Fraiss (right)

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Fraiss (also Fraisch ) is a word that is particularly well known in Upper German . Fraiss was in the legal language in the sense of

used. The term Fraiss and its derivatives were already considered obsolete in the early modern period .

Fraissrecht

Fraissrecht is the competence and the legal framework for exercising blood jurisdiction (high jurisdiction). Crimes were judged which could be punished by mutilation or death by the responsible Fraissgerichte .

The term Fraissrecht was also partially used for the Fraissgericht (Fraisscent or Fraisscent) itself.

In the late Middle Ages the Fraißrecht was codified (example: Maximillian Halsgerichtsordnung from 1499; Bambergische Embarrassing Halsgerichtsordnung from the year 1507; Constitutio Criminalis Carolina (CCC) from the year 1532).

Landlord

The right of fraud was not automatically granted to every rule , but was granted (later). It was mostly represented by signs (for example a symbolized gallows) or coat of arms (often a red coat of arms = blood shield).

Fraißgericht

The Fraiss Courts (also Fraisszent, Fraißamt) were responsible for judging the penalties determined by Fraiss law. Most of the courts of the landlords or towns and villages were only allowed to exercise middle or lower jurisdiction . The free imperial cities were largely equal to the principalities with regard to blood jurisdiction.

Johann Christoph Adelung points out in his grammatical-critical dictionary of High German dialect that in some areas of Upper Germany a distinction was made between

  • Neck or Frais dishes and
  • the high cent . The Hohe Zent ( High Cent ) was only responsible for the four cases of murder , theft , arson and rape . Adelung only mentions the spelling "Zent", although "Cent" has also occurred.

Judicial district - Fraiss border

The judicial district of both high ( blood jurisdiction) and middle (middle cent / cent) and lower jurisdiction was also referred to as cent ( the cent or cent ) in Franconia and Upper Germany .

The boundary between the areas of different high jurisdictions was called the Fraiss boundary. At this border the blood jurisdiction of another (high) court ended or began.

Fraissbuch

The Fraißbuch (also Fraissbuch ) was formed from the protocols on the throat matters (also Fraißfall, Zentfall, Malefizfall, Criminal).

Fraisspfand

The Fraisspfand after Adelung "was taken by the Fraissgericht as a sign of the crime committed either by the dead or by the property of the fugitive perpetrator ".

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ an adjective: fraißam which, after Adelung was also common only in the southern Germans in the sense of terrible , terrible . Example of Adelung: A fraißamer Löw .
  2. ^ A b After Johann Christoph Adelung , Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect , Vienna 1811 edition
  3. ↑ Adelung refers to the fact that the derivation of the word is uncertain. The Frankish kings would have divided the districts or counties into centenas and these again into decanias (districts of a hundred and ten families, or according to others of as many villages) for the better handling of justice . Zent should therefore be derived from Centena . But he also points out that others derive it from the word toes (ten).
  4. ↑ after Adelung a case that belongs to the higher jurisdiction, a crime .