Ferdinand Karl of Austria-Este (1781–1850)

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Colored lithograph by Joseph Kriehuber , 1841
Ferdinand Karl Joseph von Este, lithograph, 1824

Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este (born April 25, 1781 in Milan , † November 5, 1850 at Schloss Ebenzweier in Altmünster am Traunsee ) was an Austrian field marshal and governor-general of Galicia and Transylvania .

Life

Ferdinand Karl Joseph von Este was born as the second son of Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton Joseph and Maria Beatrice d'Este on April 25, 1781 in Milan . He was the brother of Duke Franz IV of Modena († 1846). In 1799, after attending the military academy at Wiener Neustadt , he joined the army and became in 1800 Major General .

During the war against France (1805) he received the supreme command of the 3rd Austrian Army Corps, which was stationed in Swabia , and was cut off after Field Marshal Lieutenant Mack , who was attached to him as Chief of the General Staff, in his position on the Iller, between Ulm and Günzburg was defeated on October 9th by Marshal Ney near Günzburg .

Ferdinand escaped, however, while Mack surrendered in Ulm , via Geislingen an der Steige and Oettingen with about 2000 horsemen to Bohemia , while infantry and heavy artillery fell into the hands of the pursuing cavalry Murat an der Altmühl . Thereupon he received the supreme command of the imperial troops in Bohemia, organized the Landsturm , gave the Bavarians several happy meetings and covered the right wing of the great allied army until the battle of Austerlitz .

In 1809 he entered the Duchy of Warsaw as commander in chief of the 7th Army Corps with 36,000 men via the Pilica , tried in vain to persuade the Poles to revolt against Napoleon I and Duke Friedrich August of Warsaw and encountered stubborn resistance at Raszyn from Poniatowski , who, however left Warsaw on April 22nd and bypassed the Austrians , while Ferdinand moved against Kalisch and attacked Thorn in vain.

The passage of Dombrowskis over the Bzura forced the Austrians to evacuate Warsaw on June 2 and also to leave part of Galicia with Cracow to the advancing Poniatowski.

In 1815 Ferdinand took over the supreme command of the Austrian reserve and crossed the Rhine with two detachments of the same, but without having the opportunity to distinguish himself.

In 1816 he was given general command in Hungary , and in 1830 the general and civil government in Galicia . 1835-1837 he was governor of Transylvania .

In his difficult position in Lemberg, deceived by the Galician nobility and lulled into carelessness and surprised by the outbreak of the Cracow uprising in 1846, he soon resigned his post, lived since then mostly in Italy and died on November 5, 1850 at Castle Ebenzweier in Altmünster on the Traunsee (near Gmunden ). His heart was buried separately and is in the Loreto Chapel of the Augustinian Church in Vienna .

literature

Web links

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This article is based on a text in the public domain from Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 4th edition from 1888 to 1890.

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personal data
SURNAME Ferdinand Karl of Austria-Este
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ferdinand Karl Joseph Archduke of Austria-Este
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian Field Marshal and Governor General
DATE OF BIRTH April 25, 1781
PLACE OF BIRTH Milan
DATE OF DEATH November 5, 1850
Place of death Altmünster on the Traunsee