Governor of Transylvania

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Gubernator of Transylvania was the title of chairman of the civil administration in Transylvania from the beginning of the Habsburg rule; From 1849 until the Austro-Hungarian Compromise in 1867, the functional designation (civil) governor was in use.

Habsburg rule was established in stages: in 1686 and 1687, Prince Michael I. Apafi , who was appointed by the Ottoman Empire in 1661, was forced to come to terms with the Habsburgs and enter into contracts with Emperor Leopold due to the advance of Austrian troops after the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683 I. the sovereignty of the emperor in his capacity as king of Hungaryto recognize; In 1688 the agreement was confirmed by the Transylvanian state parliament. Apafi died in 1690. On December 4, 1691, the Leopoldine Diploma was issued, the country's basic contract with the House of Austria. In 1697, the 21-year-old son of Apafis, Michael II Apafi , who had reigned as prince under Leopold I's tutelage since 1692, renounced the principality in return for compensation. In 1699, Transylvania was recognized as part of Austria by the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Karlowitz .

The governor was the local representative of the Prince of Transylvania , who at that time was the Habsburg ruler residing in Vienna. The person of the governor was usually recruited from the three politically relevant population groups in Transylvania, the Magyar nobles, the Szeklers and the Transylvanian Saxons . (The Romanians, then called Wallachians , were not recognized as an ethnic group for a long time.) In the absence of a suitable candidate, the respective commanders of the Habsburg army in the east of the empire were repeatedly appointed as governors (most recently referred to as military and civil governors) .

In 1866, a state parliament in which the Magyars represented the majority decided against the interests of the other nationalities of the country to join Transylvania with Hungary. It was carried out by royal rescript on February 17, 1867. In the settlement of 1867, Transylvania was therefore established as the country of the Hungarian crown . The administration of the province was now the responsibility of the Royal Hungarian Government in Budapest until 1918, which soon abolished independent Transylvanian organs.

List of gubernators

  • Georg (György) Count Bánffy von Losoncz I, 1690–1708
  • Stephan (István) Count Haller von Hallerstein (Hallerkö), 1709–1710
  • Stephan (István) Freiherr Wesselényi von Hadad, 1710–1713
  • Sigismund (Zsigmond) Count Kornis von Gönczruszka, 1713–1731
  • Stephan (István) Freiherr Wesselényi von Hadad, 1731–1732
  • Franz Anton Paul Count Wallis von Karighmain , General, 1732–1734
  • Johann (János) Count Haller von Hallerstein (Hallerkö), 1734–1755
  • Franz Wenzel Count Wallis von Karighmain, 1755–1758
  • Ladislaus (László) Count Kemény von Gyerö-monostor, 1758–1762
  • Nikolaus Adolph Freiherr von Buccow , General, 1762–1764
  • Count Andreas Hadik von Futak , 1764–1767
  • Count Karl O'Donnell of Tyrconnel, General, 1767–1770
  • Joseph Maria Graf Auersperg , 1771–1774
  • Baron Samuel von Brukenthal , 1774–1787
  • Georg (György) Count Bánffy von Losoncz II, 1787–1822
  • Johann (János) Freiherr Jósika von Branyicska, officer, 1823–1834
  • Archduke Ferdinand Karl , 1835–1837
  • Johann (János) Count Kornis von Gönczruszka, 1838–1840
  • Josef (Jozsef) Count Teleki von Szék, 1842–1848
  • Emmerich (Imre) Count Mikó von Hidvég, 1848
  • Anton Freiherr von Puchner, 1848–1849
  • Baron Ludwig von Wohlgemuth , Lieutenant Field Marshal , Military and Civil Governor 1849-1851
  • Karl (II.) Prince of Schwarzenberg , Feldzeugmeister , military and civil governor 1851–1858
  • Prince Friedrich von und zu Liechtenstein , 1858–1861
  • Emmerich (Imre) Count Mikó von Hidvég, 1860–1861
  • Ludwig Graf Folliot de Crenneville, field marshal lieutenant, military and civil governor 1861–1867

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Law and Government Gazette for the Crown Land of Transylvania, No. 5/1850
  2. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 5th edition, 15th volume, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1897, p. 996

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