt) with the writing of a history of the Speyer bishops, which is an important historical source work, as it also contains many lost grave inscriptions.

In the Protestant church of Daisbach is the damaged tombstone of Ursula von Rammung († 1502), wife of his nephew of the same name. The family coat of arms is also depicted on it.

In Waghäusel he was honored by naming the "Bischof-von-Rammung-Straße", on which the local pilgrimage monastery is located.

Bishop's coat of arms Matthias von Rammungs in the choir of the Waghäusel pilgrimage church

coat of arms

The prince-bishop's coat of arms is usually quartered . The fields of the coat of arms alternate with the family coat of arms of the Rammung and the coat of arms of the diocese of Speyer, a silver cross on a blue background. The family coat of arms of the Rammung shows a point , the motif is divided vertically and the tinging changes in silver and blue. The preserved coat of arms stones of Bishop Matthias von Rammung all consist of his family coat of arms, placed in the middle on the Speyer diocese coat of arms.

literature

  • Hans AmmerichMatthias von Ram (m) ung. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 406 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Hans Ammerich: The diocese of Speyer and its history , Volume 2: From the Staufer period (1125) to the beginning of the 16th century ; Kehl am Rhein 1999; ISBN 3-927095-44-3 ; Pp. 28-29.
  • Hermann Ehmer:  Matthias von Ram (m) ung. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 5, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-043-3 , Sp. 1039-1042.
  • Gerhard Fouquet: "How the cake should be" - Eating and drinking at the court of the Speyer bishop Matthias v. Ramming (1464-1478) ; in: Pfälzer Heimat 39 (1988) pp. 12-27.
  • Gerhard Fouquet: At the Udenheim court of Speyer Bishop Matthias von Rammung ; in: Hierzuland 6 (1991), issue 11, pp. 6-11.
  • Franz Haffner: The ecclesiastical reform efforts of the Speyer bishop Matthias von Rammung in the pre-Indian era (1464–1478) ; Speyer: Pilgrims, 1961.
  • Franz Haffner: The ecclesiastical reform efforts of the Speyer bishop Matthias von Rammung in the pre-GDR period (1464–1478) ; in: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 84 (1964), pp. 438–441.
  • Thomas Konietzny: The fief book of the Speyer bishop Mathias Rammung (1464–1478), GLA 67/300 ; in: Mitteilungen des Historisches Verein der Pfalz 106 (2008), pp. 215–262 [not evaluated].
  • Ellen Widder: Chancellor and law firms in the late Middle Ages. A histoire croisée princely administration in the south-west of the empire , Stuttgart 2016 (publications of the commission for historical regional studies in Baden-Württemberg, series B: Research, 204), esp. Pp. 400–500.

Web links

Commons : Matthias von Rammung  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Description of the pictures in the Historical Lexicon of Bavaria
  2. ^ Gerhard Eis and Gundolf Keil : Supplements to the author's lexicon. In: Studia neophilologica. 43, 1971, 2, pp. 377-429; here: p. 408 f. (Gerhard Eis: Matthias von Ramung )
  3. Website for the building inscription
  4. ^ Johann Friedrich Böhmer : Fontes rerum Germanicarum , Volume 4, S. XLI, Stuttgart, 1868; (Digital scan)
  5. Heraldry website u. a. with description of the coat of arms of those of Rammung
predecessor Office successor
Johannes II. Nix von Hoheneck Bishop of Speyer
1464–1478
Ludwig von Helmstatt