Mariaort

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Mariaort
Municipalities of Pettendorf and Sinzing
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 59 ″  N , 12 ° 1 ′ 37 ″  E
Height : 344 m
Residents : 120  (December 31, 2010)
Postal code : 93186
Area code : 0941
Pilgrimage church and mouth of the Naab near Mariaort

Mariaort is a village with around 120 inhabitants in the Regensburg district . Mariaort is derived from the bank nose ('place') at the confluence of the Naab into the Danube and the Mariaort pilgrimage church built on it and denotes a district each of Sinzing (with the pilgrimage church) and Pettendorf (on the opposite bank of the Naab). The village is a local recreation area in the Regensburg area and the destination and starting point for many hiking and cycling tours.

history

From prehistoric times to the Romans

The area near Mariaort with its location on the Danube and Naab was part of the Bavarian old settlement area. Prehistoric and early historical traces from the time between 8000 BC BC and 5000 BC BC are found mainly on the Danube near Mariaort. It is particularly worth mentioning the barrow in the field "Lange Äcker" on the Greifenberg near Kneiting, which was discovered in 1888 by the Mariaort farmer Listl while plowing . The grave goods found in it come from the Bronze or Hallstatt Period and are now exhibited in the Historical Museum of the city of Regensburg.

In the 2nd century AD, the border of the Roman Empire ran in the Mariaort area on the southern bank of the Danube . On the opposite side of the Danube from Mariaort, there was the Prüingen small fort , which was built around the year 179 and was supposed to be used to observe Germanic advances from the Pettendorfer Valley or across the Naab . The location of the Roman fort indicates that this area served as a deployment base for advances into the central town of Regensburg even in ancient times .

First documented mentions and early ownership (1020 to 1300)

The town was first mentioned in a document in 1020. In a document from before 1089, a Gerloch de Orto is mentioned as a witness for a transfer of ownership by Bishop Otto von Regensburg to the Weltenburg monastery . The same Gerloch de Orto is named in a document of July 21, 1115 as a witness for the censorship of a free woman named Adelheid with five children in favor of St. Peter. Since Gerloch de Orto is mentioned twice in connection with documents from the Bishop of Regensburg, a connection between him and the diocese is obvious. However, there is no evidence of the bishop's real estate in the Mariaort area.

"The Burgrave of Regensburg" ( Codex Manesse , beginning of the 14th century); the Burgraves of Regensburg were early landowners in the Mariaort area

Proof can be found for the 12th century property of the Burgraves of Regensburg in the Mariaort area. After 1180, Landgrave Otto IV. From the line of the Burgraves of Regensburg sold his share of a fish water near Mariaort for 12 solidi to the St. Emmeram monastery in Regensburg. Shortly afterwards Otto's brother Friedrich also sold his stake in a fishing water and a field near Mariaort for 14 talents to this monastery. Further land transfers by the burgraves of Mariaort to the St. Emmeram monastery are documented in the years 1191/92. With the redemption of the line of the burgraves of Regensburg in 1196, the Mariaort property came into the possession of the dukes from the Wittelsbach family, apparently through inheritance . For the first time, the Bavarian duke can be identified as the landowner in Mariaort in 1210.

The Mariaort church is listed for the first time in a document from 1192. In a document from 1352, the church is documented as St. Mary's Church . In the Middle Ages, the Mariaort church belonged to the Regensburg monastery of St. Emmeram and was assigned to the parish of Eilsbrunn. As the main branch church, the sacrament of baptism was donated in Mariaort and its own cemetery was operated. At times the Mariaort church also had its own chaplain, who was appointed by the abbot of the St. Emmeram monastery in accordance with his patronage law.

From the creation of the miraculous image to the planning of a pilgrimage center (1300 to 1800)

The Mariaort miraculous image was created around 1400. Between 1510 and 1517, several awards of indulgences by cardinals and the establishment of an All Souls Brotherhood are documented.

From the 13th to the 15th century, Mariaort was a place of supra-local importance within the ducal administration. Mariaort was assigned to the Viztumamt Burglengenfeld and the Office Riedenburg. From the 14th century to the middle of the 15th century, a court in Mariaort can be found at times, which was apparently responsible for the places Mariaort and Kager. Mariaort later belonged to the judicial district of Riedenburg.

In the course of the Landshut War of Succession , the northern area around Regensburg was the deployment area of ​​the Bavarian troops in September 1504, who had set up their camp on the Greifenberg near Mariaort. From there, the mercenaries devastated the surrounding area in such a way that some farms in the area were still fallow fifty years later as a result of the fighting . As a result of the Landshut War of Succession, the area of ​​the old municipality of Pettendorf no longer belonged to the Duchy of Bavaria , but to the newly founded Principality of Pfalz-Neuburg . The places Kneiting and Mariaort, however, remained Bavarian. In the period that followed, boundary stones were erected between Kneiting, Aichahof and Hinterberg, some of which can still be seen in the corridors today. Mariaort became a border town and as such a customs post.

A political separation that lasted more than three hundred years began for both parts of the community. While the area around Pettendorf was administered by the Palatinate-Neuburg regional judge's office in Burglengenfeld , the places Kneiting and Mariaort were subordinate to the Bavarian district judge in Stadtamhof . Only towards the end of the 18th century was this political separation abolished and the customs post in Mariaort abolished.

During the Thirty Years War the Mariaort church was completely looted and badly damaged. The Mariaort pilgrimage then experienced a heyday in the 17th and 18th centuries. The expansion of the pilgrimage was supported in particular by Regensburg Bishop Albert IV von Törring and Auxiliary Bishop Albert Ernst Graf von Wartenberg . At the beginning of the 18th century there were efforts to develop Mariaort into a large pilgrimage center. The construction of the nearby Kalvarienberg Church should be placed in this context.

Viticulture, ferries, bridges and shipping near Mariaort

Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, had pioneers build the first wooden bridge near Mariaort in 1641

From the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 19th century, Mariaort was shaped by viticulture . The so-called Baierwein was grown on the slopes around Mariaort . According to the liquidation protocol from 1835, two thirds of the around 17 local smallholders stated that the profession was Weinzierl .

A ferry near Mariaort was first mentioned in a document in 1285. For centuries, the ferry connected the village of Mariaort with the Marienkirche on the opposite side of the Naab and the Naabtalweg, which has been running there from Regensburg to Nuremberg since ancient times . In 1977 the ferry service was discontinued as a result of the expansion of the Danube and the construction of a barrage at Pfaffenstein.

In the same year, a wooden bridge over the Naab from the village of Mariaort to the pilgrimage church was built for cyclists and hikers to replace the discontinued ferry service. At the same place there was a wooden bridge built by imperial and Bavarian pioneers as early as 1641, during the Thirty Years' War , and later, from 1870, another wooden bridge, which was built as a construction site bridge for the construction of the railway line from Regensburg to Nuremberg . This construction site bridge later became the property of the local municipal administration, but was destroyed by an ice rush in 1876.

Due to its location on the Naab and Danube, Mariaort has always been of importance for transport. For centuries , ships loaded with iron and upstream with salt traveled weekly between Amberg and Regensburg . Upstream the barges had to be pulled by horses from the bank . In 1826 the salt and iron transport by water was stopped.

In 1869, the then Ostbahn AG decided to build a railway bridge over the Danube near Mariaort on the train on the Nuremberg – Regensburg line . On October 31, 1870, the pillars for the bridge in the Danube were built and the assembly of the iron lattice structure of the bridge began. This very difficult work was overshadowed by a serious accident on October 10, 1871, in which a 28-meter-long beam between the first and second pillar on the Mariaort side fell into the Danube, killing six workers and seriously injuring eight other workers. The authorities then put the total damage from the accident at 31,208 guilders. Due to the accident, the completion of the railway bridge was delayed by more than a year. After completion, the Mariaorter railway bridge was considered a construction and attracted crowds from Regensburg and the surrounding area on Sundays and public holidays.

From World War II to today

During the Second World War , the railway line from Regensburg to Nuremberg, and in particular the Mariaort railway bridge over the Danube, was bombed several times. Some bombs also damaged the Mariaort pilgrimage church and the Kalvarienberg church. Both churches were restored and renovated after the Second World War.

From 1836 to 1978 Mariaort formed the old municipality of Kneiting together with Kneiting to the north . In the course of the regional reform in the 1970s, the old municipality of Kneiting was incorporated into the municipality of Pettendorf . Therefore, the district on the left of the Naab belongs to the municipality of Pettendorf, while the district on the right of the Naab (two churches and a sacristan's house) remained with the municipality of Sinzing .

Attractions

The Regina , a replica of a Roman galley , on the Naab near Mariaort
  • Mariaort pilgrimage church : The Mariaort pilgrimage church is one of the small pilgrimage churches in the Upper Palatinate, but it is picturesquely situated on the banks of the Naab and occupies an interesting position with its uniform architecture and furnishings. The General Conservatory in Munich described the pilgrimage church as one of the most beautiful churches of the 18th century in the area around Regensburg. The popular baptismal and wedding church, as a place of pilgrimage to Mary, is a year-round attraction for believers as far as Franconia and the Czech Republic . The church was first mentioned in the 12th century and from 1352 it was run as the Marienkirche. The miraculous image of Mariaort was created around 1400. According to legend, it was thrown into the sea near Constantinople at the time of the Eastern Roman iconoclasm (8th century) and driven upstream to Mariaort on a juniper tree.
  • Kalvarienberg-Kirche : To the southeast of the pilgrimage church Mariaort the Kalvarienberg-Kirche was built on a rock around or after 1700. The Regensburg auxiliary bishop Albert Ernst Graf von Wartenberg seems to have played a decisive role in this. According to the client's ideas, the worship of the Virgin Mary and the Cross should be combined at a pilgrimage site. Another assumption about the building history relates to the raging plague in Regensburg at the beginning of the 18th century. When the nearby railway bridge over the Danube was bombed, the church was badly damaged in World War II and later extensively renovated. The church is a four-sided hall building without a tower. In the interior there is a mirror vault and a curved double gallery on columns. The triple staircase to the presbytery and the life-size statues of the prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah are particularly worth seeing.
  • Roman galley : In the summer months, the Naab near Mariaort is the berth for the Roman river galley Regina, which was recreated by students from the Department of Ancient History at the University of Regensburg . The galley is a faithful replica of a Navis Iusoria , a battle ship from around 300 AD. The Romans made it especially for the defense of the Limes , the northern border line of the Roman Empire between the Rhine and the Danube. Those interested can take part in test drives with the galley on the lower Naab.
  • Naabspitz : Historically, the Naab flowed from Mariaort for a few kilometers parallel to the Danube; the estuary was still near Regensburg in the 14th century. As a result of river straightening and ice flows and the construction of barrages in the 20th century, it shifted further and further up the Danube. Today the Naab flows into the Danube directly on the steep slope of Mariaort and forms the so-called “Naabspitz”, a narrow headland from which one has an impressive view of both rivers. The Naabspitz can be reached via the Mariaorter wooden bridge and is located on the Naab side of the pilgrimage church.

tourism

Mariaort is an important local recreation area in the Regensburg area. Numerous cycling and hiking tours start or end in Mariaort. The Waldnaabtal / Naabtal cycle path from Bärnau to Regensburg also leads past Mariaort. For canoe and rubber dinghies on the Naab - from Kallmünz or Heitzenhofen - Mariaort is also regularly the end point.

A wooden bridge leads from the village of Mariaort in the municipality of Pettendorf over the Naab to the pilgrimage church on the opposite side. The so-called “Naabspitz”, the narrow headland at the confluence of the Naab into the Danube, is also accessible from the wooden bridge, around which camping or barbecuing is often done in summer. The Mariaort area is particularly valued because of the well-developed paths along the Naab and Danube, which have grown idyllically.

leisure

Others

  • When the search for a location for the Walhalla on the Danube was started in 1819 , the headland of Mariaort - next to the hills of Niederwinzer and the location near Donaustauf - was shortlisted. The lack of a castle ruin was the decisive factor, however, that Mariaort was not chosen as the location for the Walhalla.
  • The federal highway 8 ( Würzburg - Nuremberg - Regensburg - Passau ) leads directly past Mariaort and causes a lot of noise here.
  • The content of the DEFA film  A Pillar in the Stream  1983 is based on acts of sabotage by Walter Zauner from Regensburg, who walled up the blast shaft of the Mariaort railway bridge at the beginning of the 1950s for pacifist reasons .
  • Every year on Women's Day for the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, pilgrims from the area come to the Mariaort pilgrimage church. This tradition can be traced back to the 15th century.
  • For centuries Mariaort has been plagued by floods from the Danube or Naab. The last major floods affected Mariaort in 1965, 1988 and 2002. Before the expansion of the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal , which led to an increase in the flow speed of the Danube, Mariaort was also regularly hit by a so-called ice surge .

literature

Web links

Commons : Mariaort (Pettendorf)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.landkreis-regensburg.de
  2. ↑ Peter Schmid in the Pettendorf community: history and present , p. 298
  3. ^ Peter Schmid in the Pettendorf community: history and present , p. 299
  4. ↑ a b c http://www.mariaort.de/
  5. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from April 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bistum-regensburg.de
  6. ↑ a b Peter Schmid in the Pettendorf community: history and present , p. 303
  7. ↑ a b c d http://www.gasthof-krieger.de/Gasthof/geschichte.htm
  8. ↑ Peter Schmid in the community of Pettendorf: Past and present , p. 305
  9. ^ Mariaort / Pettendorf in the local database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bavarian State Library
  10. ^ Mariaort / Sinzing in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bavarian State Library
  11. ↑ Hibernation for the Regensburg Roman Ship ( Memento from July 8, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  12. ↑ http://www.pettendorf.de/landkreis.asp?NAVIID= Zonen3C53D9D9-5F47-4C55-9BF8- D1A94DBD01D6}  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.pettendorf.de  
  13. ↑ http://www.bayernbike.de/landkreise/regensburg/mariaort_kelheim.shtml
  14. ↑ http://www.bayernbike.de/touren/oberpfalz_ost/naabtal.shtml
  15. ↑ http://www.kanuschorsch.de/
  16. ↑ http://www.daskanu.de/naab.htm
  17. ↑ http://www.ff-mariaort.de/
  18. ^ Peter Schmid in the Pettendorf community: history and present , p. 297
  19. ↑ A pillar in the river At: filmportal.de accessed on September 30, 2014