Stadtamhof

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Stadtamhof
City of Regensburg
Stadtamhofer coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′ 28 "  N , 12 ° 5 ′ 50"  E
Height : 330 m above sea level NHN
Area : 66 ha
Residents : 2369  (2016)
Population density : 3,589 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1924
Postal code : 93059
Area code : 0941

Stadtamhof is now the district 02 of Regensburg . The formerly independent, ducal or electoral Bavarian city on the north bank of the Danube was incorporated into Regensburg on April 1, 1924 . Since July 13, 2006, Stadtamhof has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site together with Regensburg's old town .

View over the stone bridge to Stadtamhof

geography

Stadtamhof with canal, both branches of the Danube, Regen and Grieser Spitz

With an area of ​​0.66 km², Stadtamhof is the smallest of Regensburg's 18 districts. The small town of Stadtamhof was incorporated into the city of Regensburg on April 1, 1924, but remained the seat of the Stadtamhof district office until October 1929 . The remaining area of ​​the former district office Stadtamhof without the small town Stadtamhof was then assigned to the district office of Regensburg, which was renamed the district of Regensburg in 1939 .

The old town of Regensburg is directly connected to the Stadtamhof district by the Stone Bridge over the Danube . The bridge ends at the level of the Katharinenspital at St. Katharinenplatz. Until 1809 the square was the location of the Black Tower , the heavily fortified former north tower of the Regensburg city fortifications . In continuation of the stone bridge, the wide main street of the district, which is occasionally used as a marketplace, runs 200 m to the north and ends with a pylon gate at the so-called Protzenweiher. Here north of Stadtamhof, the Regensburg European Canal, which belongs to the Main-Danube Canal project, has been running since 1978 in the area of ​​a former flood basin of the Danube - the Protzenweiher .

Since the completion of the Regensburg European Canal (construction period 1972 to 1978), Stadtamhof has been separated from the Steinweg district by the canal and thus, as it were, an island, which is sometimes also referred to as such. The residents of Regensburg, on the other hand, do not count Stadtamhof among the Danube islands.

The Stadtamhof area stretches from river kilometer 2381.22 (junction of the European Canal from the main river of the Danube) to 2379.24. Immediately south (orographic right) of Stadtamhof is the island of Oberer Wöhrd and further downstream of the stone bridge is the island of Unterer Wöhrd . Both islands are only separated from Stadtamhof by the 50 meter wide northern arm of the Danube. At the eastern end of the Stadtamhof island, the European Canal and the northern arm of the Danube flow together into the Regen River, forming an undeveloped open area called the Grieser Spitz . The name comes from the street that ends there with the name Am Gries and has expanded to include the outlying settlement of Stadtamhof with its idyllic ensemble of houses. This idyllic peripheral settlement can also be reached from Untere Wöhrd and from the old town of Regensburg via the Grieser Steg , a pedestrian bridge over the northern arm of the Danube, which was planned for the first time in 1920 but was not built. It was not until after the end of World War II that a footbridge for pedestrians and bicycles was planned under the US military administration, completed on May 9, 1946 and inaugurated on May 17. The footbridge had to be dismantled as early as February 1947 because it threatened to collapse due to an ice rush. In the same year a new building was built on massive concrete pillars using bridge construction elements from old stocks of the Wehrmacht. The new pier was released on December 17, 1947 and still serves its purpose today.

history

View from the south around 1700, copper engraving by Michael Wening

Archaeological evidence of the earlier history of Stadtamhof is not available. However, only during excavations at the site of the former Black Tower was a paving from the 10th and 11th found. Century. In 981, the oldest document mentions a Scierstadt estate " in the northern part of the suburb of Regensburg ". An original settlement center for what is now called Stadtamhof is first mentioned in 1050. Several contemporary names have survived, such as B. "Stat am Hoff bey Regensburg" or just "Vorstadt". In the 12th century, the Roman-German King Konrad III. the place became a market town, around 1250 it came under the suzerainty of the Wittelsbacher . While Regensburg became a Free Imperial City , Stat am Hoff remained in the Duchy or Electorate of Bavaria without interruption . In 1322, Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian waived all taxes for one year so that the town could be fortified with a city wall for the first time. The measure was also directed against the Free Imperial City of Regensburg, because since the place is located at the strategically important northern end of the Stone Bridge , the city of Regensburg has always tried to incorporate the suburb. Fifty years later, Regensburg had Stadtamhof completely destroyed in the city ​​war between 1387 and 1389 in order to prevent potential enemies from settling. From 1409 to 1486 the market was pledged to Regensburg. During this time, further demolition measures were carried out in the area of ​​the Katharinenspital, because there the northern bridgehead of the stone bridge was to be surrounded with a wall and a moat in preparation for the expected attacks by the Hussites .

In 1496 Stadtamhof was elevated to the status of a city by the Bavarian Duke Albrecht IV. The city's coat of arms represented three keys.

During the Thirty Years' War , Swedish troops captured Stadtamhof and Regensburg in November 1633. The fighting for Regensburg began and Stadtamhof was expanded by the Swedes as a defense against the attack by imperial troops expected from the north. After several weeks of siege, Stadtamhof and then the city of Regensburg were recaptured by imperial and Bavarian troops. In the run-up to and in the course of the fighting, Stadtamhof was almost completely destroyed.

At the beginning of the 18th century the plague raged in the city, which at that time had about 1500 inhabitants. The current name Stadtamhof has been used since the early 19th century .

The years 1703 and 1704

In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) the Bavarian Elector Maximilian II refused allegiance to Emperor Joseph I (HRR) . He had fought on the French side and acted as an ally of the French King Louis XIV. Threateningly, he gathered his troops north of the Danube at Stadtamhof and took his headquarters in Weichs Castle . In April 1703 he extorted a neutrality agreement from the imperial city of Regensburg, easily accessible via the stone bridge, and the non-fighting handover of the city keys, which the Bavarian General Alessandro Maffei received.

At the gates of Regensburg, Maximilian had the Bavarian Stadtamhof fortified with ramparts and palisades. The unclear situation escalated when, in August 1704, a strong imperial army under the command of Field Marshal Ludwig von Herbeville approached from the north and on August 10 began to set up artillery on the Trinity Mountain and at the bridge over the Regen to Reinhausen . The Bavarian Elector Maximilian felt threatened. When he realized that he was militarily inferior, he quickly occupied the city of Regensburg with his troops and had the city militia disarmed as a precaution. Maximilian however refused to surrender to the imperial troops. When the residents of Stadtamhof did not want to surrender without a fight, a bombardment of Stadtamhof began on the evening of August 11th. On the following day Stadtamhof was stormed in three places by the imperial troops,

The attacks were successful and there were nocturnal looting by the conquerors and fires. In addition, Stadtamhof had to pay 2000 guilders ransom and feed 600 hussars. When the occupation did not end, members of the city council asked the Kaiser in Vienna for indulgence and were successful. An imperial order to Herbeville ended the occupation. It was not until decades later in 1862 that a commemorative plaque was placed at house An der Schierstadt No. 3 for the 12 citizens who died in the fighting.

The year 1809

Stadtamhof was again the scene of fighting during the Fifth Coalition War . Austrian troops attacked on April 10th. a. the Kingdom of Bavaria , which at that time was allied with Napoleon in the Rhine Confederation . On April 19, the Austrian troops arriving from the north reached Stadtamhof. The 65th regiment d'infanterie to secure Regensburg was stationed there on the Dreifaltigkeitsberg , and with 12 companies of 200 men each belonged to the army of Marshal Davout . These French troops now had to give way to the overwhelming Austrian force and withdrew into the urban area of ​​Stadtamhof, where they were temporarily protected by the north gate of Stadtamhof. The gate was bombarded by Austrian artillery and after heavy house- to- house fighting , the Austrian Kolowrat Corps had to retreat on the same day. The next day, when the Austrian attackers received further reinforcements, the French troops surrendered and the local commander Colonel Coutard handed both Stadtamhof and Regensburg over to the Austrians.

After the troops of Archduke Carl u. a. At Eggmühl (April 22nd) suffered heavy losses and a decisive defeat, they retired to Regensburg, where the so-called Battle of Regensburg broke out the next day . During the course of April 23, the French troops stormed and plundered Regensburg and tried to capture the weakened Austrian army , which fled over the Danube and Stadtamhof. To prevent this, the Austrians systematically set Stadtamhof on fire with grenades and pitch wreaths, almost completely destroying it. In the years that followed, Stadtamhof was rebuilt with its current appearance.

Memorial inscription in the pylon gate

Inscription in the pylon gate

Since April 2009 there has been an inscription in the listed pylon gate with the following text:

"1809
TERROR DAYS
BY NAPOLEON
IN MEMORY
TO THE VICTIMS
2009 "

The wording of the inscription goes back to the Regensburg cultural advisor Klemens Unger. Critics interpreted the text as an expression of Unger's "manic hatred of the French". According to a large number of historians who spoke up in a supra-regional criticism, the text of the inscription is factually incorrect because the destruction was caused by Austrian troops.

Regardless of this, it should also be borne in mind that the so-called "French Army" was an army of the Confederation of the Rhine . a. Bavarian and Württemberg troops were also involved. Even Regensburg had to provide troops from 1808 as a member of the Rhine Confederation, some of which died in the theater of war in Spain at the same time.

For example, the general curator of the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, Egon Greipl, found that the factually incorrect inscription text did not do justice to history and stood for a national, anti-French historical image of the 19th century. The inscription was carved on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the destruction of Stadtamhof, several requests to revise it have been rejected by the city administration so far.

Railway connections

Stadtamhof around 1903 with tram
  • Stadtamhof became the starting point for the Walhalla Railway in 1889
  • Stadtamhof became the terminus of a line of the new Regensburg tram in 1902

Colosseum

From March to April 1945 was in the former restaurant Colosseum , a satellite camp of Flossenburg .

Attractions

Bridge Bazaar No. 1–3 Stadtamhof
  • At the northern end of the central market and main street, the former northern city gate was rebuilt in the classicist style on the occasion of the rebuilding of the city, which was destroyed in 1809 . It bears the name Pylonentor and is reminiscent of an Egyptian gateway (pylon, inscription see above).
  • At the southern end of the central market and main street, after 1810, after the complete demolition of all the heavily damaged city ​​fortifications that were formerly located there , several Biedermeier, bourgeois-looking ground-floor so-called baza buildings were built. The new buildings encompassed a rectangular area, the former Stadtamhofer bridgehead, location of the destroyed Black Tower , the third gate tower of the Stone Bridge. Almost all of the bazaar buildings were subsequently changed several times, but the overall impression of the building ensemble was retained.
St. Andreas and St. Mang
  • Church building
    • The rococo church and former collegiate church of St. Mang now serves as the parish church of Stadtamhof. The College of Church Music is now housed in the monastery buildings, which were secularized in 1803 .
    • The Gerhardinger School, named after the Stadtamhofer nun Karoline Gerhardinger , has been located in the building of the Augustinian women choirs since 1814.
    • On Franziskanerplatz there was the St. Kassian Monastery , which was demolished in 1891, and the associated church, which was demolished in 1911
    • Sacred Heart Monastery of the Augustinian Choir Women
    • The former St. Katharina's monastery was abolished as early as 1316, whereas the Katharinenspital with the hospital church and the popular beer garden still exists today. Although on the Stadtamhof side of the Danube, the hospital grounds belonged to the imperial city of Regensburg.
  • Fischlsäule , a baroque pillar (around 1720) at the confluence of Seifensiedergasse and Andreasstrasse. The founder was the ship master Johann Fischl, in front of whose house (Am Gries 15) the column stood until 1922.
  • The Andreasstadel is a two-storey salt barn built in 1597. It is the oldest preserved secular building in Stadtamhof and served the Bavarian salt trade , which was made more expensive or even hindered by the imperial city of Regensburg on the Stone Bridge by levying tariffs. Today the barn houses private apartments, studios for artists, a restaurant and a cinema.
Colosseum memorial stone, 1994
Narrow gauge locomotive Walhalla-Bockerl am Stadl ( Walhallabahn )

Personalities

Remarks

  1. ↑ The monastery was demolished in 1891 and the monastery church in 1910

Web links

Commons : Stadtamhof  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Topographia Bavariae: Statt am Hoff  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 602 .
  2. ↑ Two kilometers of the Danube alternative road . Central Bavarian Newspaper . Retrieved August 7, 2014.
  3. ^ Daniela Schetar, Friedrich Köthe and Peter Hirth: DuMont Bildatlas Bayerischer Wald. P. 33. (online at Google Books : [1] ).
  4. ↑ In contrast to Wöhrden, Stadtamhof is not counted among the Danube Islands on the city of Regensburg's website.
  5. ^ Karl Bauer: The Regensburg art, culture and everyday history . MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 709-712 .
  6. ↑ Klaus Heilmeier: A desert island and more of a village than a suburb. Searching for traces on the Untere Wöhrd . In: City of Regensburg, Office for Archives and Preservation of Monuments (ed.): Preservation of monuments in Regensburg . tape 13 . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7917-2550-5 , pp. 125 .
  7. ↑ Silvia Codreanu-Windauer, Harald Grieß: Detected, history on our doorstep . Peter Kittel Regensburg, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-021732-6 , pp. 48 .
  8. ^ A b Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 692 f .
  9. ↑ Artur Dirmeier: Stat am Hoffpey Regensburg , Tobias Appl, Georg Köglmeier (eds.): Regensburg, Bayern und das Reich , Schnell + Steiner Regensburg 2010, p. 120.
  10. ↑ Artur Dirmeier: Stat am Hoff pey Regensburg 2010, p. 141.
  11. ^ Karl Bauer : Regensburg. Art, culture and everyday history , MZ-Verlag Regensburg, 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 . Pp. 692-704.
  12. ↑ Artur Dirmeier: Stat at Hoff pey Regensburg 2010 S. 121st
  13. ^ Karl Bauer : Regensburg. Art, culture and everyday history , MZ-Verlag Regensburg, 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 . P. 695.
  14. ↑ Marcus Junkelmann, DER KÜHNSTE FELDZUG , Bauer-Verlag Schierling, 2009, p. 48.
  15. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 697-699 .
  16. ^ "Manischer Franzosenhass" , regensburg-digital , report from May 15, 2009 (last accessed on November 26, 2013).
  17. ↑ egensburg-digital.de: disciplinary complaint against culture-Unger .
  18. ^ Konrad Maria Färber: An Intermezzo, The Principality of Regensburg between 1802 and 1810 . In: Hans Jürgen Becker, Konrad Maria Färber (Hrsg.): Regensburg becomes Bavarian. A reader . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7917-2218-4 , pp. 51, 52 .
  19. ↑ Egon Greipl: Napoleon and Bavaria: Can one argue about the evaluation of the year 1809? , in: Negotiations of the Historical Association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg 149, 2009, pp. 189–203; here 199–200.
  20. ↑ Anke Borgmeyer, Achim Hubel: Monuments in Bavaria. City of Regensburg , MZ-Verlag Regensburg, 1997, p. 558, ISBN 3-927529-92-3 .
  21. ↑ Eugen Trapp: The bazaar at Stadtamhof. On the history of a Biedermeier shopping center . In: City of Regensburg, Lower Monument Protection Authority (Hrsg.): Preservation of monuments in Regensburg . tape 14 . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7917-2708-0 , pp. 77 ff .