65 e regiment d'infanterie

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Régiment de Salis
Régiment de Sonnenberg
65 e régiment d'infanterie

65e Régiment d'Infanterie.jpg

Association badge of the 65 e regiment d'infanterie
active 1672 to 1940
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces infantry
Type regiment
Location last garrison: Caserne Cambronne in Nantes
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto Pour le roi et la patrie , later: N'a peur de rien et comme Cambronne il le dit bien
Awards Croix de guerre

The 65 e régiment d'infanterie was a French infantry regiment that existed until 1940. It was set up in 1672 as the "Régiment de Salis", a so-called "Swiss Foreign Regiment" (Régiment etrangère) of the royal army of the Ancien Régime . It led the ranking list number 75.

At the time of formation it was the third of four regiments in the service of the French crown and consisted of 12 companies of 200 men each. It was compiled from several cantons , such as the canton of Bern , the canton of Neuchâtel , the canton of Schwyz and the canton of Lucerne

Lineup and significant changes

  • February 17, 1672  : Establishment of the Regiment de Salis
  • 1690  : Renamed the Régiment de Porlier
  • September 30, 1692: Renamed the Régiment de Reynold
  • June 25, 1702: Renamed the Régiment de Castellas
  • August 4, 1722: Renamed the Régiment de Bettens
  • August 15, 1739: Renamed the Régiment de Monnin
  • March 20, 1756: Renamed the Régiment de Reding
  • July 1, 1763: Renamed the Régiment de Pfyffer
  • December 26, 1768: Renamed the Régiment de Sonnenberg
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 65 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • August 20, 1792: After the king had been deposed that year, the Swiss declared their oath of allegiance to have expired and demanded that they be released in accordance with the terms of surrender . This was obeyed and the regiment dissolved.

[...]

  • 25 nivôse an VII (January 14, 1799) : List of the "65 e demi-brigade de deuxième formation" in Rouen from the:
4 e demi-brigade de deuxième formation
16 e demi-brigade de deuxième formation
a contingent of conscripts from the an VII from the Département du Calvados
a contingent of conscripts from the an VII from the Département de la Lys
  • 1 he vendémiaire to XII (September 24, 1803) : reorganization of the infantry from the

“65 e demi-brigade de deuxième formation” became the new “65 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne”.

  • 1914 : During the mobilization, the reserve regiment , the "265 e régiment d'infanterie" was set up. Both regiments were made up of residents of Brittany and the Vendée . The garrison was Nantes .
  • March 20, 1915 : Creation of the "411 e régiment d'infanterie", which was then divided into the 65 e RI and 265 e RI.

Furnishing

Tambour drum of the Regiment de Castellas.

Flags

The regiment carried eight flags (one per company) including a white body flag of the regiment owner.

  • Ordinance flags

  • Régiment de Porlier 1690 to 1692

  • Régiment de Reynold 1692 to 1702

  • Régiment de Castellas 1702 to 1722

  • Régiment de Bettens 1722 to 1739

  • Régiment de Monnin 1739 to 1756

  • Régiment de Reding 1756 to 1763

  • Régiment de Pfyffer 1763 to 1768

  • Régiment de Sonnenberg 1768 to 1792

Uniformity

Grenadier of the Régiment de Sonnenberg 1786

  • Régiment de Bettens 1727 to 1734

  • Régiment de Bettens 1729 to 1734, (Sergent)

  • Régiment de Monnin 1734 to 1740

  • Régiment de Monnin 1740 to 1756

  • Régiment de Reding 1762 to 1763

  • Régiment de Sonnenberg 1776 to 1786

  • Hunter of the Régiment de Sonnenberg 1786 to 1791

  • Sergent of Raiders of the 65 e Régiment d'infantry de ligne 1791-1792

Mestres de camp / Colonels / Chefs de brigade

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment, the command was given to the “Mestre de camp lieutenant” (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the Leave a colonel lieutenant or colonel en second.

  • February 17, 1672: Mestre de camp Rodolphe de Salis Zizers ( Graubünden )
  • 1690: Mestre de camp Jean Porlier (Bern)
  • September 30, 1692: Mestre de camp François de Reynold ( Friborg )
  • June 25, 1702: Mestre de camp François Nicolas Albert de Castellas (Friborg),
  • August 4, 1722: Colonel Georges Mannlich de Bettens
  • August 15, 1739: Mestre de camp François Monnin
  • March 20, 1756: Mestre de camp Antoine baron de Reding - Frauenfeld, (from the canton of Schwyz)
  • July 1, 1763: Mestre de camp François Louis Pfyffer de Wyher, (from the canton of Lucerne)
  • December 26, 1768: Mestre de camp Jacques Antoine de Sonnenberg, (from the canton of Lucerne)
  • [...]
  • 1803-1811: Colonel Coutard.
  • [...]
  • 1870: Colonel Sée.
  • 1884: Colonel Albert Senault.
  • [...]
  • December 31, 1913 to September 8, 1914: Colonel Paul Balagny
  • 1914 to 1915: Colonel Xavier Desgrées du Lou (killed in the fighting at Mesnil-lès-Hurlus )
  • 1915 to 1917: Colonel Félix de Vial .
  • [...]

Mission history

Dutch War (1672 to 1678)

Reunion War (1683 to 1684)

War of the Palatinate Succession (1688 to 1697)

  • 1689 : Used in the Battle of Walcourt
  • 1690 : In the Battle of Fleurus , the unit was able to distinguish itself. The Mestre de camp Salis and eight other officers were wounded. Salis did not recover and died of his injuries. He was replaced by Jean Porlier from Bern. Renamed "Régiment de Porlier".
  • 1691 : Siege of Mons . In April the regiment stood out in an attack. After the city was taken, a battalion remained as a garrison. The other three battalions fought in the battle of Leuze . Winter quarters were moved into Courtrai .
  • 1692 : Siege of Namur . A grenadier company distinguished itself in the attack on Fort Guillaume.
Battle of Steenkerke , the regiment appeared first in support of the Régiment de Bourbonnais . Porlier and his men blocked a breach through which the enemy could have advanced until the brigade with the Régiment des Gardes françaises and the Régiment des Gardes suisses had approached. The use of the regiment was crucial to the victory. However, the Mestre de camp Porlier, eight more officers and 93 men were killed, 16 officers and 276 men were wounded. Now the Mestre de camp François de Reynold from Friborg took over the regiment.
Battle of Neerwinds , the regiment fought with distinction and participated in the first attack on the village at 9 a.m. The Capitaine de Vallier fell, Mestre de camp de Reynold was wounded.
in September: Siege of Charleroi
  • 1693 to 1695 : Campaigns with the “Armée de Flandre” (Flanders Army)
  • 1695 to 1697 : in the Deynse camp

War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714)

The new owner of the regiment was the Mestre de camp de Castellas from Friborg.

  • 1701 : Use in border protection
  • 1702 : Battle near Nijmegen . It was then stationed in Liège , where almost the entire regiment was surprised by the enemy in mid-November and taken to Holland as prisoners.
  • 1703 : The unit was able to rehabilitate itself in the Battle of Cambrai . They then marched to Antwerp , where the king formally restored the regiment's honor.
  • 1704 : Siege of Huy and Liège. Then transfer from the Tirlemont camp to the lines in front of Namur, where the regiment remained in 1705.
  • 1706 : Participation in the Battle of Ramillies , in which two officers are killed. The Mestre de camp lieutenant de Bettens later died of his wounds.
  • 1707 : The regiment spent the Flemish campaign of the year in the field camp of Gemblours and then moved to Provence , which was invaded by the Austrians and Piedmontese. It was then ordered to Toulon , whose siege was broken off after 10 days. The unit pursued the retreating enemy to Nice and took up winter quarters there.
  • 1708 : Part of the regiment was quartered in Briançon , the rest operated in the Alps and fought against the Allies. "Castellas" stayed on this border until 1712 and defended the passes between Grenoble and the Var . At the end of the year the regiment was in Colmar where it was ordered to march to Catalonia , where Girona was seriously threatened and where in January 1713 it was involved in breaking the siege. It then took part in the campaign under the Comte de Fiennes and was used in the fight against guerrillas .
  • 1714 : The three battalions stood at the siege of Barcelona , where the major and five other officers perished. Four officers were wounded there; the seriously ill Mestre de camp-lieutenant Bettens was carried on the day of the attack on the breach.
  • 1715 : “Castellas” returned to Provence and was reduced to 2 battalions.

Quadruple Alliance War (1718-1720)

In order to assert itself against Spain, a French army under Marshal Berwick marched across the Pyrenees into the Basque Country in the spring of 1719 , but had to withdraw again in November because of the poor supply situation. Another advance to Catalonia saw the regiment with the conquest of Fuenterrabia , La Seu d'Urgell and San Sebastián , as well as with the siege of Roses , which had to be abandoned due to bad weather.

War of the Polish Succession (1733-1738)

Under the name "Régiment de Bettens", the regiment was stationed in Strasbourg in 1725 until Maria Leszczyńska arrived . It was used on the left bank of the Rhine in three campaigns of the war. From 1736 to 1737 it then moved into garrisons in Marsal , then in Strasbourg and Neubreisach .

War of the Austrian Succession (1740 to 1748)

  • 1743 : Assigned to the Electoral Palatinate, it was part of the brigade association with the "Régiment des Gardes Suisses" and protected, among other things, the Rhine bridge near Worms . Then it was sent to Landau , which was threatened by the enemy . On November 23, two companies of grenadiers and two piquets, supported by a division of the Régiment de Condé, managed to raid the Austrian supply camp in Ettlingen .
  • 1744 : The regiment remained in garrison until the arrival of the king in Landau and then moved to the siege of Freiburg im Breisgau .
  • 1745 : Relocation to Flanders and participation in the siege of Oudenaarde
  • 1746 : In January the regiment was besieging Brussels , where it was able to take the suburb of “de Flandre”. It then fought under Armand de Bourbon, prince de Conti in the siege of Mons and then returned to the king's army, which besieged Namur . Subsequently relocation to the area between Sambre and Maas, it was involved in the capture of Fort Oranje and then fought in the Battle of Roucourt .
  • 1747 : Involved in the conquest of the fortresses Sluis , Sas van Gent and Fort Philippe in the corps of Ulrich von Löwendal . It then joined the king's army and fought with distinction in the battle of Lauffeldt . Together with the Régiment de Bettens , it attacked the village of Lauffeldt six times and lost more than half of the forces deployed. The lieutenant colonel Marquis was fatally wounded. On August 29, two battalions left the camp in Tongeren and marched to the siege of Bergen op Zoom , where Capitaine Maillardoz was killed. After taking the fortress, the regiment marched on Calais , which was threatened by a British fleet.
Moritz of Saxony in the battle of Lauffeldt
  • 1748 : The year was spent on the Normandy coast, the staff garrison was Caen , where the losses of Lauffeldt and Bergen op Zoom were replaced.
  • 1753 to 1754 : Garrison in the camp in Marsal.

Seven Years War (1757 to 1763)

Peace time

In the course of the regular relocation, "Pfyffer" was stationed in Bitsch in August 1765 , in Tours in April 1766 , in Metz in August 1767 , and in Saarlouis in October 1768 . In the following year he was assigned to the field camp at Verberie , in August 1769 to Fort-Louis , in January 1771 to Aire, in August 1772 to Douai , in October 1772 to Condé, in August 1774 to Douai, in October 1776 to Besançon , in October 1778 to Antibes and Monaco , in December 1778 to Toulon , in July 1779 to Bastia and St. Florent. On April 28, 1784 it came back to Toulon and was immediately sent on to Montdauphin . In October 1787 the regiment moved to Marseille , in April 1788 to Besançon and in June of the same year to Grenoble .

Revolution time

"Sonnenberg" was sent to Lyon in September 1789, where the presence of the Swiss soldiers led to lively unrest for no understandable reason. It got to the point that the soldiers had to retreat to the barracks and made a written commitment not to leave them. A few days later everything was changed for no reason and there was the best agreement between the Swiss and the citizens' militia. Apparently the soldiers of the "Régiment de Sonnenberg" had offered the National Guard in February 1790 to guard a powder magazine with them. This lasted until July 26th. On that day, the resignation of the National Guard commander caused an uprising in Lyon. The people attacked the arsenal and the city officials asked the regiment to restore order. However, the keepers of law and order were treated like enemies in France at the time. "Sonnenberg" has a bad experience. The soldiers were insulted and insulted by the population for restoring peace and quiet in the city.

Riots soon broke out in Avignon . The 2nd Battalion left Lyon on June 1, 1791 for Pierrelatte, where troops were assembled to put down the uprising that was devastating the Comtat Venaissin . It stayed in orange for a while and left this city in September to march on Metz. Here it met the 1st Battalion, which arrived from Lyon at the same time.

The last garrison of "Sonnenberg" was Saarlouis , where the regiment was part of the center's army in May 1792. Here it was released four months later.

Wars of the Revolution and the Empire

Spanish War of Independence

Campaign in Germany

Napoleonic Wars on the Iberian Peninsula and campaign in France

Campaign in Belgium

1815 to 1848

After the July Revolution of 1830 , the regiment was reorganized in Courbevoie by decree of King Louis-Philippe I on August 17, 1830 . It consisted of three battalions with 87 officers and 1,763 NCOs and men. The staff was transferred on the one hand by the royal guard and on the other hand consisted of former barricade fighters. It had no chaplains.

Belgian revolution

Sardinian war

1870 to 1871

On August 1, 1870, the "65 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne" belonged to the Armée du Rhin (Rhine Army).

With the 54 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne under the command of Colonel Caillot, it formed the 2nd brigade under Général Berger.

The 2nd and 1st Brigades of Général comte Pajol, two batteries with Canon de 4 modèle 1858 cannons , a mitrailleuse , and a pioneer company formed the 3rd Infantry Division, commanded by Général de division Latrille comte de Lorencez.

The 3rd Infantry Division was part of the 4th Army Corps under Général de division de Ladmirault.

After the surrender of Metz , the regiment went into German captivity.

First World War

In August 1914 the regiment was stationed in Nantes. The staff came mainly from Brittany and the Vendée . It consisted of three battalions and belonged to the 41st Infantry Brigade of the 21st Infantry Division in the 11th Army Corps. From November 1917 to November 1918 the regiment belonged to the 134th Infantry Division.

  • 1914 :
The departure from Nantes took place on August 5th to the cheering of the population.
August 22nd: Defensive battles in the Ardennes near Maissin in Belgium . Then deployed in the border battles near Sedan and Bouillon (Belgium) .
September 6th to 13th: Fighting in the Battle of the Marne near Fère-Champenoise . On September 8th, Colonel Paul Balagny was wounded by shrapnel during a German attack.
Winter 1914/1915: transition to trench warfare
  • 1915 :
January to June: positional battles on the Somme at La Boisselle , Beaumont-Hamel and Auchonvillier
May to June: Loretto Battle
June 7th to 11th: Fights near Hébuterne
August 13-21: Fights on the Serre and Ferme du Touvent.
August 22nd to the end of December: at La Courtine
September 25th to October 6th: Autumn battle in Champagne
October 6th: Attack on the Ouvrage du Trapèze on the Butte du Mesnil
  • 1916 :
February 21st to May 21st: Trench warfare in Champagne near Tahure and the Nameless Mountain
July to August: Battle of Verdun , fighting on the Froideterre, Fleury-devant-Douaumont , Ferme de Thiaumont, Bois de Vaux-Chapître, Fort de Souville .
September to November: aggressive fighting in the Woëvre plain
  • 1917 :
December 1916 to February 1917: aggressive fighting near Verdun.
January 14th to February 14th: fights near Bezonvaux , Louvemont , Cote du Poivre
March 29th and 30th: Aggressive fighting in the St. Quentin sector - Cote 150, Aubes-Terres, Ravin de Vauxaillon.
April 29th to May 9th: fighting at Chemin des Dames - Battle of the Aisne  ; Ravin de la Bovelle-ferme du Poteau d'Ailles
  • 1918 :
January to September: Trench warfare near Reims, (Cavaliers de Courcy, le Linguet, Germigny (Marne) , Ferme de Constantine)
September 9th to October 28th: ​​Attack battles on the Aisne near Gernicourt , Roucy , Rouvroy (Aisne) , Vouzier and Chertres.

Second World War

Award certificate of the Médaille commémorative française de la guerre 1939-1945

The 65 e RI (Colonel De Rosmorduc), the 48 e RI (Colonel Couturier) and the 137 e RI (Colonel Menon) formed the 21st Infantry Division. It was an active division of the "XI e région militaire" ( Nantes ). Division commander was Général de brigade Pigeaud, from October 13, 1939 Général de brigade Lanquetot. She was assigned to the 20th and then the 5th Army Corps of the 4th Army in Lorraine. On November 13th the division was withdrawn from eastern France and placed under the 1st Army Corps of the 7th Army. The division command was initially in Dunkirk and then from November 21 in Samer .

The unit was housed in the canton of Desvres during the winter of 1939/1940 . On May 22nd, the regiment arrived with the 10th anti-tank battery in Desreves, where it was attacked by German tanks early in the morning while arriving at the station. 200 men were still captured in the transport train. The 7th and 8th companies undertook a relief attack, but it failed. In the course of the French defeat, the regiment sank and was not set up again.

Honors

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

  • Flag of the regiment with Fourragère of the medal militaire

  • Reverse with honorable mentions

  • Croix de guerre with four palm branches and three gold-plated stars

The regiment is decorated with the Croix de guerre (1914–1918) (with four palm branches for the commendations by the army, and three gold-plated stars for the commendations by the army corps) and the Fourragère of the medal militaire .

The members of the regiment (even if they are re-established) have the right to wear the Fourragère des Médaille militaire.

In each of the cities of Desvres , Nantes and Vannes there is a street called "Rue du 65 e régiment d'infanterie".

Motto

Pour le roi et la patrie , (For King and Fatherland)
later: N'a peur de rien et comme Cambronne il le dit bien (Not afraid of anything ... as Cambronne said so beautifully.)

literature

  • À partir du Recueil d'Historiques de l'Infanterie Française (Général Andolenko - Eurimprim 1969).
  • Historique du 65 e régiment d'infanterie: Stralsund (1807), Ratisbonne (1809), Anvers (1832), Magenta (1859), la Grande Guerre (1914–1918) 1920 Editeur: H. Charles-Lavauzelle Paris, digitized on Gallica .
  • J. Dumaine "HISTOIRE DE L'INFANTERIE FRANÇAISE" Librairie militaire - Paris 1876 Volume 4 - pp. 344 to 350
  • Chronologie historique-militaire , M. Pinard, volumes 4, 5, 6 and 7, Paris 1761, 1762, 1763 and 1764

Web links

Commons : Drapeaux du 65e régiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Le 22 juin 1702: donnant à Castelas le regiment de Reynold, sans néanmoins quitter la lieutenance-colonelle du régiment des gardes. Voir Mémoires du marquis de Souches sur le règne de Louis XIV tome 7.
  1. ↑ It had nothing to do with the original 65 e RI, but the French tradition is only based on the number of the unit.
  2. ↑ Cinquième abrégé général du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer. Pierre Lemau de La Jaisse, Paris 1739.
  3. ↑ archives.loire-atlantique.fr
  4. ↑ Major was not a rank, but the service position for the officer who was responsible for the function of the unit in the regiment.
  5. ↑ Why this happened or whether and when it was dissolved is not known
  6. ↑ Histoire de l'infanterie en France de Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme vol. 5 p. 159
  7. ↑ Historique du 65e regiment d'infanterie, p. 9: Gallica 1920
  8. ^ Document for Joseph Nicolle from Montbert ( Loire-Inférieure ) (1912–1985), soldier of 65 e RI, taken prisoner of war on June 19, 1940 and held in Stalag XIII-B in Weiden / Upper Palatinate until 1945 .
  9. ↑ Archives de "Dunkerque 1940" livre historica n ° 80 from September 2004
  10. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  11. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  12. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time
  13. ↑ with "Cambronne" the Général Pierre Cambronne is meant