Adolf of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (1353-1390)
Adolf von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (* 1353 ; † February 6, 1390 in Heiligenstadt ) was Bishop of Speyer from 1371 to 1388 and as Adolf I Archbishop of Mainz from 1381 to 1390 .
He was the son of Count Adolf I of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein and great-grandson of King Adolf von Nassau . He studied in Padua and Bologna Law .
In 1371, at the age of 18, he was elected Bishop of Speyer (until 1388) and two years later, in 1373, by a part of the Mainz Cathedral Chapter as Archbishop of Mainz. Pope Gregory XI. however, appointed the Bamberg Bishop Ludwig von Meißen , a son of the Margrave of Meißen , Archbishop of Mainz. Years of armed conflict ensued, in which Emperor Charles IV , his son Wenzel , the three Margraves of Meissen (Ludwig's brothers) and Landgrave Heinrich II of Hesse took Ludwig's side. For his part, Adolf von Nassau was supported by a coalition of other princes and counts, including Duke Otto von Braunschweig-Göttingen , Count Johann von Nassau-Dillenburg , and Count Heinrich VI. von Waldeck and Count Gottfried VIII von Ziegenhain . The dispute led in particular to open fighting in 1375 and 1377/78, which particularly affected Thuringia and Eichsfeld in Mainz .
Only after the death of Gregory XI. In 1378, which led to the so-called Great Occidental Schism , an agreement was reached in 1381 regarding the Mainz Archbishopric. The antipope Clement VII confirmed Adolf as archbishop in 1379 and appointed him administrator of Speyer in 1380 . Since King Wenzel now withdrew his support from Ludwig, he renounced Mainz in 1381, as Pope Urban VI. appointed as compensation to the Archbishop of Magdeburg . Now recognized by King Wenceslas and both popes , Adolf I entered Mainz as archbishop in 1381. However, Wenzel did not give him the regalia until after Ludwig's death in 1382 . He refused the cardinal dignity offered to him by the Pope in 1384 .
From then on Adolf von Mainz was at the head of the princely party, which sought to strengthen its power against the king and cities. In order to enlarge the territorial holdings of his electorate Mainz , he led several feuds against the Landgraviate of Hesse . The disputes were financed, among others, by the money dealer Reynette .
On January 24, 1390, Adolf founded the University of Erfurt . He died two weeks later.
literature
- Rochus Freiherr von Liliencron: Adolf I. (Archbishop of Mainz) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, pp. 117-119.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Adolf von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (1353-1390). In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 39-40.
- Anton Brück: Adolf I .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 84 ( digitized version ).
- Antje Pohl: The restoration of the sarcophagus of Archbishop Adolf von Nassau in St. Martins Church in Heiligenstadt. In: Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch 12th year (2004), Verlag und Druck Mecke Duderstadt, pp. 255–263
Web links
- Adolf I. von Nassau in the Saarland biographies
- Adolf of Nassau. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website, English)
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Ludwig of Meissen |
Elector Archbishop of Mainz 1381–1390 |
Konrad II of Weinsberg |
| Lamprecht von Brunn |
Bishop of Speyer 1371–1388 |
Nicholas I of Wiesbaden |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Adolf von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Adolf I of Nassau |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Archbishop of Mainz (1381-1390) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1353 |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 6, 1390 |
| Place of death | Heiligenstadt |