Powerhouse

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City of Nuremberg
Coordinates: 49 ° 30 ′ 45 ″  N , 11 ° 2 ′ 48 ″  E
Height : 308 m above sea level NHN
Area : 2.4 km²
Residents : 815  (December 31, 2015)
Population density : 339 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1930
Postal code : 90427
Area code : 0911
map
Location of the statistical district 76 Kraftshof in Nuremberg
Church of St. Georg in Kraftshof
Church of St. Georg in Kraftshof

Kraftshof has been part of the municipality of Nuremberg since January 1, 1930 ( city ​​district 7 - northwestern outer city ) and is located in Knoblauchsland . The place with about 700 inhabitants is located north of the city on the outskirts of Nuremberg Airport .

geography

location

The district is located about seven kilometers northwest of Nuremberg's old town and about ten kilometers south of Erlangen's city ​​center . In the north is Neunhof and the local border runs in the field. In the east, the Sebalder Reichswald represents the natural boundary. South of Kraftshof, Buch is located below Erlanger Strasse. The grounds of Nuremberg Airport are adjacent to the southeast. In the west runs the federal highway 4 (Erlanger Straße), which connects the two cities Nuremberg and Erlangen as a radial road. Boxdorf is located next to the main road.

Neighboring statistical districts
Neunhof
Boxing village Neighboring communities
book Almoshof Airport

Flowing waters

The regulated Kothbrunngraben crosses the northern part of the village in an east-west direction. The flowing water connects the Sebalder Reichswald with the northern town center of Kraftshof and flows into the Gründlach in Boxdorf .

Natural allocation

According to the natural division of Germany (according to Meynen / Schmithüsen et al.), Kraftshof is located in the area of ​​the main natural unit 113, the Middle Franconian Basin , which is embedded in the main natural unit group Franconian Keuper-Lias-Land (according to Ssymank). In the species and biotope protection program of the city of Nuremberg, further natural sub-units were formed. The district is located in the natural area subunit Knoblauchsland .

geology

The landscape of Kraftshof is determined by the sandstone keuper of the Nuremberg basin. It occurred Coburg sandstone and blasensandstein evident. The bubble sandstone is stored under the Coburg sandstone and mostly consists of fine to medium-grain, light sandstone. The Coburg sandstone forms a flat, maximum 14 meters thick geological step. Between the two geological units there are thin intermediate layers of clayey, often red colored baselets (Keuperletten) of the Hassberge formation .

The Mesozoic and Early Paleozoic overburden is overlaid by Quaternary valley fillings in the floodplains of the Kothbrunngraben .

Aeolian sediments from the Ice Age in the form of Pleistocene drifting sands are widespread in the southeast of the district .

Brown earth soils have developed on the Keup layers . The groundwater-shaped locations, especially in the valley areas with a greater influence of the groundwater accompanying flow of the flowing waters, have a clayey soil. The soil types gley - and pseudogley - as well as gley brown earth occur on these moist locations.

fauna

The open landscape around Kraftshof offers a number of breeding birds such as quail (Coturnix coturnix) , partridge (Perdix perdix) , wagtail (Motacilla flava) , skylark (Alauda arvensis) and ortolan (Emberiza hortulana) suitable habitat conditions.

Usage structure

View from the northeast, 2004

The usage structure and characteristics of Kraftshof are characterized by a slightly agitated topography and a mixture of agricultural farmsteads, village living structures and small businesses. The agricultural and horticultural use that has been practiced for centuries is characterized by moderate land consolidation measures, narrow parcels, modern irrigation systems and large-scale greenhouse systems in the southeast of the village.

history

In 1269 the clearing site was first mentioned in a document as "Craphteshof". The certificate was drawn up by Abbot Mauritius from the Egidienkloster in Nuremberg and included an exchange of goods. The prioress and sisters of the Magdalenenkloster gave the Egidienkloster a farm in Craphteshof in exchange for an estate in Krottenbach . The name can be interpreted as the courtyard of a Krafto. Kraftshof was part of a wreath of individual farms and villages around the imperial city of Nuremberg, which had to cover the economic needs of the royal court under the Staufer emperors.

The place was an old imperial estate and belonged to the Lords of Berg until the 14th century . A farm was given as an after-fief to the patrician family Kreß von Kressenstein . In 1357 Brechtel Cresse sold the farm to his brother-in-law Konrad Ehinger, who developed the property into a fortified mansion with a stone manor house and opened it to the imperial city of Nuremberg in 1370 . The right to open gave the Nuremberg Council the right to send its city soldiers to the town for defense purposes in times of war. Kraftshof was one of the oldest fortified outposts in Nuremberg. In the following years, the owners of the stone house with pond, ditch and garden changed and finally the seat came back to the Kreß family (brothers Konrad and Ulrich) in 1429. The manor was destroyed in the First Margrave War (1449).

Kraftshof with the fortified church of St. Georgen and the Kressenstein Castle, newly built around 1457 (around 1630)

Hieronymus Kreß had a new manor built in its immediate vicinity around 1457. Previously, he had a simple half-timbered upper floor and a saddle roof with bell towers, which was known as the "summer house", placed on the preserved basement of the old manor house. In the Thirty Years' War the new Kressische Wasserschloss was burned down in 1634, next to the rectory, forge and numerous other buildings, while the "summer house" was preserved. It was not until 1712/13 that Georg Adolf Kreß had a representative two-storey baroque mansion with a hipped roof built on the site of the earlier economic building. This was destroyed in World War II. The “summer house” sitting on the base of the old castle stable contained the Kreß family archive until 1934 and is still there today. The Kressenstein Kresses, who exercised the manorial rule over most of the local farmers, also held the church patronage until 1969 over the Kraftshofer fortified church founded by Friedrich Kress in 1315 and still hold land today.

For centuries, the high court over the place between the Brandenburg-Bayreuth Oberamt Baiersdorf and the imperial city of Nuremberg was disputed. Towards the end of the 18th century there were 52 properties in Kraftshof. The von Kreß family senior council was in charge of the village and community . The landlords were the Sebaldi forest office of the imperial city of Nuremberg (5 estates, 3 estates) and the Nuremberg proprietors von Behaim (2 estates ), von Grundherr (1 estate, 3 estates ), von Gugel (2 estates), von Haller (1 estate), von Kreß (castle, 1 half courtyard, 2 quarter courtyards, 10 estates, 8 estates), Burkard von Löffelholz'scher Familien-Fideikomiss (1 estate ), Dr. Wagler (1 good), von Welser (1 good, 10 small good).

In 1796 Kraftshof, like the entire Knoblauchsland, was placed under the administration of Prussia and handed over to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810 . As part of the municipal edict, the Kraftshof tax district was formed in 1813 , to which the towns of Lohe and Neunhof belonged. In the same year the rural community Kraftshof was founded, which was congruent with the tax district. With the second community edict (1818) three rural communities were formed:

  • Rural community Kraftshof;
  • Rural community Lohe;
  • Neunhof rural community.

The administration and jurisdiction of the rural community of Kraftshof was subordinate to the Erlangen Regional Court and the tax office to the Erlangen Rent Office . In voluntary jurisdiction, 5 properties from 1822 to 1835 were subject to the Patrimonial Court (PG) Boxdorf , 3 properties from 1823 to 1848 to the PG Gebersdorf , 1 property from 1821 to 1848 to the PG Großgründlach , 11 properties from 1821 to 1835 to the PG Groß- und Kleingschaidt , 13 properties until 1828 the PG Kraftshof, 2 properties from 1822 to 1835 the PG Leyh , 11 properties from 1802 to 1846 the PG Neunhof , 1 property from 1821 to 1835 the PG Steinach . From 1862 Kraftshof was administered by the Fürth district office. In 1862 jurisdiction was transferred to the Fürth District Court , and since 1880 it has been with the Fürth District Court . The financial management was taken over in 1871 by the Rentamt Fürth (renamed Finanzamt Fürth in 1920 ). The municipality had an area of ​​2.016 km². On January 1, 1930, Kraftshof was incorporated into Nuremberg and administered by the Nuremberg Local Court and Tax Office.

Population development until 1925

year 1818 1840 1852 1855 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925
Residents 395 403 396 396 410 424 427 408 427 426 436 459 470 461 494 486 512
Houses 60 62 74 81 84 96
source

religion

The place has been predominantly Protestant since the Reformation. The residents of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination are parish to St. Georg (Kraftshof) , the residents of the Roman Catholic denomination are parish to St. Thomas (Boxdorf) .

Attractions

Church of St. Georg with the fortified cemetery

Church of St. George, 2011
Entrance portal to the maze
Gasthaus Schwarzer Adler , 2011
Access to the fortified church
Interior of the fortified church

After destruction in the Second World War , the ensemble of the fortified cemetery was rebuilt in the traditional forms. The medieval church of St. Georg (formerly also St. Mary and Holy Cross) is a fortified church and is completely surrounded by a wall with battlements and corner towers. A rich equipment is inside.

Friedrich Kreß probably had the church built as a branch of Poppenreuth between 1305 and 1315, parts of which are still preserved in the choir tower today. A good century later the nave was extended (1438). The facility, which was destroyed in many parts in 1943, was reconstructed with funds from the brothers Samuel and Rush Kreß until 1952. The church ensemble was renovated from 2005 to 2011.

Manor, farmhouses and maze

On the western edge of the village, the remains of the manor of the barons Kreß von Kressenstein, the so-called "Kressenstein", have been preserved. In the main street you can find farmhouses from the 18th and 19th centuries.

Approx. 500 m east of the village is the “ Irrhain ” of the Pegnese Order of Flowers , which today functions as a literary memorial with wrong paths. The entrance portal and the adjoining oak alley (“Green Walk”) as well as some grave and memorials have been preserved. Since the “Irrhain” also serves as a natural monument, trees and other plants are allowed to grow without intervention.

traffic

A communal road runs to a junction with federal highway 4 (0.9 km south) or after Neunhof on district road N 3 (1 km north). Another communal road runs to Boxdorf (1.5 km northwest).

Public transport is served by the city ​​bus number 31.

literature

Web links

Commons : Kraftshof  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ City of Nuremberg, Office for Urban Research and Statistics for Nuremberg and Fürth (ed.): Statistical Yearbook of the City of Nuremberg 2016 . December 2015, ISSN  0944-1514 , 18 Statistical City Districts and Districts, p. 244–245 , p. 245 ( nuernberg.de [PDF; 6.3 MB ; accessed on November 1, 2017]).
  2. ↑ a b Kraftshof in the Bavaria Atlas
  3. ↑ Map of the main natural space units and natural space units in Bavaria. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on February 22, 2018 .
  4. ↑ a b c WGF landscape: basic investigation in the Gründlachtal: research, evaluation and consolidation of the data bases. City of Nuremberg, Environment Agency, July 2017, accessed on February 22, 2018 .
  5. ↑ a b Andreas Otto: UmweltAtlas Bayern Geologie. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on February 22, 2018 .
  6. ↑ UmweltAtlas Bayern - Boden. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on February 22, 2018 .
  7. ↑ Justification for the master plan of the development plan No. 4628 "Knoblauchsland" for an area between the southwestern outskirts of Neunhof, south of Soosweg, the city limits, north of Reuthweg, the northeastern outskirts of Kraftshof and east of Kraftshofer Hauptstrasse. City of Nuremberg, November 11, 2015, accessed on February 18, 2018 .
  8. ↑ a b c d Preparatory studies for the development and renewal of the Kraftshof district. City of Nuremberg, February 2014, accessed on February 18, 2018 .
  9. ↑ a b c H. Rusam: Kraftshof , in: Stadtlexikon Nürnberg , p. 580f.
  10. ^ Dieter Piechullek: Knoblauchsland cultural area . A. Hofmann, Nuremberg 1995, ISBN 978-3-87191-199-6 , p. 44 .
  11. ^ A b c Robert Giersch, Andreas Schlunk, Bertold von Haller: Castles and mansions in the Nuremberg countryside . Ed .: Altnürnberger Landschaft eV :. 1st edition. W.Tümmels Buchdruckerei und Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Nuremberg 2006, ISBN 978-3-00-020677-1 , p. 236 ff .
  12. ↑ Bernd Schuldes: Kraftshof - in Knoblauchsland. Retrieved February 18, 2018 .
  13. ↑ HH Hofmann, p. 133. There incorrectly stated 50 properties.
  14. ↑ HH Hofmann, p. 241; Address and statistical handbook for the Rezatkreis in the Kingdom of Baiern . Buchdruckerei Chancellery, Ansbach 1820, p. 31 ( digitized version ).
  15. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1229 ( digitized version ).
  16. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 602 .
  17. ^ W. Hofmann, p. 241.
  18. ↑ Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were designated as fireplaces , in 1840 as houses , and from 1871 to 1925 as residential buildings.
  19. ↑ Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkkreis according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 50 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ Eduard Vetter (Ed.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 91 ( digitized version ).
  21. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria in the period from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 172 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
  22. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1028 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1192 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
  24. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1123 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1191 ( digitized version ).