Michael Wolgemut

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Michael Wolgemut (* 1434 in Nuremberg ; † November 30, 1519 there ; also Michael Wohlgemut or Michael Wohlgemuth ) was a painter and a master of the woodcut . He was a student of Hans Pleydenwurff and the most important representative of the older Franconian school as well as Albrecht Dürer's role model and teacher .

Michael Wolgemut, portrait by Albrecht Dürer

He also worked on the order of the Saxon Elector Frederick the Wise in the design of his castle in Wittenberg . Due to the effects of the war, his creative work in Wittenberg was lost. So also a portrait of his client, the Elector Frederick the Wise.

Life and work

Bust of Wolgemut in the Ruhmeshalle , Munich
Keyper epitaph
Dance of the skeleton (resurrection of the dead) in: Schedel'sche Weltchronik p. 261. The seventh age of the world
Petri distress

Wolgemut was born in Nuremberg in 1434 and seems to have been formed in Flanders or at least according to Flemish paintings. He was a student of the renowned Munich painter Gabriel Angler , and around 1471 worked as a journeyman in Gabriel Maleßkircher's workshop . He then founded an influential, busy painting workshop in Nuremberg, where he was first mentioned in a document in 1473, which Albrecht Dürer also joined at the end of 1486. It can be assumed that Wolgemut, who married Hans Pleydenwurff's widow , probably his former employer, had taken over his workshop. The world chronicle illustration is a joint work by Wolgemut and his stepson Wilhelm Pleydenwurff .

Panel painting

A large number of carved altars with painted wings emerged from Wolgemut's studio, most of which are handcrafted with the help of journeymen. The most outstanding are four wings with depictions of the story of Christ from 1465 (in the Munich Pinakothek ), the altar of St. Mary's Cathedral in Zwickau with scenes from the youth and the Passion of Christ and the Peringsdörfer altar (today in the Friedenskirche , Nuremberg ) with eight male and female saints and scenes from the legend of St. Vitus . The Peringsdörfer Altar may also be the work of an unknown master . Another high altar from Wolgemut's workshop is located in the " Stadtkirche Schwabach St. John the Baptist and St. Martin " in Schwabach.

His main works are the paintings in the council chamber in Goslar , scenes from the childhood of Christ on the ceiling and figures of emperors and sibyls on the walls. But these could possibly also come from the workshop of the unknown master of the Goslar Sibyls . Wolgemut also painted portraits. In his better paintings, executed by himself, he appears as one of the Flemish painters both in the delicacy of the execution and in the feeling of an artist; the shapes tend to be angular, the types rather monotonous and sometimes of exaggerated ugliness.

Printmaking

Wolgemut also drew templates for woodcuts, including for the illustrations in the Schatzbehalter (Nuremberg 1491) by Stephan Fridolin and 1809 woodcuts for the Weltchronik (Nuremberg 1493) by Hartmann Schedel (somewhat a representation of the resurrection of the dead), which gave the impetus for rapid further development gave this art through and under Albrecht Dürer . In the Schedel'schen Weltchronik u. a. the double-sided view of Nuremberg, ascribed, the first printed view of its kind.

Wolgemut, on the other hand, did not create any copperplate engravings.

family

Michael Wolgemut is the son of Valentin Wolgemut († 1469) and his wife Anna († around 1495). His father was a painter and was probably his son's teacher. In 1473 he married Barbara Pleydenwurff, widow of the painter Hans Pleydenwurff . It is believed that he was the journeyman. After the death of his first wife, he married a Christine († 1550).

He worked on Schedel's world chronicle with a Wilhelm Pleydenwurff , probably Hans's son .

Works

literature

  • Matthias Mende (Ed.): Albrecht Dürer. An artist in his city . Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-921590-84-1 (also related to Michael Wolgemut).
  • Erwin Panofsky : The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer ("The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer", 1971). Verlag Rogner & Bernhard, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-8077-0073-0 (also related to Michael Wolgemut).
  • Berthold Riehl, Sigmunsd Soldan: Dürer's and Wolgemut's paintings in reproductions based on the originals . Soldan publishing house, Nuremberg 1885 ff. (7 vols.)
  • Wolgemut, Michael . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 16, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 731.
  • Steffi Bodechtel (Ed.): The Zwickauer Wolgemut Altar. Contributions to history, iconography, authorship and restoration . Oettel-Verlag, Görlitz 2008, ISBN 978-3938583-18-0 .
  • Maximilian Benker: Ulm in Nuremberg. Simon Lainberger and the carvers for Michael Wolgemut . VDG, Weimar 2004, ISBN 3-89739-365-4 (also dissertation, FU Berlin 1999).
  • Woldemar von Seidlitz :  Wolgemut, Michel . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 55, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1910, pp. 118-122.
  • Harriet Brinkmöller-Gandlau:  Michael Wolgemut. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 14, Bautz, Herzberg 1998, ISBN 3-88309-073-5 , Sp. 41-43.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Benno Baumbauer, Dagmar Hirschfelder, Manuel Tegt-Welz: Michael Wolgemut - More than Dürer's teacher . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-7954-3470-0 .
  • Daniel Hess, Dagmar Hirschfelder, Katja von Baum (eds.): The paintings of the late Middle Ages in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum , Franconia, Volume 1. With contributions by Katja von Baum, Lisa Eckstein, Beate Fücker, Judith Hentschel, Daniel Hess, Dagmar Hirschfelder u. a. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-7954-3398-7 .

Web links

Commons : Michael Wolgemut  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

This article is based on a text in the public domain from Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 4th edition from 1888 to 1890.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Xaver Schnieper: The Schedelsche Weltchronik: an introduction and appreciation . Ed .: Swiss Bibliophile Society. tape 7 , no. 3-4 , 1950, pp. 94 , doi : 10.5169 / SEALS-387655 ( e-periodica.ch [accessed on April 15, 2020]).
  2. ↑ Elfriede Würl: Kosmas and Damian. Your impact history in Franconia. In: Würzburg specialist prose studies. Contributions to medieval medicine, pharmacy and class history from the Würzburg Medical History Institute, [Festschrift] Michael Holler on his 60th birthday. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995 (= Würzburg medical-historical research , 38), ISBN 3-8260-1113-9 , pp. 134–155; here: p. 151.
  3. ↑ DIRECTORY OF THE v.DERSCHAUISCHE Kunstkabinett zu NÜRNBERG .... Nuremberg, at the obligated auctionator Schmidmer., 1825., 250 p., Directory of rare art collections., 1825., Google Books, online , p. 4 and 5
personal data
SURNAME Wolgemut, Michael
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wohlgemut, Michael; Wohlgemuth, Michael
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter and master of the woodcut; Representatives of the older Franconian school
DATE OF BIRTH 1434
PLACE OF BIRTH Nuremberg
DATE OF DEATH November 30, 1519
Place of death Nuremberg