Eltersdorf
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Eltersdorf
City of Erlangen
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| Height : | 280 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 6.31 km² |
| Residents : | 3512 (Dec. 31, 2010) |
| Population density : | 557 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 91058 |
| Area code : | 09131 |
 The statistical districts 50 (Eltersdorf) and 51 (St. Egidien) as well as the Eltersdorf district in Erlangen
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.jpg) Eltersdorf Aerial view of the town center (2019) in the background the Fürth / Erlangen and Erlangen interchange
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Eltersdorf is a district and a statistical district in the southeast part of the city of Erlangen in the Bavarian administrative district of Middle Franconia . The place originated in the 10th century at the latest and was first mentioned in a document in 1021. Until it was incorporated in 1972, Eltersdorf was an independent municipality. The statistical districts 50 (Eltersdorf) and 51 (St. Egidien), which comprise a large part of the Eltersdorf district, have around 3500 inhabitants today.
geography
Geographical location and traffic
The Eltersdorf district is located about five kilometers south of Erlangen city center at the Fürth / Erlangen motorway junction ( federal motorway 3 / federal motorway 73 ) and on the Nuremberg – Bamberg railway line . In the north Eltersdorf borders on the Erlangen district of Bruck , in the east there is Tennenlohe . The Knoblauchsland and the city of Nuremberg extend southeast of Eltersdorf . In the south and south-west are the Fürth districts of Mannhof and Vach . In the west, Eltersdorf is largely bounded by the Regnitz . Beyond this are the Erlangen districts of Hüttendorf , Kriegenbrunn and Frauenaurach. In 1990 the district was extended in the northwest to the Main-Danube Canal and the Middle Aurach . On the Main-Danube Canal, Eltersdorf has two nearby trimodal freight transport centers, the Erlanger port and the Frauenaurach area . A connection to passenger shipping is also possible at the Erlangen site .
The statistical districts 50 (Eltersdorf) and 51 (St. Egidien) cover a large part of the Eltersdorf district. In the north, the district boundaries run parallel to the federal motorway 3. This means that some northern areas are assigned to Eltersdorf's statistical districts, most of which are already in the neighboring town of Bruck.
Waters
Located between the northern Sebalder Reichswald and the Regnitz valley, Eltersdorf is crossed by three streams flowing in an east-west direction . At the northern edge is the so-called Langenaugraben , which is now mostly canalised . The stream, which rises in the Tennenloher Forest, once flowed through a swampy area in which peat was extracted until the middle of the 19th century . In 1899 this area was drained. Before the partial canalization through the construction of the motorway junction, residential buildings and a sports field, the ditch supplied several ponds and a natural pool with water. To the northwest of the Fürth / Erlangen motorway junction, the stream visibly flows through the so-called Stählin biotope for white storks before it flows into the Regnitz.
The Hutgraben, which rises to the west of Kalchreuth, flows through the center of Eltersdorf . The stream once ran in the area of the railway line and the A73 further north. In 1835 it received a new bed and its current course. To the west of Eltersdorf, the Hutgraben feeds some carp ponds before it flows into the Regnitz. The Hutgraben only flowed into the Gründlach until 1927 . This tributary of the Regnitz once supplied the Königsmühle with process water. The previous course across the meadow was shortened in 1927. Today there is an irrigation ditch on the old bed of the Gründlach in the Regnitz valley up to the Hutgraben.
In addition, there are some backwaters of the Regnitz in the Wiesengrund near Eltersdorf , including the Königssee (named after the nearby Königsmühle), the Buzenweiher (east of the Hüttendorfer Regnitzbrücke) and the almost silted up Schwemmsee .
history
The Regnitz valley was already used as a passage in the north-south direction in early history. Due to the relatively poor soil, however, there was hardly any early agriculture and the associated settlement activities. West of Eltersdorf, in the Erlangen district of Kriegenbrunn , an arrowhead from the Neolithic Age as well as two Celtic cremation graves and a tumulus with a diameter of 11 meters from the Urnfield Period (1300 BC to 800 BC) were discovered in 1930 . About 300 meters south one found jewelry and bronze rings from the Hallstatt period D (650-475 BC) as well as coral jewelry from the younger pre-Roman Iron Age (450 BC to the end of the 1st century BC), which is rich Settlers close. Other finds east of the village in the direction of Tennenlohe also point to settlements from the Hallstatt period.
The first mention of the clustered village , which has existed since the 10th century at the latest , is on a document dated November 13, 1021. Emperor Heinrich II. Donated all goods belonging to the court of Uraha ( Aurach ) to the bishopric of Bamberg , including the four villages of Crintilaha (Gründlach) , Waltgeresbrunnun ( Walkersbrunn ), Heribretesdorf ( Herpersdorf ) and Altrihesdorf (Eltersdorf).
In the 13th century, a wooden church consecrated to the Virgin Mary , which is believed to have been built in the 11th or 12th century, was replaced by a fortified church . Inside the preserved choir tower is the year 1227. Stonecutter marks indicate further construction activities in the late 14th and 15th centuries. Eltersdorf initially belonged to the parish and court district of Bruck .
In addition to numerous other Middle Franconian villages, Eltersdorf was plundered and burned down during the First Margrave War (1449/50). The fortified church remained intact. In 1465 the village, which was now part of Nuremberg, became an independent parish that also looked after the village of Tennenlohe.
The Reformation was introduced in 1524 . Pastor Wolfgang Vogel from Bopfingen gave the first sermon according to the Protestant order of worship. Vogel was later accused of being associated with so-called Anabaptists and rebel farmers. He was in Nuremberg underground prison detained and on 26 March 1527 the sword executed .
In the middle of the 16th century, St. Aegidius became the patron saint of the Eltersdorf community, on the edge of which the Egidienstein (also Egidiusstein ) was already at that time . The medieval stone cross is one of the landmarks of the place. Later Egidius also became patron of the Protestant village church.
In the Second Margrave War (1552–1555) the village was again burned down and devastated. Again, the fortified church was not destroyed. As a result of the war, the community remained part of the Bruck parish again until 1572. Subsequently, Pastor Andreas Hetzel took office in Eltersdorf and created a church register in the same year . In 1574 more than 205 villagers succumbed to a plague-like epidemic .
As early as 1580 Eltersdorf received a community order , which was replaced on August 29, 1616 by a new community order. After that, the Landalmosenamt Nürnberg was “village and common lord”, against which the Principality of Bayreuth, however, raised an objection.
In 1621 Bavarian troops and imperial soldiers under Ferdinand II plundered the entire place including the church. In the further course of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), a large part of the village population fell victim to the plague and other acts of war. In September 1632 withdrawing troops from the battle of the Alte Veste burned the place down to the church, the rectory and a few other buildings. Two years later the rectory was destroyed. In 1638 the pastor from Eltersdorf wrote during his exile in Nuremberg: "[...] I couldn't do anything in Eltersdorf because the people were even scattered by the roaming soldiers, the whole village became desolate and remained completely uninhabited [...] ". The reconstruction of all the destroyed buildings was not largely completed until around 1700.
According to Baiersdorf's official description from 1714, Eltersdorf was jointly owned by the Principality of Bayreuth, the Principality of Ansbach and the City of Nuremberg. From 1792 Eltersdorf belonged to the Prussian administrative area Ansbach-Bayreuth . During the coalition wars, the village was occupied in 1800. Battles took place on the Regnitz and Vach rivers. From 1806 Eltersdorf became part of the French Empire . With the signing of the Paris Treaty on February 28, 1810, the area fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria .
In 1827 the village got a new cemetery after the old burial place behind the once fortified church wall had become too small. When building the new cemetery wall on the north-western edge of the village, stones from the old church defensive wall were used.
In 1838 construction began on the Erlangen-Fürth district road that ran through Eltersdorf. In 1843 the Nuremberg-Bamberg section of the Ludwig-Danube-Main Canal was considered completed. It ran east of the village center on today's federal motorway 73. Just one year later, the Nuremberg – Bamberg railway line opened as part of the Ludwig-Süd-Nord-Bahn . Eltersdorf received its own train station (today a stop), which from 1846 housed the offices of the so-called rail and post expeditor. At that time the village consisted of about 80 residential buildings. Local craftsmen were four shopkeepers , two bakers, a butcher , six landlords, a bath , four tailors, three shoemakers, six weavers , a belt maker, a carpenter, a blacksmith and two tobacco manufacturers.
After Bayern had decided on 22 February 1849 as the first German state to introduce stamps, Eltersdorf won both the location stamp the Millwheelcancel with the number 71. Launched on December 1, 1856 stamp with the number 108 remained to 9 March 1869 in use . The first industrial enterprise in the still rural town was a brick factory built in 1857 west of the train station by the Fürth entrepreneur Jean Eckart with a direct rail connection. After a few years, production was switched to steam. In 1877 another brick factory was built by a Belgian manufacturer.
During the German War of 1866, eight Eltersdorfers were drafted, one of whom fell at the front. In 1870 the Eltersdorf Volunteer Fire Brigade was founded. In the Franco-Prussian War (1870/71) two of the 18 drafted villagers died. In 1876, a veterans' association and the pleasure club satisfaction was founded . In 1890 a choir was founded.
In 1909, the long-dilapidated nave and the sacristy of the village church were replaced by a new building with the help of the Nuremberg architect Theodor Eyrich . With the introduction of street lighting in 1911, Eltersdorf received its own power grid . After the end of the First World War (1914–1918), 25 residents of the small town were believed to have been killed or missing.
Due to the separation of the postal service from the railroad service and the associated closure of the post office in the station in 1923, a post office was set up in 1924 . In 1928 it was converted into Post Office II and in 1950 into Post Office I.
During the Second World War 1939–1945 there were at least 36 dead and 22 missing in the village. On April 16, 1945 artillery fighting broke out in the village, killing nine (according to other sources six) villagers.
In 1953 there were at least 260 displaced persons among the 1,093 Eltersdorf residents . The rapid economic upswing in the Nuremberg metropolitan region in the post-war period resulted in enormous growth in the village. In 1960 a special purpose association of the municipalities of Eltersdorf, Frauenaurach, Hüttendorf , Kriegenbrunn and Tennenlohe set up the central water supply. 1961 began with the construction of the sewer system. Street names were introduced in the same year.
With the opening of the Nuremberg- Schlüsselfeld section of the federal motorway 3 on December 19, 1963 and the construction of the Frankenschnellweg in 1965, Eltersdorf had a connection to the motorway network. In 1965 a primary and partial secondary school was built. In 1969 the new town hall ( Egidienhaus ) and in 1970 the Catholic Church of St. Kunigund were consecrated.
On July 1, 1972, the place, now with 3,142 inhabitants and an area of 6.18 square kilometers in the city of Erlangen has been incorporated . In 1977 the Königsmühle (4.33 ha ) south of Eltersdorf was incorporated . On Sunday, March 25, 1984, a severe gas explosion followed by fire in the immediate vicinity. By deploying more than 450 firefighters, it was largely possible to prevent the flames from spreading to the historic building and the nearby forest. Since the accident occurred in the early hours of the morning, no people were harmed.
Population development
- 1846: 565
- 1875: 587
- 1888: 591
- 1904: 580
- 1925: 650
- 1953: 1093
- 1961: 1549
- 1972: 3142
- 1990: 3762
- 2008: 3796
- 2010: 3512
Architectural monuments
Egidienkirche
The Evangelical Lutheran Egidien Church is Eltersdorf's most important landmark. The three-storey choir tower dates from the 13th century, the neo-Gothic nave was built in 1909 in place of a previous building. The square chancel in the tower is of medieval origin with a groin vault and a mural exposed in 1967/68, which was probably made around 1400. The latter presumably shows Saint Hildegard von Bingen and the Archangel Michael with a raised sword in the right hand and soul scales in the left hand. The altar dates from the late 18th century. The most important work of art in the church is the sorrow picture from 1513 in the side aisle. It shows six scenes from the life of the fictional saint. In the garden of the church, the former cemetery of the village, there are some tombs as well as a former cemetery building with the names 1712, 1789, 1880 and 1968. The associated rectory with garden wall and courtyard entrance was built from 1936 to 1938 according to plans by the architect Eberhard Braun.
Königsmühle
The Königsmühle at the southern entrance to the village is an old Hohenstaufen royal estate, the history of which goes back to the 14th century. The district Königsmühle belongs since 1977 to the city of Erlangen (previously the district Fürth ). The mill operation was stopped in the 1960s.
Historic farmhouses
Despite numerous modernizations and the demolition of old buildings during the 20th century, some historic farmhouses have been preserved in the village center . These include the following properties:
- Egidienplatz 4: Residential stable house made of sandstone blocks with half-timbered gable , gable roof (18th century) and associated half-timbered barn (around 1700).
- Egidienstraße 21: residential stable made of sandstone blocks with corner volutes and courtyard entrance (1777)
- Eltersdorfer Straße 18 - barn house made of sandstone blocks (18th century)
- Eltersdorfer Straße 52: residential stable made of sandstone blocks with volute gable (1748)
- Weinstraße 1: barn house made of sandstone blocks (1785)
Eltersdorf stop
The station building at the stop on the Nuremberg – Bamberg railway line, made of sandstone blocks, dates from 1844 and is one of the oldest station buildings in Bavaria. Next to it is a two-story brick building from the second half of the 19th century. This served as a railway house.
| line | route | Clock frequency |
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Bamberg - Strullendorf - Hirschaid - Buttenheim - Eggolsheim - Forchheim - Kersbach - Baiersdorf - Bubenreuth - Erlangen - Erlangen Paul-Gossen-Strasse - Erlangen-Bruck - Eltersdorf - Vach - Fürth-Unterfarrnbach - Fürth main station - Nuremberg Rothenburger Strasse - Nuremberg-Steinbühl - Nuremberg main station - Nuremberg-Dürrenhof - Nuremberg-Ostring - Nuremberg-Mögeldorf - Nuremberg-Rehhof - Nuremberg-Laufamholz - Schwaig - Röthenbach (Pegnitz) - Steinberg - Seespitze - Lauf West - Lauf (left Pegnitz) - Ottensoos - Henfenfeld - Hersbruck ( left Pegnitz) - Happurg - Pommelsbrunn - Hartmannshof | 20 min |
Egidienstein
The Egidienstein , east of the village center, is a well-preserved, historical stone cross about 1.90 meters high . The three-pass-shaped hall monument made of sandstone shows a relief of St. Egidius with a crook and a doe at his feet under the inscription S. EGIDIVS .
Cross stone
Another medieval stone cross, the so-called Kreuzstein , is located on the northern edge of the village in Kreuzsteinstrasse. The well-preserved monument shows a rough relief of a figure of Christ and probably dates from the 15th century.
Monument objects
At the underpass of the Weinstrasse through the federal highway 73, a 5.80 m high pin and a memorial plaque reminds of the Ludwig-Danube-Main Canal that once ran here . The work of art was designed by the artist Isi Kunath in 2002 and is part of the Monument Objects project , which was created on the occasion of the 1000th anniversary of the city of Erlangen. At a total of 16 locations, reference is made to monuments that no longer exist in Erlangen. The Eltersdorfer Stecknadel is the only one outside the city center.
music
- Häsig blousn
- Musikverein Eltersdorf and Youth Orchestra 1967 e. V.
- Main orchestra
- Youth orchestra
- Wind class
- Trombone Choir Eltersdorf
- Men's Choir 1890 Eltersdorf
Sports
- Schützengesellschaft Eltersdorf 1913 eV
- The A-team of the sports club Sport-Club 1926 eV Eltersdorf (SCE) played in the Bavarian regional league in the 2012/13 season and played its home games at the Langenau sports complex .
- Narrlangia Rot-Weiß eV - Carnival - Society Erlangen
Personalities
- Johann Friedrich Heinrich Panzer (1764–1815), son of the bibliographer Georg Wolfgang Panzer and brother of the botanist Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer , was a pastor in Eltersdorf and wrote articles on church history.
Others
The inhabitants of Eltersdorf are also popularly known as Queckenpelzer . Since the unpopular couch grass has always been widespread in the light sandy soils around Eltersdorf, local farmers had to invest a lot of effort and time in combating (“fur”) the weeds . Resourceful Eltersdorf farmers once sold the dried plants as a raw material for medicinal products at the Nuremberg market, which gave the Eltersdorf people the derisive name.
literature
- Evangelical Lutheran Parish Office Egidienkirche Eltersdorf (Hrsg.): Evaluation of the oldest church book of the Evangelical Lutheran. Parish 1572–1667 . Eltersdorf 1977, p. 156 pages .
- Christoph Friederich, Bertold Freiherr von Haller, Andreas Jakob (Hrsg.): Erlanger Stadtlexikon . W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2002, ISBN 3-921590-89-2 ( online ).
- Erich Birkholz, Hans Jobst Rohmer: Eltersdorf. The résumé of our homeland . Self-published by Erich Birkholz, Erlangen-Eltersdorf 2006.
- Erich Birkholz: Eltersdorf. History and development of the Protestant parish . Self-published, Erlangen-Eltersdorf 2009.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Data on the statistical districts of the city of Erlangen: Eltersdorf; District 50 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Erich Birkholz, Hans Jobst Rohmer: Eltersdorf. The résumé of our homeland. Erich Birkholz. Erlangen-Eltersdorf 2006, pp. 407-409.
- ↑ Erich Birkholz, Hans Jobst Rohmer: Eltersdorf. The résumé of our homeland. Erich Birkholz. Erlangen-Eltersdorf 2006, pp. 93–96.
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 458 .
- ↑ Men's Choir 1890 Eltersdorf
At the Anger | Age-long | Bruck | Büchenbach | Buckenhofer settlement | Castle Hill | Dechsendorf | Eltersdorf | Frauenaurach | Houseling | Hut village | Downtown | Königsmühle | Kosbach | Kriegenbrunn | Neuses | Neumühle | Röthelheimpark | Schallershof | Sebaldus settlement | Sieglitzhof | Steudach | Tennenlohe