Regenstauf castle stable

Regenstauf castle stable
Regenstauf - excerpt from Philipp Apian's Bavarian country tables from 1568
Alternative name (s):	Stauf, (Upper) Regenstauf Castle, Regenstauf Castle
Creation time :	11th century
Castle type :	Höhenburg, summit location
Conservation status:	Castle stables, wall and moat remains
Standing position :	Burgraves
Place:	Regenstauf - "Schlossberg"
Geographical location	49 ° 7 '34.2 "  N , 12 ° 8' 1.8"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 7 '34.2 "  N , 12 ° 8' 1.8"  E
Height:	436.6  m above sea level NN

The Postal Regenstauf is an Outbound hilltop castle on the Castle Hill at 436.6  m above sea level. NN in the Regenstauf market in the Upper Palatinate district of Regensburg in Bavaria . The castle office is located near the Schlossberg restaurant (Schlossberg 1). Other names were Regenstauf Castle or (Upper) Regenstauf Castle . The Regentalstrasse , which ran along a narrow point between the river bank and the castle hill, could be controlled from the castle .

history

In the 12th century Regenstauf is owned by the Burgraves of Regensburg . Regenstauf was one of the main seats of this family. These burgraves came from the Babonen family . You have added the place name Stowe or Reginstophe to your count or official title. This name is derived from the Old High German word stauf / stouf , which means a conical mountain on the rain . In 1125 Burgrave Otto († 1143) appears as Comes de Stowfe . In a certificate for the Reichenbach Abbey, Otto certifies as Comes de Stowfe and as prefectus [Ratisbonensis] . His son Otto II. Attested around 1145 in a certificate from the Aldersbach monastery as Preses Otto de Stoufen , in 1160 he appeared as Comes Otto de Reginstouff . 1147 his brother Heinrich III appears. as comes de Reginstophe , his son Otto IV. is named as Otto filius Henrici Praefecte de Stouf around 1174 . A Heinricus de Stauff (Count Heinrich V) is mentioned in an imperial diploma for the Reichenbach Monastery from 1182.

This family, which after the death of Otto I was divided into a burggrave and a landgrave line, is called Riedenburg or Stefling after their main places of residence . However, representatives of both lines occasionally have Regenstauf in their name, so that one can conclude that Regenstauf was the common ancestral castle. When exactly this was built is not known, but it must have been before 1125.

After the death of the last Babone, Landgrave Otto VI., Regenstauf fell to the Counts of Wittelsbach in 1195/96 , namely to Duke Ludwig I the Kelheimer . Their inheritance claims go back to the marriage of Adelheid von Wittelsbach with Babonen Otto. In a contract from 1205, Ludwig I appears in the possession of castrum Stouffe and Steffling Castle. Regenstauf becomes the center of a ducal office ( ampt ze Stouffe ), which is attested as such in the land register around 1230, the place is considered a market. After the first division of Bavaria in 1255, the place belongs to the Duchy of Upper Bavaria.

After the transition from Regenstauf to the Wittelsbach family, it was probably administered by keepers , whose name has not been passed down before the 14th century (see below). In 1266 the annalist and abbot Hermann von Niederaltaich describes that Regenstauf was destroyed in 1266 by the Bohemian king Ottokar , without this having any major consequences for the castle or the market. In 1317, Duke Rudolf received Regenstauf Castle and the associated court. In the late Middle Ages , the guardianship and fortress were often pledged, but the ducal sovereignty was never given up. I.a. The Zenger temporarily took care of Regenstauf between 1359 and 1419. In 1325 Emperor Ludwig transferred the care and the office of Regenstauf to Reimar von Premmberg . According to the house contract of Pavia from 1329 Regenstauf remains with the Duchy of Upper Bavaria and does not become part of "the Palatinate Land in Baiern", the later " Upper Palatinate ". In 1332 the Paulsdorfer get the care of Regenstauf. 1338 Konrad the Äpelhover is attested here. In 1359 Heinrich the Zenger zu Zwartzenegk is attested, in 1371 Heinrich the Zenger zu Regensburg . In 1379 Hansen and Ulrich die Zenger zu Swarzeneck are attested here. In 1391 Karlhoch Hofer and Werner Chottenawer permit the redemption of the Regenstauf Fortress . 1397 allowed Duke Stephan III. his son Ludwig u. a. Closed and fortress Regenstauf to move to Jörgen den Waldegger , Cunrad the Preisinger , Schagern von Gundolfingern , Thomann the Preisinger , Rudlof the Preisinger and Arnold von Kammer . In 1401 Duke Ludwig Conrad , Thomann and Rudolf allowed the Preisingers to pledge the Veste and Pflege Regenstauf to Hans den Zenger zu Swarzeneck . In 1407 the fortress Regenstauf was redeemed by Duke Heinrich . In 1420 Jörg Hofer vows to the stone of praise to faithfully preserve the rule and Veste Regenstauf and to hand them over again upon request. In 1424 Georg, known as Hannslöffl zu Stainberg, bought the vest and the tower at Regenstauf from his cousin Caspar .

In 1424 a distinction is made between the fortress and a tower, in 1471 a distinction is made between a castle stables and the castle. In 1435 the keeper Marquart Stör undertakes to wall the kennel around the castle. In 1458 Duke Albrecht hands over the Regenstauf castle and market to Hansen Kuttenauer , his housewife , Martin Vierrung and their heirs.

It is likely that parts of the old complex had already deteriorated in 1471. This year Heinrich Zenger zu Regenstauf sold the castle stables, which had been preserved as a fief , to Duke Albrecht, and the Regenstauf castle in full. In 1473 Hartmann von Egloffstein zum Herttenstein was appointed as a caretaker. In 1477 Duke Albrecht hands over the Regenstauf castle and market with the village of thesebach to Hannsen Wallrab and his heirs. A picture from 1500 has survived that shows a castle-like castle, clearly delimited, a tower that has become a ruin, possibly the former keep of the fortress.

In the course of the Landshut War of Succession , the Palatine knight von Eyb destroyed Regenstauf Castle in 1504. With the Cologne arbitration decision of July 30th 1505 by King Maximilian I , Regenstauf came to the newly established Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg . In 1542 Regenstauf changed to Protestantism through the edict of the Dukes Ottheinrich and Philipp . In 1617 this was reversed in the course of the Counter Reformation under Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg .

In the second half of the 16th century, the castle is still shown on Philipp Apian's map. Presumably it was finally destroyed in the course of the Thirty Years War . In the following decades the ruined castle was torn down. In 1782, for example, the pastor of Regenstauf asked the sovereign to use the stones from the castle to build the new church tower. Stones were also used for the new construction of St. Jakobus Church, which burned down in 1846. Other stone robbers will probably not have asked officially, but in 1800 larger parts of the complex were still standing.

Nurse and judge of the Regenstauf nursing office

• Marquard Sturgeon (1422-1446)
• Albert Ignaz († 1471)
• Hans Wallrab von Hauzendorf († 1483)
• Hans Wallrab zu Haunzendorf († 1510)
• Siegmund Grünbeck (1515)
• Albrecht Kuttenauer (1526–1527)
• Alexander von Wemding (1538)
• Hans Trummer Sr. (1540)
• Georg Teufel zu Pirkensee (1540–1547)
• Hans Trummer jun. (1544)
• Heinrich Leiblfing (1555–1564)
• Wolfgang Teufel of Pirkensee (1556–1559)
• Ferdinand von Tanneck (1566)
• Achaz von Damberg (1570–1583)
• Benno of Hezenheim (1591)
• Jörg Hausner (1592–1600)
• Hans Wolf Münch zu Ramspau (1603–1612)
• Johann Sebastian Erlbeck (1611)
• Erasmus von Schletz (1613)
• Hans Nothaft zu Wernberg (1617)
• Wolf Heinrich Sauerzapf (1619–1624)
• Hans Leonhard Sauerzapf (1623–1629)
• Baltasar Reinhard Praitschädel (1654–1659)
• Hans Christian von und zu Diemantstein (1691)
• Georg Christian von Silbermann
• Albert Ignatz von Silbermann
• Christoph von Reisach (1764)
• Josef Karl Freiherr von Drechsel and Taufstetten (1790)

After the transition of the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg to the Kingdom of Bavaria , Regenstauf became part of the Regenkreis in 1808. In 1812 a separate regional court with 19 municipalities was established here. In 1857 the Regenstauf regional court also included the municipalities of the Burglengenfeld regional court (Bubach am Forst, Buchenlohe, Hirschling, Ramspau, Schönleiten, Steinsberg). In 1862 Regenstauf joined the Stadtamhof district office. In 1929 this district office was dissolved and all of its 61 municipalities were incorporated into the Regensburg district office. Since 1939 these district offices have been called rural districts.

Engraving from Regenstauf around 1800 by JG Hämmerl

Section ditch of Regenstauf Castle

Well house

Burgstall Regenstauf today

On the top of the Schlossberg there is a multi-part castle stable . Three trenches have been preserved. A section trench running in north-south direction separates the eastern part of the mountain plateau from the actual castle area. The trench is up to seven meters deep and looks like it has been sawn into the clay porphyry . A Lourdes grotto was built here in 1888. The other two moats flank the castle area, but their sides are much more sloping, so that two conical hills have been created. Above the ditch stood the keep , of which nothing has survived, but which is still indicated by a pentagonal depression. In the eastern area there is a cellar-like Einhöhlung, which was sometimes interpreted as well, but probably more of a bailey suggests. In 1912, at the instigation of the mountain association, the well was dug to a depth of 80 m, then a granite floor was found. Some artifacts could also be secured (gate key, coin from 1549, pottery shards, lance tip, hatchet, cross pick). In the west and south-west of the summit area there is a narrow slope terrace, which probably belonged to a former kennel .

The complex seems to have expanded to a total of three knolls. But this must be differentiated in terms of time. According to the oldest view from around 1590, the castle occupied the western part of the mountain and was partially surrounded by a castle wall, which was probably built after 1435. To the east of the complex rose a mighty tower from which a bridge led over a deep moat to the castle. This tower is presumably the remainder of a castle that already existed in the 15th century. This tower should have protected the attack side from the inner edge of the moat. On a modern water tank, humpback blocks are built as spoilage of the earlier castle. The castle stables of the former castle complex are now a ground monument .

Planned chapel on the Regenstauf castle hill

Pracher monument on the Regenstauf castle hill

The bare castle hill was planted with trees from 1871 at the suggestion of District President Maximilian von Pracher. A memorial was erected in his honor in 1888, the year he died.

At the beginning of the 20th century it was planned to redesign the Schlossberg as Mons Christianus . The idea was to build a church, a Benedictine monastery and a missionary seminary here. There was also to be a summer residence for the Regensburg bishop, a foreign hotel and a rest home for priests, clergy and students. With a donation, the construction of a tower for a chapel was started in 1891, but the chapel was never built. The tower, which is used today as a lookout tower, was increased by three meters to 37 m in the 1950s after the war damage from 1945 was repaired and expanded into a lookout tower (inauguration 14th and 15th July 1953).

In 1920 a castle inn, initially made of wood, was built on the Schlossberg, which was demolished in 1966 and replaced by a brick building.

literature

• Andreas Boos : Castles in the south of the Upper Palatinate. The early and high medieval fortifications of the Regensburg area. Universitätsverlag Regensburg, Regensburg 1998, ISBN 3-930480-03-4 , pp. 323–327.
• Diethard Schmid: Regensburg I. The district court Stadtamhof, the imperial rule Donaustauf and Wörth. (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Altbayern booklet 41). Commission for Bavarian History. Verlag Michael Lassleben, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-7696-9904-1 .
• Wilhelm Schwertner: Contributions to the history of the Regenstauf market. In the board of trustees 1000 years of Regenstauf. 970-1970 . Anton Niedermayr, Regensburg 1970. (without pagination)

Individual evidence

1. ^ List based on Wilhelm Schwertner, 1970.
2. ^ Gerhard Kemmeter: Chapel on the Schlossberg? In: Markt Regenstauf: history, official guide, social institutions. 2008, p. 34.