Johann Karl Kolowrat-Krakowsky

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Johann Nepomuk Karl Graf Kolowrat-Krakowsky Freiherr von Ugezd (Czech Jan Nepomuk Karel Krakovský z Kolovrat ; born December 21, 1748 in Prague ; †  June 5, 1816 ) was an Austrian field marshal .

Johann Nepomuk Karl Kolowrat-Krakowsky

Life

He came from the Bohemian noble family Kolowrat . The father was Prokop Count Kolowrat-Krakowsky. The mother was Anna Margaretha Countess von Ogilvy. One brother was Archbishop Alois Josef Krakovský von Kolowrat .

He was raised at home by a Jesuit . At the age of 18 he joined the Dragoon Regiment No. 37 in the rank of sub-lieutenant in 1766 . Two years later he bought a captain's position in the Hungarian Infantry Regiment No. 34. He took part in the War of the Bavarian Succession in 1778/79 without making a difference.

After the war he was transferred to Hungary with his regiment. He served in the war against the Ottomans from 1787 . At the beginning of the war he had the rank of lieutenant colonel . In 1788 he was promoted to colonel and appointed commander of the 19 Infantry Regiment. In 1789 he distinguished himself in the assault on Belgrade . He was wounded in the head by a shot. He was then promoted to major general on October 9, 1789 . As imperial commissioner, he handed over the fortress of Belgrade to the previous opponents in 1791 after the peace agreement with the Ottomans. On the advice of Prince Joseph von Colloredo , he was transferred to the artillery in 1792 . He commanded a brigade and became the owner of Artillery Regiment No. 2.

In the First Coalition War he proved himself on the Rhine in 1795, while he was in command of the artillery corps of the Austrian main army under Feldzeugmeister Graf von Clerfayt . He was then promoted to Lieutenant Field Marshal on March 4, 1796 (with a patent from May 20, 1795).

In early 1797, he particularly stood out during the siege of Kehl . In 1797 he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Maria Theresa Order . In 1800 he was promoted to Feldzeugmeister .

In 1801 he became a member of the Court War Council and a real secret council . He also became the owner of Infantry Regiment No. 36. In 1803, he took over the post of commanding general in Bohemia. He distinguished himself as such in the Third War of the Coalition , when he effectively supported Archduke Ferdinand . At the Battle of Austerlitz in December 1805 he commanded the fourth column with about 23,000 men together with the Russian General Miloradowitsch .

During the war of 1809 , Kolowrat commanded the 3rd Corps of the main army under Archduke Karl . He marched into Bavaria from Bohemia and occupied Stadtamhof and Regensburg . The defeats of the main army also forced Kolowrat's corps to retreat through Bohemia into Marchfeld in Lower Austria . Before the battle of Wagram (July 5, 1809), he united with the main army and took part in the battle with his corps. After the defeat, an army under the command of Archduke Ferdinand was to be drawn together to defend Bohemia. With this Kolowrat was to serve the general as a close advisor (Adlatus), but because of the early peace agreement, it did not come to that. Because of his services, he was promoted to field marshal on September 12, 1809.

For health reasons, Kolowrat could not actively participate in the Wars of Liberation from 1813 to 1815. As the commanding general in Bohemia, however, he supported the allied armies and took care of the sick and wounded. Later King Louis XVIII. appointed Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor by France for the welfare of the wounded French soldiers . At his request, he was released from active service on May 6, 1816 and at the same time received the Grand Cross of the Leopold Order .

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personal data
SURNAME Kolowrat-Krakowsky, Johann Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Count Kolowrat-Krakowsky Freiherr von Ugezd, Johann Nepomuk Karl; Krakovský z Kolovrat, Jan Nepomuk Karel (Czech)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian field marshal
DATE OF BIRTH December 21, 1748
PLACE OF BIRTH Prague
DATE OF DEATH June 5, 1816