Burgstall Schönhofen

Burgstall Schönhofen
Schönhofen Castle and Hofmark after an engraving by Michael Wening from 1721
Alternative name (s):	Schönhofen Castle
Creation time :	12th Century
Castle type :	Location
Conservation status:	Burgstall
Place:	Nittendorf- Schönhofen
Geographical location	49 ° 0 '36.4 "  N , 11 ° 57' 41.7"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 0 '36.4 "  N , 11 ° 57' 41.7"  E
Height:	380  m above sea level NN

The Burgstall Schönhofen , also called Schönhofen Castle , is an abandoned castle near the Church of St. Johannes Baptist in the center of the Schönhofen district of the market in Nittendorf in the Upper Palatinate district of Regensburg in Bavaria . The successor to Schönhöfen Castle was then taken over by the New Castle (Schloßstraße 7), which originated in the 18th century but was demolished in the 20th century.

history

In the late 12th century, the Lords of Schönhofen appear for the first time in a document. In 1181 a Brouno de Scoeinhouen attests to the handover of a servant of the bishopric ministerial Gerbhard von Schönach to the monastery of St. Emmeram . In 1183 this Bruno von Schönhofen appears again in the traditions of St. Emmeram. In the case of a transfer of goods to the convent, a knight who is subordinate to him ( miles Otto ) stands immediately behind Bruno . This can be taken as an indication that there was already a fortified seat in Schönhofen at that time. In 1223 a Wilhelm von Kollersried hands over a vineyard in Winzer to the monastery in Winzer in fulfillment of the last wish of Miles Heinrich von Schönhofen . Hainricus et Fridericus fratres de Schonhoeven testify to a contract between the Regensburg bishop and Duke Ludwig ; In addition, Fridericus de Schonhoeven testifies to a contract between the Wittelsbach family and the convent in which the duke compensates the convent for the construction of Abbach Castle on monastery grounds.

In the 14th and 15th centuries, the people of Schönhofen appear several times as witnesses, although the Lords of Laber already had feudal sovereignty over Schönhofen at that time. After the death of the last Schönhofener ( Hans Schönhofen ; † 1421, buried in Eilsbrunn ) the Lords of Laber were able to enfeoff a Muggenthaler with Schönhofen. In the 20s of the 15th century, Ulrich von Muggenthal zu Schönhofen appears as the servant of Count Palatine Johann . His son Christian appears in the Landtafel of Bayern-Landshut . The Muggenthaler owned the Hofmark Schönhofen until the end of the 15th century (1494: Hans Muggenthaler ).

At the beginning of the 16th century, the citizens of Regensburg who owned the hammer at Schönhofen (see below) also seem to have acquired the Hofmark. In 1514 a Stephan Nauflenzer , 1521 Jörg Alkover, is named as the owner. Sebastian von Rammelstein appears here in 1546 and 1552 , then Heinrich Sauerzapf from 1557 . The Sauerzapf remained in the possession of Schönhofen until the beginning of the 18th century, in 1701 Walter Sauerzapf zu Schönhofen sold the hammer to two Bavarian subjects, after his death his sister Susanne von Leoprechting , his brother Georg Christoph and his nephew Josef Stammler inherited the Hofmark. In 1712 all shares were sold to Josef Stammler . In the same year he sold the Schönhofen Hofmark to Christoph von Klingensberg , Bavarian councilor and professor in Ingolstadt. The Klingensbergers stayed in Schönhofen until 1790, when Josef von Klingensberg sold the Hofmark to Josef Leopold Schmaus , Amberg government councilor and caretaker from Waldmünchen . In 1800 the Electoral Palatinate Chamberlain Carl Graf von Jett acquired the Hofmark. On August 24, 1803, the Hofmark and the hammer were sold to Baron Georg von Aretin . In the same year the hammer came from his heirs to the former tenant Johann Mann , but the Hofmark in 1804 to Baron von Fahnenberg , envoy to the Electorate of Cologne, who sold it to Baron von Hertwich on Bodenstein that same year . The hammer came to Gant in 1824 . Georg Riedermaier bought the dilapidated Hammergut in 1825. On December 7th, 1837 Anton Bieracker sold the weapons and Zainhammer Schönhofen to Johann Georg Riedermaier .

With the purchase of Schönhofen by a'Maria , the court rights were lost in 1808. In 1810 the indebted Hofmark, at that time still in the possession of Mr. a'Maria , came to the Gant . In 1819 the creditors applied for the establishment of a first class patrimonial court , but this was rejected by the Munich General Office due to the lack of a noble landlord. In 1823 Schönhofen was owned by the widow of the Legation Councilor Therese von Hofmann ; she was promised the approval of a patrimonial court if she had settled the formalities of the takeover. In 1829 Schönhofen became the property of the Baroness von Hertwich and in 1832 that of her son Casimir von Hertwich . This sold all rights to the state and the latter struck Schönhofen in the Hemau district court .

Coat of arms of the Lords of Schönhofen

Schönhofen New Palace

The history of the New Palace in Schönhofen is linked to the founding of an iron hammer . An iron hammer at Schönhofen is first mentioned in 1414 when Hadmar IV von Laaber bought the hammer from Heinrich von Erlbeck . In 1435 the hammer mill is mentioned in the Salbuch of the Laaber rule. In that year Heinrich von Erlbeck pledged his hammer to the Regensburg citizen Jakob Hemauer . In 1440 he came to the Michael Walrab von Horlanden . He sold the hammer in 1458 to his son-in-law Hans Alhard from Amberg for 800 florins , but took the sale back due to payment disputes. In 1477 the hammer lay desolate. After the Landshut War of Succession , the hammer had to be erected again. The work came from the Walrabs to citizens of Regensburg, who also had the right to obtain charcoal from the Paintner Forest . 1527 Hans Bleyer is named as the owner of the hammer. In 1536 Wolfgang Sauerzapf bought the hammer from the bankruptcy estate of Hans Pleyer and made it an economically successful company. In 1549 the hammer was handed over to his son Heinrich. Wolfgang Heinrich II. Received Hofmark and Hammer in 1596. Adam Sauerzapf (* 1597) received Schönhofen and the hammer mill in 1624 during the inheritance dispute with his siblings, but exchanged it for the Lauf hammer mill in 1627 . Schönhofen came to his brother Veit Philipp . During the Thirty Years War , the hammer mill was robbed and looted several times. On October 10, 1701, Hans Walter Sauerzapf sold the barren hammer to the Allingen farmer Sebastian Poschenrieder , who rebuilt the hammer and built a new hammer house.

In 1511 the citizens of Regensburg, Hans Swebl , Stefan Nawflötzer , Hans Kolb , Jörg Alkofer and Wilhelm Wielandt, are the owners of the hammer. This is of Count Palatine Frederick issued a letter of inheritance on the hammer. At the beginning of the 16th century these seem to have come into the possession of the Hofmark. In the Landtafel of Neuburg is 1514 Stephan Nauflezer and 1521 Jörg Alkofer named as owner. Both estates (Hammer and Hofmark) remained united until the 18th century.

Rock cellar of Schönhofen Castle

This led to a relocation of the Hofmarkitz. The new castle was built right next to the hammer mill on the left bank of the Schwarzen Laber . In 1864 the Jewish merchant Joseph Wilhelm Henle erected a glass loop in the "upper loop " in Schönhofen instead of the no longer competitive iron hammer (gun hammer and Zainhammer ) . In the “lower grinding” area, Georg Niedermayer built a mirror glass factory as early as the 1840s .

The old residence of the gentlemen of Schönhofen was still treated as a Palatinate-Neuburgisches knights' feud, even when it was already in ruins. The rest of the Hofmark represented allodial property . The Hofmark owner, Government Councilor von Schmaus, described the situation in 1822, according to which a whole knight horse had to be paid to Pfalz-Neuhofen for every feud of the man-knight fief . For this reason, the castrum sive Schönhofen Castle next to the village church was closed.

Todays use

On the engraving by Michael Wening from 1721, the ruins of the old seat can still be seen next to the church. Today's Burgstall near the church shows no remains above ground and is now a ground monument .

The subsequent new castle was a conversion of a built in the 16th century and remodeled in the 18th century new castle . The new castle can be seen with the hammer mill in the foreground of the engraving by Michael Wening from 1721. Apian already described this as arx et officinae ferrariae . This new castle was demolished at the end of the 20th century in favor of a car repair shop; There are still very impressive underground vaults with a fountain, which extend under the Schlossstrasse from Schönhofen; these are now used as a warehouse for car tires.

literature

• Andreas Boos : Castles in the south of the Upper Palatinate - the early and high medieval fortifications of the Regensburg area . Universitätsverlag Regensburg, Regensburg 1998, ISBN 3-930480-03-4 , pp. 351-354.
• Manfred Jehle: Parsberg. Nursing offices Hemua, Laaber, Beratzhausen (Ehrenfels), Lupburg, Velburg, Mannritterlehengut Lutzmannstein, offices Hohenfels, Helfenberg, imperial lords Breitenegg, Parsberg, office Hohenburg. (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Altbayern issue 51, pp. 410-414). Commission for Bavarian History, Verlag Michael Laßleben , Munich 1981, ISBN 3-7696-9916-5 .
• Hans Nikol: Landsassengut and Hammer Schönhofen. Die Oberpfalz , 1973, Volume 61, pp. 1-5 and pp. 33-38.
• Ursula Pfistermeister : Castles and palaces in the Upper Palatinate . Verlag Friedrich Pustet , Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-7917-0876-7 .
• Ignatz von Voith: The hammer at Schönhofen. Negotiations of the historical association for the Upper Palatinate and Regensburg , 10, 1846, pp. 1-49.

Web links

Commons : Schönhofen Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Jakob Hellinger: Iron ore extraction and processing in the late Middle Ages and early modern times along Laber and Naab. Die Oberpfalz , 2017, 105th year, pp. 5-14.
2. ↑ Sebastian Schmidmeier: The history of the mill in Deuerling. Laßleben, Kallmünz 2010, ISBN 978-3-7847-1222-2 , p. 44.