Reichsschultheiß (Nuremberg)
The Reichsschultheiß (also Reichsvogt , Reichslandvogt ) was an imperial official who exercised jurisdiction over the citizens of Nuremberg since the end of the 12th century .
history
The city lord of Nuremberg was initially the respective king or emperor when it was founded. Conrad III. , who had the imperial castle built in place of an older defensive tower around 1040, the Austrian Counts of Raab , who were soon referred to as burgraves , appointed castellans there . In 1192 they died with Konrad II von Raabs and Heinrich VI. thereupon enfeoffed his son-in-law Friedrich I von Zollern from a Swabian family that had not yet appeared very much with the burgrave of Nuremberg. In connection with the reassignment of the fief, Heinrich VI. but the powers of the burgrave: administration and jurisdiction for the imperial city under the Nuremberg castle were transferred to an imperial school who also acted there as the emperor's deputy. In the following centuries, the city's sense of independence from the burgrave grew and the authority within the city was primarily exercised by the imperial school.
In the course of the 13th and 14th centuries, the Inner Council , striving for self-government , increasingly pushed back the influence of the Reichsschultheissen appointed by the king and gradually curtailed its powers in order to take over all sovereign rights. This emancipation process seemed to be in danger for a short time when Nuremberg threatened to sink into a Bavarian country town through pledging between 1269 and 1273.
The monarchs themselves supported the separation of Nuremberg through numerous privileges. Particularly important were: The Great Freedom Letter from King Friedrich II. From 1219, the Henricianum from Emperor Henry VII. , The exemption from the jurisdiction of the court and regional court and the spiritual jurisdiction by King Ludwig IV. From 1315 and the independent jurisdiction granted in 1320 in criminal matters and the granting of high jurisdiction (also: Fraisch ). The Inner Council also made itself independent of the involvement of the Reichsschultheissen in tax and trade legislation. In the course of the 14th century, the council received further former royal powers and became completely independent city authority.
The Reichsschultheiß often came from the circle of the Nuremberg families capable of counseling ( Nuremberg patriciate ) and was bound by the judgment of the lay judges and committed to the impartial administration of justice by the Inner Council. From 1338 the king pledged the office to Konrad Groß and from 1365 to the burgraves from the Zollern family , who in turn pledged it to the imperial city of Nuremberg in 1385 . This pledge was declared irrevocable as early as 1396. Friedrich VI. , the last burgrave, finally sold the Reichsschultheißenamt to Nuremberg in 1427. Since then the Reichsschultheiß was an official of the council, whose activities were limited to military and representative tasks. The Reichsschultheiß had an apartment in the Nuremberg castle .
In 1571 the Reichsschultheissenamt was transferred to Andreas I. Imhoff , who combined it in personal union with the highest imperial city office of the Vordersten Losungers (administrator of the city taxes ) and was thus also the direct representative of the imperial authority in the city. Only on April 22, 1617 was the merger of the two offices officially established by a council resolution.
With the transfer of the imperial city of Nuremberg to the Kingdom of Bavaria, the office of the Reichsschultheissen was dissolved.
Nuremberg Reich Schools (excerpt)
- Giselher, about 1216 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad Bigenot ( Eseler ) (1165–1245), (Old Nuremberg family, also Essler, Asinarii, Asinatores), from 1225/6 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Eberhard (without further information), from 1242 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Berthold (without further details), from 1243 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad (without further information), from 1246 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Heinrich (without further information), from 1253 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Berthold Isolt (von Eysölden ) (1190–1266), from 1258–1265 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad Stromaier , from 1265 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad von Churenburch ( Kornburg ), from 1267 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad (without further information), from 1272 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Markward Merklin Pfinzing (1210–1278), 1274–1276 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad von Neumarkt (? -1296), from 1276 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Berthold II. Marquard Pfinzing (1232–1297), 1277–1278 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad (without further information), from 1278 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Berthold Pfinzing, from 1281 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Marquard (without further information), from 1289 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad Eseler, from 1290 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Gramlieb Eseler, from 1296 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad Eseler, from 1277 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Seyfried von Kammerstein , from 1303 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Heinrich Geuschmid , from 1306 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Seyfried von Kammerstein, from 1308 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad Eseler (? -1319), from 1310 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg (son-in-law of Pfinzing)
- Konrad Pfinzing, from 1319–1336 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Berthold III. Pfinzing (1245–1322), from? Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, Butigler
- Rappold von Külsheim , 1338 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Konrad Groß and other family members, 1339–1365 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Heinrich Geuder , 1366–1385 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Ludwig Schenk zu Reicheneck , from 1385 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight
- Apel Fuchs, from 1388 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight
- Friedrich von Lauffenholz , from 1390 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Georg Kraz, from 1404 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight
- Stephan von Absberg , from 1408 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight,
- Winrich von Treuchtlingen , from 1412 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight
- Hans von Rosenberg. from 1412 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight
- Hans von Sparneck , from 1415 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight
- Wigoläus von Wolfstein (1403–1442), from 1418 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, Imperial District Judge of Nuremberg, knight
- Wernher (1) von Parsberg († 1455), 1442–1455 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight
- Sigmund II of Egloffstein , from 1456 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Paulus Volckamer (1448–1505), council member, mayor and from 1479 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Wolfgang (1) von Parsberg († 1513), 1493–1499 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight
- Martin III Geuder (1455–1532), councilor, Losunger and Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, from 1518 caretaker of all male monasteries in Nuremberg, from 1524 caretaker of the two Nuremberg parish churches, friend of Albrecht Dürer .
- Adam von Wolfstein (1505–1547), Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, Brandenburg council, bailiff of Erlangen, imperial district judge
- Haug (2) von Parsberg († 1554), 1547–1554 Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight
-
Andreas I. (Endres) Imhoff (1491–1579), from 1564 foremost Losunger , from 1571 additionally Reichsschultheiß of NurembergAndreas I. Imhoff (1491–1579), from 1564 Vorderster Losunger, from 1571 also Reichsschultheiß (from Nicolas Neufchâtel )
- Balthasar Derrer (? -1586), from 1579 foremost slogan and Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Hans Nutzel (1540–1620), foremost slogan and Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Paul II. Behaim (1557–1621), foremost Losunger, Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Andrew III Imhoff (1562–1637), Losunger, Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Burkhard Löffelholz (1599–1675), foremost slogan and Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Paul Albrecht Rieter von Kornburg (1634–1704), councilor, mayor, foremost slogan and Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg
- Johann Adam Georg Christoph Geuder von Heroldsberg (1641–1718), foremost slogan and Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, imperial councilor
- Christoph Fürer von Haimendorf (1663–1732), from 1725 foremost slogan and Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg and castellan of the Reichsveste
- Carl Benedikt Geuder von Heroldsberg (1670–1744), councilor, foremost slogan and Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg, knight “de l'ordre generosite”, custodian of the imperial regalia.
- Christoph Friedrich Stromer von Reichenbach (1712–1794), foremost slogan and Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg from 1764 to 1794
- Johann Sigmund Haller von Hallerstein (1723–1805), foremost slogan and Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg from 1794 to 1804
- Christoph Wilhelm Waldstromer von Reichelsdorf (1729–1810), last Reichsschultheiß of Nuremberg.
Seats of Reichsschultheißen (excerpt)
- Erlenstegen was first mentioned in 1216 as the seat of the Reichsschultheissen Giselher. The original cell is said to be in the area of the later Groland-Scheurl seat.
- The so-called Reichsschultheißenhof, Burgstrasse 24-26, was used as an apartment for the Reichsschultheiß at times.
See also
literature
- Eugen Kusch: Nuremberg. City life image . Nürnberg: Verlag Nürnberger Presse Druckhaus Nürnberg, 1950, VIII, 424 p., With 162 illustrations; 3rd edition in collaboration with Werner Schultheiss by the author revised. u. Erw., 1958, 444 pages; 5th, through. and updated edition with a new chapter "1945 - 1989" by Christian Köster, 1989, 485 pages, ISBN 3-920701-79-8
- Famous Nuremberg from nine centuries, Christian von Imhoff
- Reinhard Seyboth: Reichsschultheiß . In: Michael Diefenbacher , Rudolf Endres (Hrsg.): Stadtlexikon Nürnberg . 2nd, improved edition. W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-921590-69-8 ( online ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Glossary of German-New High German. looser. In: uni-hamburg.de. Archived from the original on December 31, 2013 ; accessed on December 30, 2013 .