Egidienkloster Nuremberg

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The Schottenkloster St. Egidien (also: Egidienkloster Nürnberg or Schottenkloster St. Agidien ) is a former Benedictine monastery in Nuremberg in Bavaria . The Egidienkirche , the main church of the Evangelical-Lutheran parish of St. Egidien , still stands on Egidienplatz today .

history

Romanesque Eucharius chapel, vaulted around 1220/30, view of the interior around 1860

The monastery consecrated to St. Aegidius was founded by King Konrad III. (r. 1138–1152) founded on the site of a royal court. Konrad and his wife Gertrud made Carus, the abbot of the Regensburg Schottenkloster , their chaplain and entrusted him and his successors in Nuremberg with the Egidienkirche, a former Martinskirche, “so that the Scots there the grace of the Most High for the existence of the empire and the well-being of the Want to implore the royal family. "

In the 12th century, the successor Abbot Declanus built a new church from sandstone, a three-aisled basilica in Romanesque style, financed with royal funds. In the so-called Haiden or Wolfgang chapel, accessible from the transept of the church, one suspects the remains of the first stone monastery house.

In 1264 the ties between the monastery and the royal court were loosened when Pope Urban IV issued a papal letter of protection and granted the right to freely elect an abbot. In 1340 Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian transferred the exercise of royal rights to the monastery from the unloved Reichslandvogt to the Nuremberg Reichsschultheiss . From its sphere of influence the city council of Nuremberg finally got influence on the monastery.

At the beginning of the 15th century, the city and the bishop of Bamberg wanted to reform the Egidienkloster in order to lift the dilapidated monastery discipline; However, the latter called the burgrave of Nuremberg for his protection . Burgrave Friedrich VI. then reached the king that he recognized in 1415 the patronage of the burgrave over the Egidienkloster. The reform was only postponed for a short time, because in 1418 monks from the reformed monastery of Kastl in the Upper Palatinate moved into the Egidienkloster and re-established strict discipline. The monastery experienced a new heyday, which was reflected externally in several construction measures. In 1438 and 1441 the general chapter of the order met in the Egidienkloster. In 1520 Abbot Georg had to leave the monastery after a Bamberg visit ; his successor Friedrich Pistorius (* 1486; † 1553) was instrumental in the religious talk that took place in March 1525 in the Nuremberg town hall and introduced the Reformation in Nuremberg. Two months later, the monastery property was transferred to the city's alms fund, and the monastery was thus dissolved.

Egidienkirche and monastery before the fire in 1696
The baroque building of the grammar school instead of the monastery complex. Engraving around 1720

In 1526, the Wittenberg scholar Philipp Melanchthon set up a high school in the buildings , the Aegidianum, according to the city council . In 1575 it was relocated to Altdorf and in 1633 it was relocated to Nuremberg; the first preacher working at St. Egidien became the director of the grammar school.

After the Peace of Augsburg there were two unsuccessful attempts to regain the former monastery property for the Benedictine order, namely in 1578 by the Scottish Bishop John Leslie on behalf of the Catholic Queen Maria Stuart , and in 1629–1631 by an Episcopal-Bamberg commission to carry out a Roman edict of restitution.

In the night of July 6th to 7th, 1696 the church and the former monastery building burned down. The church and school were rebuilt in the early 18th century and consecrated on September 4, 1718 as the only baroque church in Nuremberg.

See also

literature

  • Evangelical Luth. Parish Office St. Egidien (Ed.): St. Egidien 1718-1959. Festschrift for the rededication of St. Egidienkirche in Nuremberg. Nuremberg 1959, 56 pages
  • Helmut Flachenecker : Schottenklöster. Irish Benedictine convents in high medieval Germany (sources and research from the field of history NS 18), Paderborn et al. 1995.
  • Stefan Weber : Irish on the continent. The life of Marianus Scottus of Regensburg and the beginnings of the Irish “Schottenklöster” , Heidelberg 2010.

swell

  1. ↑ Quotation from: St. Egidien 1718–1959, p. 9
  2. ↑ St. Egidien 1718–1959, p. 11
  3. ↑ St. Egidien 1718–1959, p. 13

Web links

Coordinates: 49 ° 27 '23 "  N , 11 ° 4' 54"  E