12 e régiment d'infantry

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Régiment d'Auxerrois
12 e regiment d'infanterie

12e RI.png

Badge of 12 e régiment d'infantry
active 1776 to?
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces army
Branch of service infantry
Type regiment
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto Le brave
Awards Fourragère of the Médaille militaire , Croix de Guerre 1914-18

The 12 e régiment d'infanterie was an infantry regiment, set up in 1776 as the Régiment d'Auxerrois in the Kingdom of France and in service during the Ancien Régime (then with a few interruptions) until it was dissolved in 1993. Until it was unified by the numbering created during the Revolution it takes the name of the county of Auxerre.

Lineup and significant changes

  • March 25, 1776: Formation of the Régiment d'Auxerrois from the 2nd and 4th Battalions of the Régiment de La Marine
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 12 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1793: First army reform . The regiment was formed on December 21, 1793 with its two battalions as 1 er battalion (ci-devant Auxerrois) to 23 e demi-brigade de bataille and as 2 e battalion (ci-devant Auxerrois) on 25 December 1793 to 24 e demi -brigade de bataille turned off. This ended the regimental association and the line of tradition.
  • 1803: Renaming of the 12 e demi-brigade d'infanterie to the 12 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1815: disbanded with the entire Napoleonic Army during the Second Restoration
  • 1816: re-established as Légion des Côtes-du-Nord
  • 1820: Renamed to 12 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1854: Renamed to 12 e régiment d'infanterie
  • 1914: During the mobilization, the regular reserve regiment , the 212 e régiment d'infanterie , was set up.
  • 1918 to 1939: After the end of the war, the regiment was disbanded at an unknown time.
  • August 22, 1939: re-established as 12 e RIF (Régiment d'infanterie de forteresse - fortress infantry regiment)

Mestres de camp / Colonels / Chefs de brigade

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803, "Chef de brigade" from 1793 to 1803.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment, the command was given to the “Mestre de camp lieutenant” (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the Leave a colonel lieutenant or colonel en second.

  • April 18, 1776: Claude-Charles, vicomte de Damas-Marillac
  • January 27, 1782: Alexis-Paul-Michel Leveneur, vicomte de Tillières
  • April 24, 1782: Charles-François-Joseph, comte de Fléchin de Vamin
  • July 25, 1791: François-Félix de Galaup
  • February 5, 1792: François-Guillaume de Bragouze de Saint-Sauveur
  • March 23, 1792: Charles-Henri Le Bœuf de La Noue des Brunières
[...]
  • 1803: Colonel François Vergez
  • 1806: Colonel Joseph Antoine Charles de Muller
  • 1809: Colonel Jean Martin Thoulouse
  • 1812: Colonel Ignace Baudinot (Henri-Aloyse-Ignace Baudinot)
[...]
  • 1878 to 1880: Colonel Auguste Pierre Bezard
[...]

Officers killed or wounded in service with the regiment between 1804 and 1815:

  • fallen: 51
  • died of her wounds: 25
  • wounded: 201

Furnishing

Royal flags

  • Régiment d'Auxerrois 1776 to 1791

  • 12 e régiment d'infanterie (1st battalion) 1791 to 1793

  • 12 e régiment d'infanterie (2nd battalion) 1791 to 1793

Uniform until 1793

  • Régiment d'Auxerrois 1776 to 1779

  • Régiment d'Auxerrois 1779 to 1791

  • Grenadier fourier des 12 e regiment d'infanterie de ligne 1791 to 1793

Mission history

American War of Independence

The regiment was deployed in the course of the war and was able to conquer the island of Dominica with 1,800 men, plus a few hundred grenadiers and hunters of the Régiment de Viennois and the Régiment de La Martinique, under the command of the Marquis de Bouillé from September 6, 1778 .

1780 : On April 12th, some companies in Fort Royal were loaded onto the ships of the Comte de Guichen and thus got into the naval battle off Martinique with the forces of the British Admiral Rodney . The 74-gun ship of the line “Glorieux”, on which some Auxerrois companies were located, was dismasted and captured. The flagpole was also shot down and sank into the sea with the white royal flag. Thereupon Sergent Chossat hurried to the steering bank of the ship, hung a piece of white cloth at the end of his saber and held up this new flag during the whole time that the "Glorieux" was being pinned down by two British ships and finally boarded . Chossat was captured, wounded in the leg, and was promoted to Sous-lieutenant for his deed . In the same year a battalion under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel de Blanchelande was involved in the defense of the island of St. Vincent . On December 16 and 17, it was able to throw 4,000 British who had landed under the command of General Vaughan back on their ships.
1781 : Afterwards the troops from Blanchelande embarked on May 8th and attacked St. Lucia on May 10th . On May 24, the force went ashore in Tobago , occupied Scarborough and besieged Fort King George . On May 30th, the rest of the regiment arrived here with the Colonel and M. de Bouillé. The commandant, the British Major Ferguson, surrendered on June 2nd. The French captured 400 men of the 86th Infantry Regiment, 500 Scots and a large number of black armed men. The fort's artillery was also captured. On November 15, a 300-man detachment under the command of M. de Bouillé, which was still in Martinique, landed on the Dutch island of Sint Eustatius , which had already been occupied by the British. The small corps, consisting of the other battalion d'Auxerrois, one battalion each from the Régiment de Royal-Comtois , the Régiment de Dillon and the Régiment de Walsh as well as 300 grenadiers and hunters from different units, landed on the island the next morning. Due to the bad weather, the landing turned into a disaster. Several of the ships were thrown against the rocks and by daybreak only 400 men had landed. This was followed by a six-hour march to the British fort, where the garrison was completely surprised, as the Irish with their red uniforms had initially been mistaken for English. Governor Cockburn eventually had to surrender. This adventurous operation cost the French no more than ten men, while 530 men of the English garrison (13th and 15th Infantry Regiments) agreed to join the Dillon and Walsh regiments, which after the considerable losses of recent times, were able to recover could be replenished. In addition, 68 cannons were captured. Back to Martinique, the Colonel de Damas was able to force the islands of St. Martin and Saba to surrender, which earned him the promotion to the Maréchal de camp .
1782 : On January 5th, part of the regiment left Martinique and on January 11th reached the roadstead at Basseterre on the island of Saint-Christophe . Under the command of the Comte de Fléchin, Colonel en second of the Régiment de Touraine , the mission took place on January 28 at the siege of Brimstone Hill Fortress . On January 22nd, the Comte de Fléchin occupied Montserrat with 500 men from the d'Auxerrois regiment . In the same year 125 selected soldiers of the regiment accompanied the M. de la Peyrouse on his expedition against the British settlements in Hudson Bay . After the regiment had built such a glorious reputation that was in no way inferior to that of its main regiment La Marine , it was transported back to France.

Back in France

1783 : Arrived in Lorient on July 21st, it was commanded to Verdun . In October 1785 the relocation to Montmédy and in October 1786 to Mezières , where it remained until 1789. In May 1790 it was commanded to Metz and in 1791 to Condé-sur-l'Escaut . Here a number of the officers decided to leave the service because they did not agree with the political situation. At the beginning of the year, the later Maréchal d'Empire Jean-Baptiste Jourdan was a simple soldier in the regiment he had joined in 1778.
1790 : Parts of the regiment were used to put down the mutiny in Nancy .

Coalition wars

When the war began in April 1792, the 1st battalion was assigned to the Armée du Nord, and the 2nd battalion was garrisoned in Dunkirk. The 1st Battalion distinguished itself in the failed attack on Menen on November 6th . At the head of the battalion and the 1st battalion of La Gironde, the Colonel de Brunières attacked the fortified base d'Hallième with great vigor and captured it only with the bayonets without firing a single shot. After that, the battalion was used in the conquest of Antwerp and then stayed in the city for a few months. It was used in a battle near Aachen and in the defense of Tongeren . Then the battalion fought in Flanders in the battle at La Madeleine on April 30, 1792, in the battle at Raismes on May 8, in which General Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre was killed in the front, in the attack on Tourcoing on July 10 , on Warwick on July 22nd, in the action at Linselles on August 18th, in the capture of Tourcoing on August 27th and in the defense of this town on October 20th. The battalion was then assigned to the Sambre-Maas Army and used in the course of the Premier amalgame (First Army Reform) on December 21, 1793 to form the 23 e demi-brigade de bataille .

Since 1804 again as 12 e d'régiment infantry used:

Russian campaign in 1812
Campaign in Germany
Campaign in France
Reign of the Hundred Days

Between 1803 and 1815 a total of 17,302 conscripts were drafted into the regiment. Most came from Burgundy, mainly from the departments of Côte-d'Or , Yonne , Saône-et-Loire and Nièvre . The average height of those called up in 1803 was 163.75 centimeters.

Second Kingdom 1815 to 1848

  • 1830 : By order of September 18, a 4th battalion was set up, which increased the regiment's staff to 3,000 men.

Second Empire

Franco-German War

On August 16, 1870, the 4th battalion was activated from the newly arrived surplus soldiers and set in motion from the depot as the “6 e régiment de marche” (6th marching regiment ). It belonged to the 1st Brigade of the 1st Division in the 13th Army Corps.

A company of the 12 e RI, which was assigned to the "36 e régiment de marche", fought in the battle near Torçay ( Département Eure-et-Loir ).

On November 24, 1870, the 8th companies of the 2nd and 3rd battalions of the regiment were fighting as "29 e régiment de marche" near Chilleurs, Ladon (Loiret) , Boiscommun , Neuville-aux-Bois and Maizières in the Loiret department .

On January 6, 1871, the marching company of the regiment in the "36 e régiment de marche" was involved in the skirmish at Gué-du-Loir.

In the 1880s the regiment was garrisoned at Lodève .

During the winemaking rebellion in Languedoc in 1907, the regiments stationed in the region were exchanged for others. The 12 e RI moved into garrison in the Reffye barracks in Tarbes .

First World War

At the beginning of the war the regiment in Tarbes was garrisoned. It was subordinate to the 36th Infantry Division from August 1914 to June 1915 and to the 123rd Infantry Division from June 1915 to November 1918.

  • 1914
August 24th: Participation in the Battle of the Sambre (1914) , defensive battles at Gozée and Biesme-Sous-Thuin
August 29th: Battle of St. Quentin
5th to 12th September: Battle of the Marne
  • 1915
First Battle of Flanders
1916
Battle of Verdun : Fighting on the Cote 304, from November on the Cote du Poivre
  • 1917
Battle of Verdun: Attack battles on the Cote 326, Cote 344 and from August 20 northwest of Beaumont-en-Verdunois
September to December: Trench warfare in Lorraine
  • 1918
January to June: Trench warfare in Lorraine
July to August: Battle of Amiens
Battle of St. Quentin, pursuit battles up to the Canal de la Sambre à l'Oise

Second World War

Disbanded after the end of the war in 1918, the regiment was set up as a fortress infantry regiment for the Maginot Line by the "Center Mobilisateur d'infanterie" (CMI 71) réserve A RIF type in Mulhouse as part of the mobilization on August 22, 1939 and to defend the Altkirch defense section assigned.

Missing disclosures

There is no information on the period from August 1939 to the Compiègne armistice in June 1940.

No information is available for the time thereafter either. According to the inscription on the regimental flag, the regiment must have been deployed in the Algerian war between 1952 and 1962 .

Regimental flags since Napoleonic times

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters. In its history, the regiment carried around 16 different flags one after the other.

  • last flag carried (front)

  • last flag used (back)

Awards

The regiment's flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with four palm branches and a gold-plated star. The Fourragère of the Médaille militaire is flagged because of the four honorable mentions in the army report . The members of the regiment also have the right to wear this distinction (awarded on January 3, 1919). There is also an honorable mention in the corps report.

  • Croix de guerre with four palm branches and a gold-plated star

  • Fourragère in the colors of the Médaille militaire

Honorable Mentions from the Army

  • by the General Command of the Second Army with No. 900 of September 20, 1917 ( Général d'armée Adolphe Guillaumat )
  • by the General Command of III. Army with No. 488 of August 14, 1918 (Général d'armée Georges Louis Humbert )
  • by the General Command of III. Army with No. 615 of December 8, 1918 (Général d'armée Georges Louis Humbert)
  • by the General Command of the 1st Army with No. 201 of January 18, 1919 (Général d'armée Marie-Eugène Debeney )

Honorable Mention by the Army Corps

Motto

Le brave
(the brave)

literature

  • Général Serge Andolenko : Recueil d'historiques de l'infanterie française. Eurimprim, Paris 1969.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ which had nothing to do with the original regiment
  2. ↑ In the same year, 1791, he was promoted to Chef de bataillon .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infantry en France. Volume 3. p. 464.
  2. ↑ Bulletins on the Operations of the Great Army. From Nro. 1 up to and including 18 (26). Ofen 1805, p. 16 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  3. ↑ Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infantry en France. Volume 5, p. 151.
  4. ^ Général Vinoy: Opération du 13e corps d'armée et de la 3e armée durant le Siège de Paris. 1870, pp. 7 and 15.
  5. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  6. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  7. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time
  8. ↑ Chtimiste , website dedicated to the regiments 1914–1918
  9. ↑ Regulation No. 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply industry. Published with the Official Army Bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007.
  10. ^ Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A by Michèle Alliot-Marie.

Web links

Commons : Flags of the 12th regiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files