Jan Henryk Dąbrowski

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General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
Coat of arms of the Dąbrowski family from the Rawicz Coat of Arms Modification with the proper name Dąbrowski

Jan Henryk Dąbrowski [ˈjan ˈxɛnrɨk dɔmˈbrɔfskʲi] (also Johann Heinrich Dombrowski ; born August 29, 1755 in Pierzchowice , near Cracow ; † June 6, 1818 in Winna Góra , municipality of Środa Wielkopolska , Grand Duchy of Poznan ) was a Polish general . He is revered as a Polish national hero.

Life

Dąbrowski grew up in Hoyerswerda as the son of Electorate Colonel Johann Michael Dąbrowski (Dombrowski) and served in the Saxon army from 1772 to 1792 , then took part on the Polish side under Stanislaus Poniatowski in the Russo-Polish War of 1792 against the Russian invasion in Poland-Lithuania and the Targowica Confederation .

During a national uprising under the leadership of Tadeusz Kościuszko against the Second Partition of Poland and the political incapacitation by the Russian Empire , Dąbrowski was the commanding general . On October 2, 1794, he occupied Bromberg after defeating a Prussian corps in the Battle of Bromberg . When the uprising collapsed, Dąbrowski retreated to Greater Poland. Prussia did not allow him to move to France with the remnants of his troops .

After 1795 he joined the political association Agencja . In 1796 Dąbrowski followed Józef Wybicki's call to France and in 1797 organized military associations of Polish volunteers to protect the newly founded Cisalpine Republic . Like the Danube Legion of General Karol Kniaziewicz, this legion placed itself in the service of the French Republic . The aim of the Polish generals was to march into former Polish areas with the help of Revolutionary France and to liberate them. The partitions of Poland by Austria , Prussia and Russia should be reversed and Poland should be resurrected. In reality, the French Republic used the Polish Legion as a foreign regiment for its own purposes, for example in Napoléon's Italian campaign.

Dąbrowski became a member of the Freemasons ' Union in Italy , his lodge belonged to the Grande Oriente d'Italia . On January 8, 1808 he was a founding member of the Loge Français et Anglais Réunis in Poznan . He was also an honorary member of the Piast lodges in Posen and the wreathed cube in Gnesen .

In the army of the new Duchy of Warsaw he led the command and took part in the Russian campaign in 1812 and in the campaigns in Germany in 1813 . Initially commander of a Polish division, after Poniatowski's death he became commander-in-chief of the entire Polish army.

After the end of the duchy through the Congress of Vienna , he organized the new Polish army as general of the cavalry under Tsar Alexander I , the new king of Congress Poland. In 1816 he quit his service.

Dąbrowski plays the main role in the text of today's Polish national anthem . The hymn was written by Józef Wybicki , who also went to Italy , as a song of the Polish legions in Italy. She expresses the desire that Dąbrowski lead them back to Poland and let the fatherland rise again with them.

Honors

literature

Web links

Commons : Jan Henryk Dąbrowski  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich CA Hasse, Contemporaries, Leipzig 1830
  2. ↑ Brockhaus, 1832
  3. ↑ Ludwik Hass: Wolnomularze polscy w lożach Zachodu: dwie pierwsze dekady XIX wieku, w: Ars Regia 7/8, 13/14, 1998–1999, s. 150.
  4. ^ Robert A. Minder: Freemason Politicians Lexicon, study publisher; Innsbruck 2004, 350 pages, ISBN 3-7065-1909-7 ; P. 215
  5. ↑ Forgotten Polish liberators: Hania Szelewicz (Hania's battle name for Anna) and Anna: "Majdanek, that was the point why we fight! So that this damn Hitlerian machinery is smashed!" VVN-BdA
personal data
SURNAME Dąbrowski, Jan Henryk
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish general
DATE OF BIRTH August 29, 1755
PLACE OF BIRTH Pierzchowice, near Cracow
DATE OF DEATH June 6, 1818
Place of death Winnogóra, at Wronki