94 e régiment d'infantry

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Régiment Royal-Bavière
94 e régiment d'infanterie

Insigne régimentaire du 94e Régiment d'Infanterie..jpg

Internal association badge
active 1706 to 1993
Country Blason France modern.svg France
Armed forces Flag of France.svg French armed forces
Armed forces Flag of France.svg Armée française de terre
Branch of service infantry
Type Régiment d'infanterie mécanisée
Insinuation 8 e division d'infanterie
Location Bar-le-Duc
Patron saint Saint Maurice
motto On l'engage pour vaincre
Awards Médaille militaire , Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with five palm branches and a gold-plated star

The 94 e régiment d'infanterie was an infantry unit in the French army . It was established in 1706 as the Régiment Royal-Bavière of the royal French army. As a foreign regiment, it was mostly made up of foreigners, so it was referred to as régiment étranger ( alien regiment ) in French military jargon . In 1780 it was renamed the Régiment Royal Hesse-Darmstadt . The addition Royal stated that it was a regiment of the Crown, the regiment owner (Colonel) was thus the King himself, and it was led militarily by a Colonel en second .

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the "Mestre de camp lieutenant" (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the “Colonel-lieutenant” or “Colonel en second”.

  • January 1, 1709: Emmanuel-François-Joseph de Bavière
  • February 20, 1734: Emmanuel-François-Joseph de Bavière was promoted to Maréchal de camp on this date . The leadership of the regiment went to the previous Mestre de camp en second, Antoine Henri de Zastrow.
  • October 5, 1735: Mestre de camp en second de Gunntherode
  • 1747: The regiment owner, Emmanuel-François-Joseph, Comte de Bavière, died in the battle of Lauffeldt and was replaced by his nephew Emmanuel-Joseph, Comte d'Helfenberg. He was a natural son of the Bavarian Elector and Emperor Karl VII.
  • March 25 (or October 13) 1748: Count Karl von Helfenberg (died July 16, 1760)
  • August 15, 1760: Count Adam von Löwenhaupt
  • June 25, 1775: Karl Graf von Daun
  • April 15, 1780: Regiment owner Ludwig X. Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt

, represented by Lieutenant Colonel Pirsch

  • March 14, 1782: Regiment owner Friedrich-Ludwig, Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt, represented by Lieutenant Colonel Desroches
  • October 21, 1791: Jacques d'Alençon
  • November 23, 1791: Frédéric-Charles de Haack
  • December 20, 1791: Nicolas de Roques
  • May 16, 1792: André Hamilton
  • (...)
  • 1869: Colonel de Geslin

Lineup and significant changes

The regiment was set up in Alessandria in 1706 during the War of the Spanish Succession as a federation of the Bavarian Army and on January 1, 1709 it was handed over to the King of France. Colonel en second was Emmanuel-François-Joseph de Bavière , called Comte de Bavière, the illegitimate son of the Elector of Bavaria . It was the last regiment to enter service in the French army during the reign of King Louis XIV . It originally consisted of two battalions , but was incorporated into the Régiment d'Hesse-Darmstadt in 1715 and was reinforced in the course of the reorganization of the infantry in 1760 from the disbanded La Dauphiné infantry regiment to a third battalion. By order of April 15, 1780, the name of the regiment was changed, from now on it was called Régiment Royal Hesse-Darmstadt . In the ranking of infantry regiments, it was initially 101st, and in 1757 it was numbered 86. In the course of the French Revolution in 1791 the army was reorganized, the regiments lost their names and were only referred to by numbers.

From now on it was called 94 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (ci-devant Royal-Bavière) .

With the so-called premier amalgam , the regiment was split up. The 1st battalion was incorporated into the "171 e demi-brigade de bataille" on December 31, 1794 , the 2nd battalion was used on March 26, 1794 to set up the "172 e demi-brigade de bataille". This ended the tradition of the regiment until it was continued in 1803 after the establishment of a new "94 e régiment d'infanterie".

  • 1815 : When the Napoleonic Army was re-established during the reign of the Hundred Days , the regiment was no longer considered.
  • 1855 : The 19th light infantry regiment set up in 1820 was converted into a line infantry regiment and was assigned the number 94. The line of tradition was transferred to the “19 e régiment d'infanterie légère” and thus not interrupted here.
  • 1940 : When fighting ended after the German campaign in the west , the regiment was disbanded.
  • 1956 : re-installation
  • 1964 : dissolution
  • 1967 : re-installation
  • 1993 : dissolution

Regimental flag

Towards the end of the 17th century, the regiment still carried 18 flags (one per company). This was later reduced to one per battalion for the sake of clarity.

  • Orderly flag of the Royal Bavière regiment

  • Life flag of the Royal Bavière regiment

  • Flag of the 1st Battalion 1791 to 1793

  • Flag of the 2nd Battalion 1791 to 1793

18th century uniforms

  • 1720-1734

  • 1734-1740

  • 1740-1757

  • 1757-1762

  • 1762-1776

  • 1776-1791

  • 1791-1792

  • 1792-1794

Battle calendar

War of the Spanish Succession 1701-1714

In October 1709 it was commissioned to monitor the area on the Saar together with the Régiment de Rouergue and the Régiment d'Enghien .

1714 to 1733

It then moved into garrison in Strasbourg, where on June 10, 1715 the German Régiment de Reding was incorporated. ("Reding", however, was set up again in the same year and changed to the service of the Elector of Bavaria.)

War of the Polish Succession (1733-1738)

1733 : On November 12th, it marched with the Régiment de Pons , the Régiment de La Marine and the Régiment d'Alsace into the Margraviate of Baden to complete the work on the earthworks that should cover the bridge over the Rhine .
  • 1734 : Attack on the Ettlinger lines and participation in the siege of Philippsburg . Here the grenadiers of the 2nd Battalion were able to support the Régiment des Gardes françaises in taking an advanced field fortification. After the end of the campaign, the regiment was commanded to Italy, where it was involved in the capture of Revere and Gonzaga .
  • 1736 : In September he returned to France and was used as a garrison in Fort-Louis .

War of the Austrian Succession (1740 to 1748)

  • 1741 : The regiment was part of the first troops that were deployed to protect the Bavarian Elector (and elected German Emperor).
  • 1742 : Siege of Prague . In February, the 2nd Battalion under Capitaine de Montigny was deployed to protect the Kotzerad Bridge and Kamperburg Castle. It was heavily involved in supporting the outposts against the attacks by the Austrian hussars and returned to the city on May 16. The 1st Battalion, which had fought under Lieutenant-Colonel de Gunntherode near Sahay, had also returned here. The regiment, which had since fallen to 800 men, played a large part in the defense of Prague and earned merit in the successful breakout of the city on August 22nd.

The French withdrew to the west and were persecuted by the pressing Austrians. The 2nd Battalion of Royal-Bavière formed the last formation of the rearguard and was able to ensure through strong defenses that even their own wounded did not have to stay behind. The regiment then came to Eger , where it remained until the spring of the next year.

  • 1743 : In April the unit was relocated to the Danube and returned to France in June.

The winter was spent in Wissembourg .

  • 1744 : Fighting in the Electoral Palatinate . The 2nd battalion was engaged in a battle in the forest of Rheinzabern . On July 5th, Weissenburg, which was occupied by Karl Alexander of Lorraine , was attacked. The 1st Battalion under Colonel-Lieutenant de Gunntherode overcame the walls on the vineyard side, while the members of the 2nd Battalion under the command of de Montigny penetrated through the Bitscher Tor. After a heavy fight the Hungarian “Forgatz” infantry regiment was defeated. The regiment commander, Colonel Forgatz, and 259 men from his regiment were captured.

Capitaines Bruckner and Lallemand, Lieutenants Victor, Chandollet, d'Herbaumont and Brudon, plus 77 NCOs and men, had died from within their own ranks. 123 men, including three lieutenants, were wounded.

Festivities Burghausen

After the Austrians withdrew across the Rhine , “Royal Bavière” followed them to Passau . Fights followed during the siege of Freiburg im Breisgau and the capture of the city and fortress of Burghausen . Here it met the newly established Forgatz regiment a second time.

  • 1745 : In Germany it was able to distinguish itself under the Comte de Ségur in the battle near Paffenhofen. It was part of the rearguard and was able to recapture the war chest when crossing a swamp, which had already fallen into the hands of the enemy. After the end of the fighting of the French troops in this area, the regiment was still 1094 men.
  • 1746 : The already very worn regiment was used in defensive battles on the Rhine.
  • 1747 : Royal-Bavière was on the Var , where it met the Forgatz regiment for the third time, with whom it fought for the crossing at Verdon . The Austrians could be defeated and forced to withdraw to Castellane .
  • 1748 : The regiments Royal-Bavière and de Royal-Comtois moved into winter quarters in Voltri. After the peace agreement, the regiment was reduced to two battalions and relocated to Corsica , where it remained until 1753.

Seven Years War (1757 to 1763)

  • 1757 : Departure from Longwy in April. The regiment was assigned to the army on the Lower Rhine under the command of Maréchal d'Estrées . At the end of June of the same year it was with the majority of the army in the field camp near Bielefeld . On July 26th it fought in the Battle of Hastenbeck , where it was divided into the front attack column on the left wing. At the end of the year the regiment was in winter quarters in Vienenburg .
  • 1758 : At the end of January 1758 the regiment was detached to the army led by Louis XV. had been set up to support the Austrian troops in Bohemia . The regiment reached Halberstadt on January 10th . However, when Ferdinand von Braunschweig began his offensive to Bohemia in February , the French army withdrew to the Rhine . From April 30th to May 4th it was in the second line of the army of the Count of Clermont in the fortified camp near Wesel . In July of the same year it was moved to near Friedberg (Hessen) , where the army of the Prince of Soubise assembled. On July 23, 1758, the regiment was deployed in the front line of the center in the battle of Sandershausen . Here the association succeeded in stopping the attacking Hessian cavalry , which had previously routed the French cavalry. On October 4, the regiment in the brigade formation with the Régiment Royal-Deux-Ponts under the command of the Marquis de Grillon was commanded to remove the bridges over the Lahn. The enemy had recognized this and tried for his part to take possession of the bridges. After a battle against superior forces, the brigade had to withdraw slowly. The staggered fire of the battalions kept the Hanoverians at a distance and managed to escape without leaving a cannon, a wounded man or a single ammunition wagon. Use in the battle of Lutterberg .
  • 1759 : Battle near Bergen. The regiment participated in the last attack that drove the enemy out of the village.
  • 1760 : The unit was wiped out in the battle near Emsdorf , the survivors were taken prisoner. The Comte d'Helfenberg, acting as Colonel en second, was killed by a cannonball. Colonel Count Adam de Löwenhaupt became the new regiment owner.
  • 1761 : Relocation to Ostend at the beginning of the year to observe the movements of the English navy on the North Sea . In the same year it returned to Germany.
  • 1762 : The campaign on the Lower Rhine followed with a garrison in Neubreisach .

Peace time

  • 1763 : In May relocation to Landau (Pfalz) , in December to Strasbourg , in March 1764 to Landau, in November of the same year to Neubreisach, in August 1765 to Port-Louis, in October of the same year to Wissembourg , in October 1766 to Dunkirk , in June 1767 to St. Omer , in October 1768 to Lille , in July 1769 to the camp near Compiègne , in October 1771 to Strasbourg, in September 1772 to Wissembourg, in June 1774 to Landau, in October to Strasbourg, in May 1775 to Landau, in October 1778 to Wissembourg and Lauterbourg , in May 1777 the regiment was in Wissembourg and Bitche , in November 1777 it was transferred to Lille, in June 1778 to Eu and Saint-Valéry. In September the 1st Battalion moved to Nancy , and the 2nd Battalion marched via La Hague and Hennebon to Brest (Finistère) , where it was embarked for the Antilles in December 1781 . It returned to France on April 5, 1783 and was initially placed in garrison at Landau. In October 1783 he was transferred to Strasbourg, in October 1785 to Port-Louis and in June 1786 back to Strasbourg. Here the regiment received the news of the storming of the Bastille , whereupon it loudly expressed its joy and approval. In the following days there was a riot in the inns and was then ordered to "cool off" in Neubreisach. Here it was the first French unit to wear the cockade in the colors of the tricolor. After the mood had calmed down, it was ordered back to Strasbourg. In June 1790 the 1st battalion was transferred to Givet and the 2nd battalion to Rocroi. In April 1791, the two battalions were reunited in Mézières .

Coalition wars

The 2nd Battalion fought under Jean-Baptiste Jourdan in the Ardennes Army and the Sambre-Maas Army. On March 26, 1794, it was used to set up the "172 e demi-brigade de bataille".

1815 to 1848

Second Empire

On January 1, 1855, the 19th light infantry regiment was reclassified to the new 94th infantry regiment.

In the Crimean War used, the unit lost 1856 423 men to 23 January. In 1856 it was moved to Saint-Omer and in 1869 to Rouen.

By decree of May 2, 1859, it had to give up a company to set up the 102 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne .

During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the Armée du Rhin on August 1, 1870. Together with the 93 e régiment d'infantry de ligne it was the 2nd Brigade under Général Colin. The regiment arrived in Metz and was used on August 16 in the battle of Mars-la-Tour . Here it got caught in a cavalry attack and backed off in panic. On August 18, the unit was in Sainte-Marie-aux-Chênes. The Prussian Guard marched on their way to the Battle of Gravelotte on the place and came here in massive flanking fire by 94 e régiment d'infantry.

Maréchal Canrobert ordered the regiment, worn down by the fighting , to act as the rearguard of the troops flowing back on Metz. It arrived here on August 29th and became a prisoner of war with the surrender of the fortress. However, the regimental flag could be brought to safety.

With its 4th battalion, the remnants of the 1st regiment of the grenadiers of the imperial guard and released prisoners of war, the 94 e régiment d'infanterie was re-established and during this time referred to as the guard regiment.

On October 6, it fought in the Battle of Bellevue .

1871 to 1914

  • Bar-le-Duc, the 94 e RI on the march

  • Team canteen in the "Caserne Exelmans" in Bar-le-Duc

  • Écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan, soldiers of the 94 e RI before 1910

During the Paris Commune , the regiment was one of the units that put down the uprisings in the city on so-called Bloody Sunday. On May 25, 1871, the regimental commander was appointed military governor of Paris. The regiment then stayed in the capital until 1872 and moved to Verdun on September 12th . In July 1880 the regiment was moved to Bar-le-Duc, where it was to remain permanently.

In 1911 it was used to put down the revolt of the wine growers in Ay .

First World War

The regiment was mobilized in Bar-le-Duc .

“Caserne Exelmans” in Bar-le-Duc at the beginning of the 20th century
  • 1914 : The 94 e régiment d'infanterie belonged to the 83rd Infantry Brigade of the 42nd Infantry Division in the 6th Army Corps of Général Verraux and was then assigned to the 32nd Corps. It was used in the First Battle of the Marne .
  • 1915 : From September 2nd to September 24th, positions were set up north of the Suippe . Despite the heavy artillery fire, the work could be brought to a successful conclusion.

From September 25th to October 3rd, the unit fought in the autumn battle in Champagne .

September 3: Relocation to the reserve in Mourmelon
September 6: After alerting, move into the positions of September 25, but without taking any action
October 11th: The regiment replaced the 103rd and 142nd Infantry Regiments in Saillant T and in the trenches east of Auberive . The 7th and 8th Companies remained as reserves in the Vauban Forest.
October 19: Relief by the 161st Infantry Regiment. The 94 e RI had 14 officers and 778 NCOs and crews of fallen, wounded and missing persons.
November / December: Trench warfare in Champagne
Second mission before Verdun

Second World War

In 1940 the regiment was under the command of Colonel Gregy and belonged to the 42nd Infantry Division. The mobilization was carried out by the Center Mobilisateur d'infanterie; Reserve A RI Type NE; (CMI 62) in Bar-le-Duc.

At the latest with the Armistice of Compiègne it was demobilized or dissolved. There is currently no information about the fighting against the German troops during the Western campaign.

post war period

This beret badge was first worn by the hunting commandos in Algeria

For use in the Algerian War , the regiment was reorganized in 1956 in Camp de Sissonne with four battalions. It was stationed in the Aurès Mountains and in the Nemencha area, the regimental command was in Khenchela, the capital of the Khenchela province . On October 1, the 4th Battalion was disbanded and the personnel were integrated into the 3rd Battalion. The main task of the regiment was the provision of so-called hunting commandos to fight the insurgents in the rural regions.

Cessation of fire in Algeria on March 19, 1962

The 94 e RI, like 91 other units, set up some of the 114 newly formed units from local forces (Unités de la Force locale de l'ordre Algérienne) before its withdrawal in 1962, the 431 ° UFL-UFO, 432 ° UFL- UFO and the 433 ° UFL-UFO. These units consisted of 10% of the urban population and 90% of the rural population (French: Militaires Musulmans) and served as the Algerian military in the transition period up to the independence of the provisional Algerian government.

On July 4, 1962, the 1st Battalion was disbanded, the 2nd Battalion was on October 4, the 1st Battalion of the 39 e d'régiment infantry determined. The regimental flag was handed over to the Center d'instruction de santé de l'armée de Terre N ° 6 (CISS 6 - Medical Training Center No. 6 of the Army), which had since been moved to the "Caserne Exelmans" in Bar-le-Duc .

Reinstallation and Use

On September 1, 1967, the regiment was re-established as a motorized unit on the military base in Étain . In 1975 it was assigned the AMX-13 tank destroyer for the heavy company . In 1980 it was moved to Camp de Sissonne. In 1981 it was equipped with the wheeled armored vehicle VAB , at that time it belonged to the 8th Infantry Division.

In rotation it sent companies to New Caledonia , and it was also deployed with forces in Chad , the Central African Republic , Lebanon and ex-Yugoslavia .

The unit was dissolved in 1993.

Regimental flags since Napoleonic times

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

  • Model 1804 front

  • Model 1804 back

  • Model 1812

  • Model 1812

  • Model 1815

  • Model 1815

  • Model 1880 front side

  • Model 1880 back

The inscription "Anvers 1832" on the flag refers to the 19th light infantry regiment, which continued the line of tradition between 1820 and 1855.

Awards

The flag ribbon is awarded the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with five palm branches for five honorable mention in the army report and a gold star for a special mention in the corps report. The members of the regiment have the right (even in the event of a possible re-formation) to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the Médaille militaire . Croix de guerre 5 p + 1.png

Motto

On l'engage pour vaincre
(In action to win)

tradition

On September 1, 2005, the regiment was designated as the traditional association of the Center d'entraînement aux actions en zone urbaine (CENZUB - Urban Warfare Training Center) at the Camp de Sissonne military training area.

On July 1, 2013, the CENZUB changed its name to: "CENZUB / 94 e Régiment d'infanterie". Thus, on official occasions, CENZUB only carries the 94 e RI flag .

Others

From 1779 Hans Axel von Fersen , favorite of the French Queen Marie-Antoinette , belonged to the regiment.

Web links

Commons : Flags of the 94 e régiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ to: Les uniformes et les drapeaux de l'armée du roi. Marseille 1899.
  2. ↑ also: Lowenhaupt
  3. ↑ Journal de marche et des opérations du 94 e RI
  4. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  5. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  6. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time
  7. ↑ Laurent Lagneau: Le 94e Régiment d'Infanterie et le 5e Régiment de Dragons vont renaître. In: Zone militaire. June 8, 2013
  8. ↑ this is how the term “lover” is circumscribed

literature

  • Ludwig Hüttl: Max Emanuel - the Blue Elector. Munich 1976, ISBN 3-7991-5863-4 .
  • Paul Martin: Le Régiment Royal Hesse-Darmstadt. In: L'Essor. No. 77.
  • Lucien Mouillard: Les Régiments sous Louis XV. Paris 1882.
  • Charles PV Pajol: Les Guerres sous Louis XV. Volume VII. Paris 1891.
  • Christian Rogge: The French & Allied Armies in Germany during the Seven Years War. Frankfurt 2006.
  • Service historique de l'armée de terre. Archives du génie, article 15, section 1, § 5, pièce 23.
  • Jean-Jaques de Nauyon de Curmont: Les uniformes et les drapeaux de l'armée du Roi. 3 volumes. Marseille 1899.
  • Denis Diderot, Jean le Rond d'Alembert: Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers. Paris 1751-1772. 28 volumes.
    Available on the French Wikipedia under École militaire (France) .
  • Général Serge Andolenko : Recueil d'historiques de l'infanterie française. Eurimprim, Paris 1969.
  • Eugene Fieffé: History of Foreign Forces in the Service of France. Volume I. Munich 1866.
  • Hans-Joachim Kühn: German foreign regiments in France . In: Saarland family studies. Vol. 28, 1995, Volume 7, Issue 111, pp. 439–448 ( online ( Memento from July 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ); PDF; 4 kB).
  • Henri Bouchot: L'Epopée du costume militaire français. Aquarelles et dessins originaux de JOB, Paris 1898.
  • Pierre Charrié: Drapeaux et étendards du Roi. Léopard d'Or, 1989.
  • René Chartrand: Louis XV's Army. 1. Osprey, 1996.
  • René Chartrand: Louis XV's Army. 3. Osprey, 2003.
  • René Chartrand: Louis XV's Army. 4. Osprey, 1997.
  • René Chartrand: Louis XV's Army. 5. Osprey, 1998.
  • Liliane and Fred Funcken: Le costume et les armes des soldats de tous les temps. Casterman, 1966.
  • Liliane and Fred Funcken: L'uniforme et les armes des soldats de la Guerre en dentelles. Casterman, 1975.
  • Albert Rigondaud: Le Plumet - les uniformes et les drapeaux de l'armée de l'Ancien régime et du 1er Empire. Paris 1971.
  • Lucien Rousselot: L'Armée Française - ses uniformes, son équipement, son armement. 1969.